Morphological Causatives Are Voice Over Voice
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How Do Young Children Acquire Case Marking?
INVESTIGATING FINNISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN’S NOUN MORPHOLOGY: HOW DO YOUNG CHILDREN ACQUIRE CASE MARKING? Thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences 2015 HENNA PAULIINA LEMETYINEN SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 8 DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... 9 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .......................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: General introduction to language acquisition research ...................................... 11 1.1. Generativist approaches to child language............................................................ 11 1.2. Usage-based approaches to child language........................................................... 14 1.3. The acquisition of morphology ............................................................................. -
Minimalist C/Case Sigurðsson, Halldor Armann
Minimalist C/case Sigurðsson, Halldor Armann Published in: Linguistic Inquiry 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Sigurðsson, H. A. (2012). Minimalist C/case. Linguistic Inquiry, 43(2), 191-227. http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000967 Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Access Provided by Lunds universitet at 04/30/12 3:55PM GMT Minimalist C/case Halldo´rA´ rmann SigurLsson This article discusses A-licensing and case from a minimalist perspec- tive, pursuing the idea that argument NPs cyclically enter a number of A-relations, rather than just a single one, resulting in event licensing, case licensing, and -licensing. -
Typological Studies with Passive/Antipassive As an Example
Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example Irina Burukina [email protected] *** . Irina Burukina ([email protected])Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example *** 1 / 53 This lecture is about 1. Typology What is linguistic typology 2. Examples of linguistic typologies Word order typology Morphological typology Morphosyntactic typology: Nominative vs. ergative languages 3. Voices from a typological perspective Voice Passive Antipassive . Irina Burukina ([email protected])Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example *** 2 / 53 What is linguistic typology . Irina Burukina ([email protected])Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example *** 3 / 53 References The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology. 2010. edited by Jae Jung Song Pereltsvaig, Asya. 2012. Languages of the World. An Introduction. Croft, William. 1990, 2003. Typology and Universals. Nichols, Johanna. 1992. Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time. World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) – https://wals.info/ . Irina Burukina ([email protected])Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example *** 4 / 53 Linguistic typology Comparative study of human languages: Comparing languages with each other with respect to a given linguistic phenomenon. Classifying observed crosslinguistic variation into types. Formulating generalizations over the distribution of linguistic patterns across the languages of the world and their relationship to other patterns. – universals and parameters . Irina Burukina ([email protected])Typological studies with passive/antipassive as an example *** 5 / 53 Greenberg’s universals Greenberg (1963): What is possible/impossible in human language? Why? Examples of Greenberg’s universals: All languages with dominant VSO order have SVO as an alternative or as the only alternative basic order. -
AN INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR of OLD ENGLISH Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies
AN INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR OF OLD ENGLISH MEDievaL AND Renaissance Texts anD STUDies VOLUME 463 MRTS TEXTS FOR TEACHING VOLUme 8 An Introductory Grammar of Old English with an Anthology of Readings by R. D. Fulk Tempe, Arizona 2014 © Copyright 2020 R. D. Fulk This book was originally published in 2014 by the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Arizona State University, Tempe Arizona. When the book went out of print, the press kindly allowed the copyright to revert to the author, so that this corrected reprint could be made freely available as an Open Access book. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE viii ABBREVIATIONS ix WORKS CITED xi I. GRAMMAR INTRODUCTION (§§1–8) 3 CHAP. I (§§9–24) Phonology and Orthography 8 CHAP. II (§§25–31) Grammatical Gender • Case Functions • Masculine a-Stems • Anglo-Frisian Brightening and Restoration of a 16 CHAP. III (§§32–8) Neuter a-Stems • Uses of Demonstratives • Dual-Case Prepositions • Strong and Weak Verbs • First and Second Person Pronouns 21 CHAP. IV (§§39–45) ō-Stems • Third Person and Reflexive Pronouns • Verbal Rection • Subjunctive Mood 26 CHAP. V (§§46–53) Weak Nouns • Tense and Aspect • Forms of bēon 31 CHAP. VI (§§54–8) Strong and Weak Adjectives • Infinitives 35 CHAP. VII (§§59–66) Numerals • Demonstrative þēs • Breaking • Final Fricatives • Degemination • Impersonal Verbs 40 CHAP. VIII (§§67–72) West Germanic Consonant Gemination and Loss of j • wa-, wō-, ja-, and jō-Stem Nouns • Dipthongization by Initial Palatal Consonants 44 CHAP. IX (§§73–8) Proto-Germanic e before i and j • Front Mutation • hwā • Verb-Second Syntax 48 CHAP. -
German Free Datives and Knight Move Binding Daniel Hole/Universität Stuttgart
German free datives and Knight Move Binding Daniel Hole/Universität Stuttgart 1. Introduction This paper is concerned with German free datives and their peculiar binding behavior. * I ar- gue that free datives are best described in terms of voice. The free dative voice turns out to be very similar to run-of-the-mill cases of reflexivity, which must likewise be modeled as a kind of voice under the theoretical assumptions of Kratzer’s (1996) agent severance. The free da- tive, just like a reflexive antecedent in German, binds a variable in the local tense domain. What is highly peculiar about the free dative voice is the tree-geometrical requirement that goes along with it. The variable that free datives bind must be at the left edge of a clause-mate coargumental possessum phrase or purpose phrase (‘Knight Move Binding’). Standard im- plementations of binding don’t include requirements of this kind. The argumentation strives to show that the requirement of Knight Move Binding really exists, and that this kind of bind- ing is a privileged configuration in the grammaticalization of reflexive pronouns crosslinguis- tically. The paper delimits the empirical domain of free datives in sects. 2 and 3. Sect. 4 estab- lishes the parallel locality restrictions of dative binding for “possessor” and “beneficiary” da- tives. Sect. 5 establishes the Knight Move Binding requirement of free datives. Sect. 6 devel- ops the semantic implementation of free dative binding with a large detour via semantic theo- ries of reflexivization. Competing proposals are briefly discussed in sect. 7. Sect. 8 concludes the paper. -
The Finnish Noun Phrase
Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Scienze del Linguaggio The Finnish Noun Phrase Relatore: Prof.ssa Giuliana Giusti Correlatore: Prof. Guglielmo Cinque Laureanda: Lena Dal Pozzo Matricola: 803546 ANNO ACCADEMICO: 2006/2007 A mia madre Table of contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………….…….…… III Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………........ V Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………VII 1. Word order in Finnish …………………………………………………………………1 1.1 The order of constituents in the clause …………………………………………...2 1.2 Word order and interpretation .......……………………………………………… 8 1.3 The order of constituents in the Nominal Expression ………………………… 11 1.3.1. Determiners and Possessors …………………………………………………12 1.3.2. Adjectives and other modifiers …………………………………………..… 17 1.3.2.1 Adjectival hierarchy…………………………………………………………23 1.3.2.2 Predicative structures and complements …………………………………26 1.3.3 Relative clauses …………………………………………………………….... 28 1.4 Conclusions ............……………………………………………………………. 30 2. Thematic relations in nominal expressions ……………………………………….. 32 2.1 Observations on Argument Structure ………………………………….……. 32 2.1.1 Result and Event nouns…………………………………………………… 36 2.2 Transitive nouns ………………………………………………………………... 38 2.2.1 Compound nouns ……………….……………………………………... 40 2.2.2 Intransitive nouns derived from transitive verbs …………………… 41 2.3 Passive nouns …………………………………………………………………… 42 2.4 Psychological predicates ……………………………………………………….. 46 2.4.1 Psych verbs ………………………………………………………………. -
The Esperantist Background of René De Saussure's Work
Chapter 1 The Esperantist background of René de Saussure’s work Marc van Oostendorp Radboud University and The Meertens Institute ené de Saussure was arguably more an esperantist than a linguist – R somebody who was primarily inspired by his enthusiasm for the language of L. L. Zamenhof, and the hope he thought it presented for the world. His in- terest in general linguistics seems to have stemmed from his wish to show that the structure of Esperanto was better than that of its competitors, and thatit reflected the ways languages work in general. Saussure became involved in the Esperanto movement around 1906, appar- ently because his brother Ferdinand had asked him to participate in an inter- national Esperanto conference in Geneva; Ferdinand himself did not want to go because he did not want to become “compromised” (Künzli 2001). René be- came heavily involved in the movement, as an editor of the Internacia Scienca Re- vuo (International Science Review) and the national journal Svisa Espero (Swiss Hope), as well as a member of the Akademio de Esperanto, the Academy of Es- peranto that was and is responsible for the protection of the norms of the lan- guage. Among historians of the Esperanto movement, he is also still known as the inventor of the spesmilo, which was supposed to become an international currency among Esperantists (Garvía 2015). At the time, the interest in issues of artificial language solutions to perceived problems in international communication was more widespread in scholarly cir- cles than it is today. In the western world, German was often used as a language of e.g. -
1 Possessive Voice in Wolof: a Rara Type of Valency Operator 1
Possessive voice construction in Wolof Sylvie Voisin 29/11/06 “Rara & rarissima” MPI – Leipzig (29 March – 1 April 2006) Possessive voice in Wolof: A rara type of valency operator 1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to describe an uncommon valency operator in Wolof, the verbal morpheme –le which encodes a possessive relation between the subject and the object of a derived verb. After a brief presentation of background information to facilitate the discussion, internal possessive constructions in Wolof will be presented. First, the particularities of the “le- construction” will be compared to different strategies of external possession construction observed in different languages following the typology proposed by Payne & Barshi (1999). Second, the “le- construction” will be compared to the Japanese possessive passive, as well as to double derivation constructions, such applicative-passives in other languages. Finally, even if the possessive construction –le in Wolof, and external possession constructions or derivations including passive share some characteristics, I will concluded that this valency operator in Wolof is specific and will propose a hypothesis of its emergence. 2 WOLOF BACKGROUNG INFORMATION1 Wolof is a West Atlantic language spoken in Senegal and also in Gambia and Mauritania. As many Niger-congo languages, Wolof has a nominal class system. It is reduced in comparison with other Atlantic languages. It is compounded of 8 consonants for singular and 2 consonants for plural: - singular: b-, k-, l-, w-, m-, g-, s- and j- - plural: y- and ñ- In this system, the consonants are used as support for determinant markers and can’t be analyzed as affixed class markers (*ñ-góor ; góor ñ-i “the men” ; góor ñ-ale “these men”). -
Diminutive and Augmentative Functions of Some Luganda Noun Class Markers Samuel Namugala MA Thesis in Linguistics Norwegian Un
Diminutive and Augmentative Functions of some Luganda Noun Class Markers Samuel Namugala MA Thesis in Linguistics Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Faculty of Humanities Department of Language and Literature Trondheim, April, 2014 To my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Wampamba, and my siblings, Polycarp, Lydia, Christine, Violet, and Joyce ii Acknowledgements I wish to express my gratitude to The Norwegian Government for offering me a grant to pursue the master’s program at NTNU. Without this support, I would perhaps not have achieved my dream of pursuing the master’s degree in Norway. Special words of thanks go to my supervisors, Professor Kaja Borthen and Professor Assibi Amidu for guiding me in writing this thesis. Your scholarly guidance, constructive comments and critical revision of the drafts has made it possible for me to complete this thesis. I appreciate the support and the knowledge that you have shared with me. I look forward to learn more from you. My appreciation also goes to my lecturers and the entire staff at the Department of Language and Literature. I am grateful to Professor Lars Hellan, Assoc. Professor Dorothee Beermann, Professor Wim Van Dommelen, and Assoc. Professor Jardar Abrahamsen for the knowledge you have shared with me since I joined NTNU. You have made me the linguist that I desired to be. I also wish to thank the authors that didn’t mind to help me when contacted for possible relevant literature for my thesis. My appreciation goes to Prof. Nana Aba Appiah Amfo (University of Ghana), Assistant Prof. George J. Xydopoulos (Linguistics School of Philology, University of Patras, Greece), Prof. -
Derived Ergative in Ixil
Derived Ergative in Ixil Yusuke Imanishi 1. Introduction In this paper, I will argue that a subset of derived subjects (particularly the unaccusative subject) is allowed to receive ergative Case, contra the widely accepted generalization that derived subjects such as the subject of unaccusatives and passives are not marked with ergative (Marantz, 1991).1 To illustrate this, I will investigate the interaction between Case alignment and instrumental voice constructions (hereafter IVCs) in Ixil (Mayan) (Dayley, 1981; Ayres, 1983, 1991). In particular, I will address the unexpected emergence of the ergative in a subcase of IVCs: unergatives and unaccusatives. This occurs when an instrumental phrase is fronted to clause-initial position. I will claim that the fronted instrumental phrase feeds the assignment of ergative Case, adopting a recent phase-based analysis of dependent ergative case (Baker, 2014, 2015). As will be shown, the ergative found in unaccusatives and unergatives as well as the regular ergative of Ixil can be analyzed as “dependent” ergative under this analysis. 2. The instrumental voice construction in Ixil Ixil, a member of the Mamean branch of the Mayan languages, is spoken by about 50,000- 69,000 speakers in the Guatemalan Highlands (Lengyel 1978, Ayres 1981 cf. Elliott 1961).2 Like other Mayan languages, Ixil is a head-marking ergative language in the sense of Nichols (1986). Grammatical relations are cross-referenced, with ergative alignment, by agreement morphemes that appear on the predicate. The ergative and absolutive morphemes are called set A and set B markers, respectively, in Mayan linguistics. Set A markers cross-reference transitive subjects and possessors: the homophony between ergative and genitive can be found across Mayan languages. -
Causative in Japanese
Open Linguistics 2021; 7: 87–110 Research Article Hiroshi Aoyagi* On the causative and passive morphology in Japanese and Korean1 https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0004 received August 22, 2018; accepted October 8, 2020 Abstract: Drawing on the layered verb phrase hypothesis, the unexpected adversity imposed on the subject of causative–passives in Japanese will be explained by the loci of -sase and -rare, both of which may instantiate more than one functional heads. This hypothesis also gives an account of the marginal status of passive–causatives whose passivized subject (=causee) is animate. Turning to Korean, /Hi/ is univocally causative, and its apparent use as passive is the result of Voice–Cause bundling. Furthermore, the possible and impossible uses of /Hi/ and /Hu/ as passive morphology result from their selectional properties. Keywords: causative, passive, layered verb phrase, bundling, Japanese, Korean 1 Introduction The purpose of this study is twofold. First, I will attempt to argue that Japanese and Korean are uniform in that their causative morphemes may appear either higher or lower than Voice. Furthermore, I will contend that while the passive -rare in Japanese may be the exponent of either passive Voice or malefactive (or adversative) High Applicative (Aoyagi 2010), the Korean /Hi/ morpheme is univocally causative, and its apparent passive use results from a structurally reductive process, Voice bundling, in the sense of Pylkkänen (2008). Japanese and Korean are both head-final agglutinative languages; and voice alternation, including passive and causative, is exercised by suffixation as exhibited in (1) from Japanese and (2) from Korean, respectively. -
Conjugation Class and Transitivity in Kipsigis Maria Kouneli, University of Leipzig [email protected]
April 22nd, 2021 Workshop on theme vowels in V(P) structure and beyond University of Graz Conjugation class and transitivity in Kipsigis Maria Kouneli, University of Leipzig [email protected] 1 Introduction • Research on conjugation classes and theme vowels has mostly focused on Indo- European languages, even though they are not restricted to this language family (see Oltra-Massuet 2020 for an overview). • The goal of this talk is to investigate the properties of inflectional classes in Kip- sigis, a Nilotic language spoken in Kenya: – in the nominal domain, the language possesses a variety of thematic suffixes with many similarities to Romance theme vowels; the theory in Oltra-Massuet & Arregi (2005) can account for their distribution – in the verbal domain, the language has two conjugation classes, which I will argue spell out little v, and are closely related to argument structure, espe- cially the causative alternation • Recent syntactic approaches to the causative alternation treat it as a Voice alterna- tion: – the causative and anticausative variants have the same vP (event) layer, but differ in the presence vs. absence of an external argument-introducing Voice head (e.g., Marantz 2013, Alexiadou et al. 2015, Wood 2015, Kastner 2016, 2017, 2018, Wood & Marantz 2017, Nie 2020, Tyler 2020). (1) a. The cup broke. Anticausative b. Mary broke the cup. Causative • I show that the causative alternation in Kipsigis cannot be (just) a Voice alterna- tion: (in)transitivity in the language is calculated at the little v level for most verbs that participate in the alternation. Roadmap: 2: Inflectional classes in Kipsigis 3: Theories of the causative alternation (with a focus on morphology) 4: More on the causative alternation in Kipsigis 5: The challenge for Voice theories 6: Conclusion 1 Maria Kouneli Theme vowels in VP structure 2 Inflectional classes in Kipsigis 2.1 Language background • Kipsigis is the major variety of Kalenjin, a dialect cluster of the Southern Nilotic branch of Nilo-Saharan.