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M o n d a y A f t e r n o o n / l u n d i a p r è s - m i d i

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  • 10: 00am – 12: 00nn
  • Building R (R1)

Libya in Modern Times (Part 1)

WOCMES Opening Ceremony

Chair: Hans-Georg Ebert, Universität

Leipzig

Messages of Greeting:
Günter Meyer, President of WOCMES
Jörg Michaelis, President of the Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz

Hans-Georg Ebert, Universität Leipzig:

Libya in Modern Times. Law and Society in a Contradictory Country

Almut Hinz, Universität Leipzig: The

Development of Matrimonial Law in Libya

Massimiliano Cricco, University of

Urbino: The Image of Qadhafi in the British and American Interpretations (1969–73)

Jens Beutel, Lord Mayor of the City of Mainz
Kurt Beck, Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate

Opening Speech:
HRH Prince Hassan Bin Talal, Amman
The Inter-religious Dialogue after September 11

Musical Performance by a Wind Quartet Faculty of Music, University of Mainz

Sebastian Maisel, Universität Leipzig:

The Libyan Bedouins
It is recommended to arrive early because security measures will very likely cause delays for entering the building. Bags will be searched and have to be deposited in a separate room outside of the lecture hall. Due to limited availability of seats in the lecture hall R1 the opening ceremony will also be transmitted by video into the lecture halls in Building M (Muschel).

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Hadith Criticism and the Virtual Hadith Aca- demy

Nürnberg / Gesellschaft für Arabisches

Chair: Betissa Schahabian, Tradigital

Stuttgart GmbH

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  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
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und Islamisches Recht: Islamic Law of Personal Status in German Courts – Principles of Islamic and Western Family Law in a Compara-tive Perspective

Jan Goldberg, St. Antony’s College,

Oxford: Legal Reception and Nineteenth Century Egyptian Legal History

Kilian Bälz, GLEISS LUTZ, Frankfurt a.

M./ Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht: Islamic Capital Markets and the Evolution of Transnational Rules of Islamic Finance

Sabine Grapentin, Nörr Stiefenhofer Lutz,

München/ Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht: Egyptian Trademark Law: Effects of the Reception of Foreign Laws in Egypt

Fêtes, célébrations, commémorations: des espaces et des temps dans le monde arabe (Part 1)

Timothy Winter, Cambridge University:

Hadith Studies on the World Wide Web: A Preliminary Survey

Abdallah Schleifer, American University

in Cairo: Restoring the Severed Link: A Return to the Scribal Source of High Islamic Culture Ali Gomaa, Al-Azhar University: Usul alHadith and the Virtual Hadith Aca-demy

Hermann Hörl, Tradigital Stuttgart GmbH:

The Fuad Typeface: A History of Digitising Arabic

Discussants: Faarid Gouverneur, Thesau-

rus Islamicus Foundation, Vaduz; Timo-

thy Winter, Cambridge University
Chairs: Myriam Ababsa-Al Husseini, CER-

MOC, Amman / URBAMA, Tours; Anna

Madoeuf, Université de Tours Myriam Ababsa-Al Husseini, CERMOC,

Amman / URBAMA Tours: Festivités politiques en Syrie: le cas des festivals du tourisme et de la culture

Hicham Dakhama Bennani, EHESS, Paris:

Les affirmations émotives des appartenances lors des pélerinages juifs au Maroc

Anna Madoeuf, Université de Tours: La

fête: un horizon dans la ville. Espaces et temps de melid-s du Caire

  • 003
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P104
  • 006
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • R2

Delphine Pagès-El Karoui, INALCO, Paris:

Le mouled de Sayyed al-Badawi: modes d’organisation spatiale et production d’une identité urbaine pour Tanta

Les Iraniens de Berlin et la modernité (1916–1925)
International Migration and the MENA Region

Chair: Oliver Bast, University of Manchester

Chair: Hans Günter Brauch, OSI, Free Uni-

versity of Berlin and Peace Research and European Security Stu-dies (AFES- PRESS), Mosbach

  • 002
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P4

Keivandokht Ghahari, Universität zu Köln:

The Reflections of Iranian Nationalists, Taqizadeh and Iranshahr, on the „Adaption of the European Civilisation“

Oliver Bast, University of Manchester:

Nationalisme romantique contre nationalisme pragmatique: Les Iraniens de Berlin et le gouvernement de Téhéran (1918–1920)

Islamic Law in a Comparative Perspective (Part 1)

Béatrice Knerr, Nadim Zaqqa, University of

Kassel: Economic Costs and Benefits of Human Capital Migration from Jordan
Chair: Kilian Bälz, GLEISS LUTZ, Frank-

furt a. M./ Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht

Mathias Rohe, Universität Erlangen-

M o n d a y A f t e r n o o n / l u n d i a p r è s - m i d i

Victoria Mason, Curtin University of Tech-

nology: The Politics of Exile: The Reconstruction of the Palestine Community by Palestinians from Kuwait who Relocated to Austria and Britain after the Gulf War

Discussant: Hans Günter Brauch, OSI,

Free University of Berlin and Peace Research and European Security Studies (AFES-PRESS), Mosbach

  • 009
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm M2
  • 011
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P12

  • Environment (Part 1)
  • Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and

the CIS

Chair: Hanne Kristine Adriansen, Centre

for Development Research, Copenhagen

Organized by Raoul Motika, Ruhr-Uni-

versität Bochum / Universität Heidelberg
Yilmaz Ari, University of Balikesir: Resident Peoples and Conservation in Turkey’s National Parks

Homa Haji Alimohammadi, Cultural Heri-

tage Organization, Tehran: The Role of Iranian Rural Women in Economic Systems (Bio-environment: Northern Forests of Iran)

Vincent Battesti, CEDEJ, Cairo: Les

inventions des natures jardinières arabo-musulmanes

Mahir Fisunoglu, Cukurova University,

Adana: Economical Perspective for Water Resources between Turkey and Syria-Iraq

Chair: Stefan Reichmuth, Ruhr-Universität

Bochum

  • 007
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P205

Nadide Batin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum:

Islamic Education and Islamic Tradition in Kyrgyzstan

Christine Hunner, Ruhr-Universität

Bochum: Institutional Islamic Religious Education in Azerbaijan

Raoul Motika, Ruhr-Universität Bochum/

Universität Heidelberg: Is There an Islamic Cultural Policy of Turkey in the Former Socialist Countries?

Discussant: Anke von Kügelgen, Universi-

tät Bern

Mathematics and Astronomy in the Middle East (Part 1)

Chair: Harald Gropp, Universität Heidelberg

Sami Chalhoub, IHAS Aleppo University:

The Influence of „Al-Zij al-Sabi„ from AlBattani on the Middle Age Astro-nomy

Mehri Bagheri, Tabriz University: Astro-

nomical Data in a Middle Persian Text

Sonja Brentjes, IGN, Johann-Wolfgang-

Goethe Universität, Frankfurt a. M.: Teaching Mathematics and Astronomy During the Reign of the Ayyubids and Mamluks (12th–16th Centuries)

  • 010
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • M3

  • 012
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • M1

Le Caire médiéval: Approche pluridiscipli-

  • naire d’un espace urbain
  • Foreign Policy, Inner-Regional Relations

and the Process of Globalization (Part 1)

Organized by Julien Loiseau, IFAO, Le

Caire

  • 008
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P3

Chair: Isabelle Ginor, The Hebrew Uni-

versity of Jerusalem

State and Society: Power and Identity

Chair: Ayman Fuad Sayyid, IFAO, Le

Caire

Elahe Koolaee, University of Tehran: In

the Name of God: Iran’s Foreign Policy toward Central Asia

Chair: Sharif S. Elmusa, American Uni-

versity in Cairo

Sylvie Denoix, CNRS-IREMAM, Aix-en-

Provence: De la constitution d’un «espace de représentation». Con-struction monumentales, lieux de pouvoir et circuits princiers dans le Caire mamelouk

Julien Loiseau, IFAO, Le Caire: Pratiques

funéraires et espace politique au Caire sous les sultans mamlouks

Stéphane Pradines, IFAO, Le Caire: Les

fouilles de la muraille ayyoubide du Caire et l’étude d’un quartier intramuros

Ayman Fuad Sayyid, IFAO, Le Caire: La

reconstitution du Caire d’après les sources écrites

Elie Podeh, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Onn Winckler, University of

Haifa: The Boycott that Never Was: Egypt in the Arab World, 1979–89

Emma Jórum, University of Uppsala:

Hatay-Syrian and Turkish Policies

Bedriye Poyraz, Ankara University: The

Reflection of Turkey-Israel Relations in Turkish News Media in the Framework of Globalisation and Regionalisation

Sean Anthony, American University in

Cairo: State Patronage and Christian Migration from Lebanon and Palestine: a Comparison

Keem Schultz Fares, American University

in Cairo: Displaced for Development: Indigenous Responses to Forced Migration and Hydroelectric Dams in Egypt and Chile

Sanaa Makhlouf, American University in

Cairo: The Politicization of Identity

Farhang Ershad, Shaid Chamran Univer-

sity, Ahwaz: The Impacts of the „Political Clan System“ on the Socio-historical Transformation of Iranian Society

Discussant: Michael J. Reimer, American

University in Cairo

  • 013
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • A

Organising Urban Spaces (Part 1)

Discussant: Christian Velud, IFAO, Le

Caire

Farida Naceur, University of Biskra:

District Associations in Algeria

Brahamia Née Boufenara Khedidja, Univer-

sité de Annaba: Les espaces urbaines marginalisées à Annaba après l’indépendance

M o n d a y A f t e r n o o n / l u n d i a p r è s - m i d i

Hitoshi Suzuki, Institute of Developing

Economies, Chiba: Structural Changes in Iranian Society after the Revolution

Djouadi Chafiaa, Université de Montpel-

lier III: Le partenariat euro-médi-terranéen, un moyen de lutter contre la crise de logement en Algérie

  • 016
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P10
  • 019
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm P1

  • Women in Arab Societies (Part 1)
  • Tradition, Mass Culture and Social Change

in the Arab World

Fatma Al-Sayegh, University Al Ain:

Women of the UAE

Souad-Saloha Bakalti: Femme Tuni-
Ratiba Hadj-Moussa, York University,

Toronto: Common Loci and New Media:

  • Public Space in Algeria
  • sienne: Les chemins de l’indépendance

de la colonisation à nos jours

Claudia Kickinger, University of Vienna:

The Impact of Modern Forms of Education and Communication on SemiNomadic Communities in Syria

Elisa Pierandrei, American University in Cairo; Peggy Bieber-Roberts, American

University in Cairo: Cafe Riche’s Collective Memories of Egypt’s Cultural Elites from 1950–1970

  • 014
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P105

Michele Bertani, University of Padua; Mariangela Treppete, Grim-University:

Forgotten Women: Prostitution and Social Representation of Immigrants with Muslim Origin

Delia Cortese, Middlesex University, Lon-

don: Disclosing the Hidden: Women and Court Life in the Fatimid Period

Middle Eastern Christians in Past and Pre- sent (Part 1)

Taras Kobishchanov, Moscow State Uni-

versity: Christian Communities in the Socio-Political Life of Ottoman Egypt (XVI- End of the XVIII Centuries)

Habibeh Rahim, St. John’s University:

Two Paths and One Supreme: Buil-ding Bridges with the Spiritual Discourse of Attar (Muslim) and Bunyan (Christian) Abe Ata, University of Melbourne / Parade College Melbourne: Intermarriage between Palestinian Christians and Muslims

Abdulrahman Al-Salmi, Ministry of Awqaf

and Religious Affairs, Muscat: Christianity in the Gulf-Cooperation Countries (GCC) between its Existence and its Religious Institutions

Hossein Godazgar, University of Tabriz:

Iran and Social Change, with Special Reference to Education

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  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P102

Ottoman Bilad al-Sham (Part 1)

  • 020
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P207

Organized by Eugene Rogan, Oxford Uni-

versity

Écriture et calligraphie dans la culture isla- mique médiévale et moderne (Part 1)

  • Chair: Houari Touati, EHESS, Paris
  • Chair: Randi Deguilhem, CNRS, IRE-

MAM/MMSH, Aix-en-Provence

Abdallah Cheikh-Moussa, Université de

Paris-IV: Écriture et calligraphie à l’époque abbasside

Houari Touati, EHESS, Paris: La calligra-

phie et le collectionisme islamique médiéval
Jens Hanssen, University of Toronto / Universität Erlangen: Intermediaries of Empire: the Urban Notables Paradigm Reconsidered

Eugene Rogan, Oxford University: Mik-

hayil Mishaqa and the Reconstruction of Damascus, 1859–1870

  • 015
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • N6

Françoise Micheau, Université de Paris-

III: À propos du livre de la

Ancient Egypt (Part 1)

Yaron Harel, Bar Ilan University: The

Question of Citizenship of the AlgerianJewish Immigrants in Damascus: Between Jews and Muslims (1839–1900) thériaque: calligraphie et savoir médical au XIIIe Siècle

Organized by Martin Ziermann, Universi-

tät zu Köln

Chair: Olaf Bubenzer, Universität zu Köln

  • 021
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P208

Olaf Bubenzer, Universität zu Köln: Natu-

ral Landscape and Climate from 5000– 2000 B. C. – A Reconstruction

Michael Herb, Universität zu Köln: The

Nile Landscape and the Economic Situation of the Old Kingdom (3.000 – 2.000 B. C.)

Martin Ziermann, Universität zu Köln:

Ancient Egypt: Architecture and Town-Planning in the Third Millenium BC (3000–2000 B. C.)

  • 018
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P103

Les migrations à Istanbul (de l’époque otto- mane à la Turquie contemporaine)
Real-Life Literacies in the Maghreb: Con- text as the Key to Learning in Tunisia and Morocco (Part 1)

Organized by Sylvie Gangloff, IFEA, Istanbul; Isik Tamdogan-Abel, IFEA, Istan-

bul
Chair: Laura Rice, Oregon State University

Chair: Jean-François Pérouse, IFEA,

Istanbul

Salem Mekki, Programme National

d’Enseignement pour Adultes en Tunisie: Le Programme National d’Enseignement pour Adultes en Tunisie: Objectifs et Stratégie

Mohamed Bachouch, CERES, Tunis:

Stratégies éducatives et projets d’avenir des familles tunisiennes „aisées“

Karim Hamdy, Oregon State University:

Environmental Literacy through Myth, Stories, and Proverbs in Tunisia

Sylvie Gangloff, IFEA, Istanbul: Migra-

tions balkaniques à Istanbul: Présence dans le paysage stambouliote actuel

Jean-François Pérouse, IFEA, Istanbul:

Un village de Tunceli transporté à Istanbul: Le cas de Akpinar

Isik Tamdogan-Abel, IFEA, Istanbul: Le

travail des bateliers albanais ou bosniaques à Istanbul au XVIIIème siècle

Discussant: Rafed El-Sayed, Universität

zu Köln

M o n d a y A f t e r n o o n / l u n d i a p r è s - m i d i

Tanja Özdogru, Bundesamt für Verfas-

sungsschutz: Islamische Organisationen und innere Sicherheit

  • 026A 4: 30pm – 6: 30pm
  • R1

Oguz Ücüncü, IGMG, Köln: Islamische

Organisationen im Spannungsfeld von Selbstwahrnehmung, öffentlicher Wahrnehmung und innerer Sicherheit

Keynote Address
Dale F. Eickelman, Dartmouth College:

Social Science under Siege

Chair: Annelies Moors, University of Amsterdam

  • 026
  • 4: 30pm – 6: 30pm
  • P204

Libya in Modern Times (Part 2)

  • 022
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P5
  • 024
  • 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm
  • P13

Chair: Hans-Georg Ebert, Universität

Leipzig

Urban Development in Mediterranean Countries between Best Practice and Self- Help Building
Région et régionalisation au Maghreb (Part 1)

Judith Ronen, Bar Ilan University: Libya’s Diplomatic Success in Africa: The Reemergence of Qadhafi on the International Stage

Konrad Schliephake, Universität Würz-

burg: Nationale Resources and their Valorisation – Libya’s specific experiences

Eduard Gombar, Charles University, Prag:

Libya in the Process of Transformation Ines Kohl, University of Vienna: Desert Tourism in Libya: Consequences, Impacts and Local Perception. A Fieldstudy in the Southwestern Oasis Ghat

Chair: Mohamed Berriane, ANAGEM,

  • Rabat
  • Chair: Anna Gilibert, Politecnico di Torino

Marcello D’Anselmo, Università „G.

D’Annunzio“, Pescara: Tripoli: Between Past and Present

Micara Ludovico, Università „G. D’Annun-

zio“, Pescara: Ghadames – House and Urban Fabric in a Town-Oasis of Central Libya

Corrado Minervini, Politecnico di Torino:

Vernacular Architecture: A Bit of Criticism and Analysis, Some Experiences and Proposals in the South Mediterranean Countries

Mohamed Berriane, ANAGEM, Rabat:

Région et régionalisation au Maroc

Abdellah Laouina, Université Mohammed

V, Rabat: Les découpages agroenvironnementaux du Maroc et leur pertinence pour l’aménagement du territoire Aziz Iraki, Institut National d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme, Rabat: Équipements et infrastructures en milieu rural: Territoires et gouvernance

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    ’15 Annual Report Das Programm des Bruno Kreisky Forums für internationalen Dialog wird mit Unterstützung der Stadt Wien, der Republik Österreich, der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank, der Karl Kahane Stiftung und privater Sponsoren realisiert. Wir bedanken uns. Inhalt 5 FOREWORD 7 KALENDARIUM 2015 14 JAHRESTHEMA 2015 14 FUNDAMENTALISMUS UND MODERNE 18 LECTURE SERIES 18 AFRICA. Dimensions of a Continent 20 ARAB CHANGES 23 DEMOKRATIE RELOADED 28 DIASPOR A. Erkundungen eines Lebensmodells 30 DIE KRISE DER AUFKLÄRUNG 31 FRANZ VRANITZKY LECTURES 32 GENIAL DAGEGEN 45 BETWEEN REALPOLITIK AND PROPAGANDA: Assessing Russia’s Global Reach 47 TALKING FOR PEACE. A Karl Kahane Lecture Series 48 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFLICT RESOLU- TION 50 BUCHPRÄSENTATIONEN 50 ÖRTLICHE GLEICHGÜLTIGKEIT 51 ÄNDERE DIE WELT! WARUM WIR DIE KANNIBALISCHE WELTORDNUNG STÜRZEN MÜSSEN 52 AUS EUCH WIRD NIE WAS 53 PUBLIC DEBATES 53 PEACE VISIONS TO THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT – Partions and its Alter- natives 58 RETHINKING THE POLITICS OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE – Partions and its Alternatives 59 TOWARDS A EUROPEAN PEACE INITIATIVE 60 EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL: A New Path for Irael-Palestine? 64 ROUNDTABLES AND SEMINARS 64 ALTERNATIVES TO PARTITION 2.0 67 ALTERNATIVES TO PARTITION 2.2 – A Feminist Perspective 68 ARAB | JEWISH ENGAGEMENTS 1 ARAB | JEWISH ENGAGEMENTS 2 69 EUROPE AT RISK 79 VIENNA CONVERSATIONS 1 80 VIENNA CONVERSATIONS 2 ADVISORIY GROUP MEETING 1989–2015: WOMEN IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES 82 CONFERENCES 82 1989–2015 WOMEN IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES 85 PREISVERLEIHUNGEN 85 BRUNO KREISKY PREIS FÜR DAS POLITISCHE BUCH 2015 90 BRUNO KREISKY PREIS FÜR VERDIENSTE UM DIE MENSCHENRECHTE 99 VERLEIHUNG DES GROSSEN EHRENZEICHEN FÜR VERDIENSTE UM DIE REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH an Generalsekretärin Gertraud Auer Boread’Olmo 100 BRUNO KREISKY FORUM FÜR INTERNATIONALEN DIALOG 104 IMPRESSUM FOR EWOR D 2015: The (first) ten plus one years.
  • (Title of the Thesis)*

    (Title of the Thesis)*

    University of Huddersfield Repository Hbiesh, Nagma An Investigation of the Dynamic Relationship between Tourism Expenditure and Non-Oil Growth with the Planning of a Blue Ocean Strategy: The Case of Libya Original Citation Hbiesh, Nagma (2017) An Investigation of the Dynamic Relationship between Tourism Expenditure and Non-Oil Growth with the Planning of a Blue Ocean Strategy: The Case of Libya. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34588/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ An Investigation of the Dynamic Relationship between Tourism Expenditure and Non-Oil Growth with the Planning of a Blue Ocean Strategy: The Case of Libya NAGMA AHMAD R. HBEISH A thesis submitted to the University of Huddersfield in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
  • Marketing Libya As a Tourist Destination: Strategies for Development

    Marketing Libya As a Tourist Destination: Strategies for Development

    MARKETING LIBYA AS A TOURIST DESTINATION: STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT Atiya Abuharris and Les Ruddock Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment, University of Salford Manchester, M7 9NU UK E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Although Libya is not a tourism-dependent country, this activity could become one of the most important sectors for the Libyan economy and its importance for the country's development is increasing year by year. The national economy, which for so many years has been bolstered by the oil factor, could clearly benefit from this growth in tourism. Tourism as a recognized industry in the world is relatively recent, and in Libya is a young country. Libya has the potential to become one of the most attractive places for tourists in North Africa. However, in order for Libya to fully exploit this tourism potential, there are several important issues to consider. The paper will be concerned with important issues regarding the development of the sector. It analyses the opportunities and challenges with which Libya’s international tourism is confronted as well as suggests the choices of policies and strategies Libya should undertake for its tourism development in the shadow of the country’s new orientations to reduce its economic dependency on oil revenue. Keywords : Tourism, Libya, challenges, opportunities, planning, development. INTRODUCTION Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and, in several countries tourism has replaced oil at the top of the list in terms of foreign currency movements. In fact international tourism is an important part of trade in services, whose development has attracted the attention of the world community.
  • Landesbank Rheinland-Pfalz

    Landesbank Rheinland-Pfalz

    http://www.oblible.comOFFERING MEMORANDUM U.S.$ 300,000,000 LANDESBANK RHEINLAND-PFALZ LANDESBANK RHEINLAND-PFALZ - GIROZENTRALE - (established under Public Law of the State of Rheinland-Pfalz, a State of the Federal Republic of Germany) STEP-UP GLOBAL SUBORDINATED BONDS DUE 2028 Interest payable February 23 and &@ust 23 The Step-Up Global Subordinated Bonds due 2028 (the “Global Bonds”), in the aggregate principal amount of U.S.$300,000,000, will be issued by Landesbank Rheinland-PfaZz -GiroaentraZe- (the ‘Zandesbank”). The Global Bonds will bear interest from and including February 23, 1998 until and including February 22, 2000 at the rate of 5% per annum and from and including February 23, 2000 at the rate of ‘67’s% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 23 and August 23 of each year commencing on August 23, 1998. Payments with respect to the Global Bonds are to be made by the Landesbank in the legal tender of the United States of America (the “U.S. doZZar”) and without deduction of German withholding taxes, unless otherwise required by law. See “Terms and Conditions of the Global Bonds - Payments”. Initially, the Global Bonds will represent senior obligations of the Landesbank. The Landesbank may, at its option, at any time, convert the Global Bonds into subordinated obligations of the Landesbank. The Landesbank currently expects that such conversion will take place within six months afer the date of issueof the GZobal Bonds. Upon such conversion the Global Bonds will represent direct, unconditional, unsecured and subordinated obligations of the Landesbank. The Global Bonds will rank pari possu and without any preference among themselves and pari passu with all other unsecured subordinated obligations Ofthe Landesbank.
  • The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels

    The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels

    The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels Pshtiwan Faraj Mohammed A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Arts and Humanities Brunel University London November 2015 Abstract This thesis explores representation of the Iraq War in selected Anglo-American and Iraqi novels, examining how several authors have employed this theme in their narratives. The featured novelists are chosen from many writers who focus their efforts and their writing on this conflict. Criterion for selection included offering a critique of the diverse perspectives from which the conflict was perceived, the texts‘ engagement with the political conundrums underpinning war and its approach, how such fiction engages with a contemporary audience and what perspective are deployed to do so. Their public visibility provides the basis of one interpretative strand of the thesis. This study also explores and conceptualises how this conflict has entered the cultural consciousness and to what degree the novels fictionalise the conflict as their main subject, and assesses through which thematic emphases. The texts chosen and to be analysed are pivotal to our understanding of contemporary Iraq and its recent history. It will be argued that the thematic content of these texts contextualise modern war‘s multiple effects within not only the fictional textual world, but as well as their imaginative characters these representations become part of the experience at least vicariously of the audiences who read them. The texts discussed in subsequent chapters are either originally written in, or translated into English (for publication), and therefore all available in English, one major criterion of textual selection.
  • UNHCR's ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES for ASSESSING THE

    UNHCR's ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES for ASSESSING THE

    UNHCR’s ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF IRAQI ASYLUM-SEEKERS This report has been produced by UNHCR on the basis of information obtained from a variety of publicly available sources, analyses and comments, as well as from information received by UNHCR staff or staff of implementing partners in Iraq. The report is primarily intended for those involved in the asylum determination process, and concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum claims lodged in various jurisdictions. The information contained does not purport to be either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed nor conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The inclusion of third party information or views in this report does not constitute an endorsement by UNHCR of this information or views. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Geneva August 2007 1 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................9 A. Current Situation in Iraq....................................................................................... 9 B. Summary of Main Groups Perpetrating Violence and Groups at Risk ............ 9 1. Main Groups Practicing Violence............................................................................... 9 2. Main Groups at Risk ................................................................................................
  • National Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme (Imap) for Coast and Hydrography Indicators for Libya

    National Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme (Imap) for Coast and Hydrography Indicators for Libya

    NATIONAL INTEGRATED MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME (IMAP) FOR COAST AND HYDROGRAPHY INDICATORS FOR LIBYA Introduction: The coastline of Libya extends over 1,970 km and is characterized by its relative homogeneity since there is no marked differentiation of its topography and geomorphology. The seabed topography is also characterised by a relative homogeneity with a gradual extension of the continental shelf covering a surface area of about 65,000 km2. The population of Libya was estimated in 2013 at 6 million with a growth rate of 4.85% per annum. Most of Libya’s population is concentrated along the Mediterranean coast and around the country’s, oilfields, with a density population in the Tripoli and Benghazi areas estimated between 11 and 500 inhabitants per km². In 2013 it was estimated that agriculture accounted for 2% of GDP, industry accounted for 58.3%, and services accounted for 39.7%. Oil exports account for over 95% of Libya’s hard currency earnings. Since the discovery of oil in the 1950’s, this economic activity has rapidly expanded while the relative importance of agriculture has declined The hydrological conditions of the coastal region are dominated by three water mass layers. The surface layer, with low salinity is relatively poor in nutrient. It comes from the Atlantic, 1 crosses Gibraltar and moves eastwards. The intermediate layer with a maximum salinity of 38.75%o and a high nutrient level. It moves westward out of the Levantine Sea. The deep layer extends from below the intermediate layer (at a depth of >1000 m) to the bottom.