Queen’s University, Belfast SYMPOSIUM: Language and Politics 23-25 August 2001 The EU and the Irish Language: Identity and Linguistic Diversity
a This article expresses the personal view of the author. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a The EU Communication System a a a a a a a a it can easily be solved by the use of English. I completely disagree a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Emma Bonino a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Language and Politics a a Euro 2 billion per year a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 72 a a 110 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a Die Zeit a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a English as a European lingua franca? a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a European identity a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Human Rights, language rights? a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a The Economist An inter-ethnic language a a a a a a a a a a a The concept of an inter-ethnic language as a viable option is as taboo in our society as was that of the market economy in the former Soviet Union. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a this language more precise than thought a a a a a a the Latin of democracy - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a priori a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a International Recognition a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a The European Parliament, and the Pope, show support 16 of the 18 Irish MEPs a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Urbi et Orbi a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Language Learning a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a month a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a a an introductory Esperanto course considerably improves the success of students in the study of foreign languages.”
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a in English a a a a a a a a a a a a Possibly the most significant finding was that the less linguistically talented a student was, the more he/she benefited from the preparatory Esperanto course. The potentially radical implications for the teaching of Irish in English-medium schools in Ireland are worth exploring, as it could give their first taste of success in language learning to thousands who have known only failure and discouragement. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Esperanto’s Irish Connections a a a a a a a a a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Chúirt an Mheán-Oíche The Midnight Court a a The Euro - “Esperanto money”? a a a a a a a a a a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a de facto a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a European, national and local identities a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a over 2 billion Euro a It has been estimated that those who know English and a Romance language, such as French or Latin, need only some 25 hours of study to gain a passive knowledge of Esperanto a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A More Democratic European Union a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
European Year of Languages 2001 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Comparison of 4 Systems of International Communication a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
ANNEX 2
have approximately the vowel sounds heard in Are thEre thrEE Or twO. like ts in tsetse-fly, bits; like y in yes. The sounds of and ǔ are heard in lee h , he g e, lo h , lei ure, lea h , and lee ay. A circumflex is normally used on those letters, but a h is also permissible. ESPERANTO is PHONETIC All letters sounded: one letter one sound. ACCENT or STRESS falls on the last syllable but one.
No IRREGULARITIES. No EXCEPTIONS.
THE GRAMMAR is based upon 16 FUNDAMENTAL RULES, which have no exceptions. THE PARTS OF SPEECH are formed from Root-Words by the addition of appropriate Letters. O is the ending for all names ADJECTIVES (descriptive A of things (NOUNS) words) end in fakt glu evident fresh NOUNS and ADJECTIVES form PLURALS by adding J evident long grand fakt distanc pian ( , sound as in ) THERE IS ONLY ONE DEFINITE ARTICLE, LA , AS IN ENGLISH.
Chu bel virin achet pilko por la infano char shi varm am sia infano ? Did the beautiful woman buy a ball for the children because she warmly loves her children?
THE SIMPLE VERB HAS ONLY 6 ENDINGS (but has 6 participles) INFINITIVE PRESENT PAST FUTURE CONDITIONAL IMPERATIVE
I AS IS OS US U ESTI estas estis estos estus estu LERNI lernas lernis lernos lernus lernu HELP helpas helpis helpos helpus helpu
N marks the ACCUSATIVE (direct object). ADVERBS end in E Mi (I) helpas li (him) energi Li (he) helpis mi (me) entuziasm Shi lernos Esperanto diligent Fal arbo: “a tree which is about to fall” Jes propono: “a proposal which is about to be accepted”
Word-building (endings plus 40 prefixes and suffixes) skrib to write bela beautiful amori to make love domo house skrib written bela ugly bovo bull dom o cottage skrib in writing ami to love bov o cow dom g o mansion skrib writing ami to hate bov o calf dom h o shack
A Note on Esperanto Etymology (Vilborg 1989) a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a situacio, fantazio, tragedio, demokratio, nacio, fenomeno, etimologio, imperio, teatro, televido, telefono, geografio, historio, biologio, elektroniko, politiko, kulturo, meriti, rezisti, parlamento. a a a afero blua fantomo, vojagho, fini, problemo, ministro, surprizo, komenco, admiri, diferenco. a a a a a a a a a French: sur, bela, seka, granda, fari, diri, iri, doni, tre, tro, chevalo, lundo, soifo. Latin: tamen, dum, post, inter, preter, sub, apud, urso,erinaco, amo, ansero, vespero. German: nur, nun, knabo, jaro, monato, tago, hela, shafo, shteli, trinki, hauto,hundo.. English: helpi, kisi, flirti, strechi, pushi, rajdi, fajro, boato, rusto, shipo, birdo, suno, lasta Polish: a a a a a a chu vi pra a a a a a a pilko a a celo a klopodi a a Russian: nepre a cherpi a krom (except) Italian: tavolo a korto, mezo Lithuanian: tuj a Ancient Greek: kaj a a kio?, tio, io, chio, nenio : a a kia?, tia, ia, chia, nenia : a a kie?, tie, ie, chie, nenie : kiu?, tiu, iu, chiu, neniu : a kiel?, tiel, iel, chiel, neniel a a kiam?, tiam, iam, chiam, neniam a a kial?, tial, ial, chial, nenial a a a kies?, ties, ies, chies, nenies : a kiom? tiom, iom, chiom, neniom a a a
Notes a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a tablo a tabulo a a tabelo a tavolo a trinki drinki a a sola a gesola a a ge a Geschwister a a a a gedormi a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bishop éveque a a obispo a a episkopo a episkopos a a a a a a a a a a a a a www.esperanto.net Inteligenta persono lernas la internacian lingvon rapide kaj facile. Esperanto estas la moderna, kultura lingvo por la internacia mondo. La simpla, praktika, fleksebla Esperanto estas la solvo de la problemo de ghenerala interkompreno. Esperanto meritas seriozan konsideron. a a a a a a a a a a
Bibliography a a a Gazeta Wyborcza a Esperanta Antologio: Poemoj 1887-1981 a a a a Nova Esperanta Krestomatio a Vojage au fil des mots a a Communication Internationale et Avenir des Langues et des Parlers en Europe. Antologio Latina (2 volumoj). a a a a a a a Esperanto a a a a Für Europas Mehrsprachigkeit/Por plurlingveco de E ǔropo a a a a Zamenhof - Creator of Esperanto a a a Langues Internationales a a a a a a a L’homme qui a défié Babel a a a a Communication Internationale et Avenir des Langues et des Parlers en Europe a a a a a a LPLP a a a a Language Problems and Language Planning (LPLP) a a Dulingve - pli simple a Fatal Words - Communication Clashes and Aircraft Crashes a a a a Esperanto en la Moderna Mondo/Esperanto in the Modern World a O a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ǔ a a Esperanto a a a a a a a History of European Ideas a Language Problems and Language Planning a a a Al Lingva Demokratio/Towards Linguistic Democracy/Vers la Démocratie Linguistique a a Sprachkybernetik a a a Aventuroj en Esperantujo ǔ a a a a a Li kaj Ni: Festlibro por la 80a naski ĝtago de Gaston Waringhien a a a a Lidia:The Life of Lidia Zamenhof, Daughter of Esperanto O a a a a a Quale <