DOCSLIB.ORG

The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels The Representation of the Iraq War in Selected Anglo-American and Iraqi Novels Pshtiwan Faraj Mohammed A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Arts and Humanities Brunel University London November 2015 Abstract This thesis explores representation of the Iraq War in selected Anglo-American and Iraqi novels, examining how several authors have employed this theme in their narratives. The featured novelists are chosen from many writers who focus their efforts and their writing on this conflict. Criterion for selection included offering a critique of the diverse perspectives from which the conflict was perceived, the texts‘ engagement with the political conundrums underpinning war and its approach, how such fiction engages with a contemporary audience and what perspective are deployed to do so. Their public visibility provides the basis of one interpretative strand of the thesis. This study also explores and conceptualises how this conflict has entered the cultural consciousness and to what degree the novels fictionalise the conflict as their main subject, and assesses through which thematic emphases. The texts chosen and to be analysed are pivotal to our understanding of contemporary Iraq and its recent history. It will be argued that the thematic content of these texts contextualise modern war‘s multiple effects within not only the fictional textual world, but as well as their imaginative characters these representations become part of the experience at least vicariously of the audiences who read them. The texts discussed in subsequent chapters are either originally written in, or translated into English (for publication), and therefore all available in English, one major criterion of textual selection. It is interesting to examine the theme of the Iraq War and the historical and pragmatic vein and cultural point of reference from which authors write and has come to dominate the discourse of some contemporary novelists. The goal is to critically explore how the war has become a focal point and the framework of their narratives. The thesis will attempt to analyse how such novels depict the effects of political violence and why they are drawn to powerfully articulate the gruelling reality and experience of those fictionally engaged by and/or affected by it. It will be proposed that novels of and about this conflict are essential to study, understand, and engage with because of the content and the message they attempt to convey which is so crucial to understanding contemporary faultiness in socio-cultural histories, and the critical themes they utilize in writing and the dynamics through which they fictionalize their stories. Such fictional representations of this war serve an important societal, cultural, aesthetic and symbolic function. Thus the study encapsulates how novels of and about the Iraq War reveal and recapture the physical, psychological, and interpersonal losses that are felt by the civilians and military alike. 2 Contents Abstract...................................................................................................................................2 Contents...................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................5 Declaration..............................................................................................................................6 Dedication ...............................................................................................................................7 The representation of the Iraq War in selected Anglo-American and Iraqi novels Introduction...............................................................................................................................8 History and Development of Novel in Iraq..............................................................................17 History of Literary Criticism of the Iraq War Novels..............................................................26 Chapter One: Rethinking the Iraq War in Four British Novels; an Anti- Interventionist Discourse 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................44 1.2 Ian McEwen: Saturday (2005)...........................................................................................48 1.3 Jonathan Coe: The Closed Circle(2004).............................................................................54 1.4 Melissa Ben: One of Us (2008).........................................................................................61 1.5 Julia Jarman: Peace Weavers (2004)..................................................................................68 1.6 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................74 Chapter Two: The Iraq War in Selected Male Authored American Novels 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................77 2.2 Combat motivations of American soldiers in Iraq War......................................................81 2.3 Death of civilians or non-combatants.................................................................................91 2.4 Death of combatant and fighting peers...............................................................................99 2.5 Dehumanization and killing in combat............................................................................104 2.6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................110 Chapter Three: American Women’s Fictional Responses to the Iraq War 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................113 3.2 Women combatants as victims of Military Sexual Trauma in Helen Benedict‘s Sand Queen (2011)..........................................................................................................................114 3.3 Women as anti-war protesters in Rosalind Noonan‘s One September Morning(2009).......................................................................................................................122 3 3.4 Women as weapons of war and the reversion of Iraqi women‘s rights in Morgana Gallaway‘s The Nightingale(2009)........................................................................................128 3.5 Women as War Correspondent in Ilene Prusher‘s Baghdad Fixer(2012)........................135 3.6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................143 Chapter Four: The Iraq War in Selected Iraqi and Arab-Authored Novels 4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................144 4.2 Daily spectacles of violence in Baghdad, reconfiguring the concept of malice as a reduction of being: Sinan Antoon The Corpse Washer (2013)...............................................145 4.3 Us Versus Them mind-set and demonizing the other: Inaam Kachachi The American Granddaughter (2010)...........................................................................................................152 4.4 Abu Ghraib Prison torture and abuse, individual or state violence: Rodaan Al Galidi‘s Thirsty River(2009) and Inaam Kachachi‘s The American Granddaughter(2010)............................................................................................................155 4.5 The role of television and war images and their impacts on ordinary people: Iqbal Al- Qazwini‘s Zubaida’s Window (2008),Yasmina Khadra‘s The Sirens of Baghdad (2006) and The Corpse Washer.................................................................................................................159 4.6 Revenge, radicalization and terrorism: Yasmina Khadra‘s the Sirens of Baghdad (2006) ................................................................................................................................................167 4.7 Evil or autotelic violence: Rodaan Al Galidi‘s Thirsty River(2009)…............................175 4.8 Conclusion........................................................................................................................178 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................180 Bibliography.........................................................................................................................189 4 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the support, dedication, and mentorship of my advisor Professor Philip Tew, who was always wonderfully supportive when I needed his guidance. I am thankful for his constructive and valuable input. His advice allowed me to focus on key concepts and patterns through which I was able to critically evaluate the selected texts, for which I am indeed indebted. I thank him for transforming my life. I am grateful for the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research particularly the Human Capacity and Development Program (HCDP) that sponsored the tuition fee and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Balken-Programm Umbruch
    Monday Afternoon / lundi après-midi 10: 00am – 12: 00nn Building R (R1) 004 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm P204 Libya in Modern Times (Part 1) WOCMES Opening Ceremony Chair: Hans-Georg Ebert, Universität Messages of Greeting: Leipzig Günter Meyer, President of WOCMES Jörg Michaelis, President of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Hans-Georg Ebert, Universität Leipzig: Mainz Libya in Modern Times. Law and Jens Beutel, Lord Mayor of the City of Mainz Society in a Contradictory Country Kurt Beck, Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate Almut Hinz, Universität Leipzig: The Development of Matrimonial Law in Opening Speech: Libya HRH Prince Hassan Bin Talal, Amman Massimiliano Cricco, University of The Inter-religious Dialogue after September 11 Urbino: The Image of Qadhafi in the Bri- tish and American Interpretations Musical Performance by a Wind Quartet (1969–73) Faculty of Music, University of Mainz Sebastian Maisel, Universität Leipzig: The Libyan Bedouins It is recommended to arrive early because security measures will very likely cause delays for entering the building. Bags will be searched and have to be deposited in a separate room outside of the lecture hall. Due to limited availa- 005 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm P206 bility of seats in the lecture hall R1 the opening ceremony will also be transmit- ted by video into the lecture halls in Building M (Muschel). Hadith Criticism and the Virtual Hadith Aca- demy Nürnberg / Gesellschaft für Arabisches Chair: Betissa Schahabian, Tradigital 001 2: 00pm – 4: 00pm P106 und Islamisches Recht: Islamic Law of Stuttgart GmbH Personal Status in German Courts – Fêtes, célébrations, commémorations: des Principles of Islamic and Western Fam- Timothy Winter, Cambridge University: espaces et des temps dans le monde arabe ily Law in a Compara-tive Perspective Hadith Studies on the World Wide Web: (Part 1) Jan Goldberg, St.
    [Show full text]
  • The American University in Cairo Press
    TheThe AmericanAmerican 2009 UniversityUniversity inin Cairo Cairo PressPress Complete Catalog Fall The American University in Cairo Press, recognized “The American University in Cairo Press is the Arab as the leading English-language publisher in the region, world’s top foreign-language publishing house. It has currently offers a backlist of more than 1000 publica- transformed itself into one of the leading players in tions and publishes annually up to 100 wide-ranging the dialog between East and West, and has produced academic texts and general interest books on ancient a canon of Arabic literature in translation unmatched and modern Egypt and the Middle East, as well as in depth and quality by any publishing house in the Arabic literature in translation, most notably the works world.” of Egypt’s Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz. —Egypt Today New Publications 9 Marfleet/El Mahdi Egypt: Moment of Change 22 Abdel-Hakim/Manley Traveling through the 10 Masud et al. Islam and Modernity Deserts of Egypt 14 McNamara The Hashemites 28 Abu Golayyel A Dog with No Tail 23 Mehdawy/Hussein The Pharaoh’s Kitchen 31 Alaidy Being Abbas el Abd 15 Moginet Writing Arabic 2 Arnold The Monuments of Egypt 30 Mustafa Contemporary Iraqi Fiction 31 Aslan The Heron 8 Naguib Women, Water, and Memory 29 Bader Papa Sartre 20 O’Kane The Illustrated Guide to the Museum 9 Bayat Life as Politics of Islamic Art 13 al-Berry Life is More Beautiful than Paradise 2 Ratnagar The Timeline History of Ancient Egypt 15 Bloom/Blair Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art 33 Roberts, R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • News Harvard University
    THE CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES, NEWS HARVARD UNIVERSITY SPRING 2015 1 LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR A message from William Granara 2 SHIFTING TOWARDS THE ARABIAN PENINSULA Announcing a new lecture series 3 NEWS AND NOTES Updates from faculty, students and visiting researchers 12 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS Spring lectures, workshops, and conferences LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR SPRING 2015 HIGHLIGHTS I’M HAPPY TO REPORT THAT WE ARE DRAWING TO THE CLOSE OF AN ACADEMIC YEAR FULL OF ACTIVITY. CMES was honored to host a considerable number of outstanding lectures this year by eminent scholars from throughout the U.S. as well as from the Middle East and Europe. I mention only a few highlights below. Our new Middle Eastern Literatures initiative was advanced by several events: campus visits by Arab novelists Mai Nakib (Kuwait), Ahmed Khaled Towfik (Egypt), and Ali Bader (Iraq); academic lectures by a range of literary scholars including Hannan Hever (Yale) on Zionist literature and Sheida Dayani (NYU) on contemporary Persian theater; and a highly successful seminar on intersections between Arabic and Turkish literatures held at Bilgi University in Istanbul, which included our own Professor Cemal Kafadar, several of our graduate students, and myself. In early April, CMES along with two Harvard Iranian student groups hosted the first Harvard Iranian Gala, which featured a lecture by Professor Abbas Milani of Stanford University and was attended by over one hundred guests from the broader Boston Iranian community. Also in April, CMES co-sponsored an international multilingual conference on The Thousand and One Nights with INALCO, Paris. Our new Arabian Peninsula Studies Lecture Series was inaugurated with a lecture by Professor David Commins of Dickinson College, and we are happy to report that this series will continue in both the fall and spring semesters of next year thanks to the generous support of CMES alumni.
    [Show full text]
  • On Dictatorship, Literature and the Coming Revolution: Regime and Novels in Iraq 1995-2003
    NIDABA AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES | LUND UNIVERSITY On Dictatorship, Literature and the Coming Revolution: Regime and Novels in Iraq 1995-2003 Ronen Zeidel UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA [email protected] The last years of the Saddam regime in Iraq are often described as the disintegration of the very pow- erful state as the result of the cumulative impact of wars and sanctions. Yet in one field, literature, the Saddam regime maintained a firmer grip during its last years. This article describes the regime’s politics with regard to literature and literary production, concentrating on the novel, in the period between 1995–2003. The article explains why the regime targeted the literary field before its doom and why it focused on the novel. Examining the Iraqi regime and its “eccentricity” during this period illuminates the control of the totalitarian Ba’ath dictatorship, and sheds a new light on the belated emergence of literary reaction, silently hatching during that period, in the form of a new literary generation that would revolutionize Iraqi cultural life after 2003. This revolution is often calledDeba‘athification and only its political and bureaucratic aspects are given attention. This article is, thus, about the cultural background of deba‘athification. Keywords: Iraq; literature; totalitarianism; cultural revolution ON DICTATORSHIP, LITERATURE AND THE COMING REVOLUTION: REGIME AND NOVELS IN IRAQ 1995-2003 63 INTRODUCTION Caiani and Catherine Cobham’s (2013), The Iraqi Novel: Key Writers, Key Texts. This book is not fo- The last years of the Saddam Hussein’s regime cused on the 1990s and is more interested in the style in Iraq are often described as the disintegration of and literary value of key texts than in the context a very strong and monolithic state as the result of of their publication or the discourse they produce.
    [Show full text]
  • American War Fiction from Vietnam to Iraq Elizabeth Eggert Macalester College, [email protected]
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College English Honors Projects English Department 2018 Shifting Binaries: American War Fiction from Vietnam to Iraq Elizabeth Eggert Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/english_honors Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Eggert, Elizabeth, "Shifting Binaries: American War Fiction from Vietnam to Iraq" (2018). English Honors Projects. 42. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/english_honors/42 This Honors Project - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the English Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Shifting Binaries: American War Fiction from Vietnam to Iraq By Elizabeth Eggert Honors Thesis Presented to the Macalester College English Department Faculty Advisor: James Dawes April 5, 2018 Acknowledgements First and foremost, thank you to my advisor, Jim Dawes, for his support in the development, editing, and completion of this project. I would also like to thank Penelope Geng and Karin Aguilar-San Juan for the time they spent reading and commenting on this paper. Finally, I want to thank my family and friends for their support, encouragement, and listening during this lengthy process. Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One: The Boundaries of Empathy in The Things They Carried 11 Chapter Two: In the Lake of the Woods and Memory 22 Chapter Three: Solipsism and the Absent Enemy in The Yellow Birds 34 Chapter Four: Redeployment and the Limits of the War Novel 47 Conclusion 60 Eggert 1 Introduction Poet and Vietnam War veteran Yusef Komunyakaa’s poem “Missing in Action” is constructed around a binary of an ‘us’ versus a ‘them.’ The poem appears in Komunyakaa’s second full-length book of poetry, Dien Cai Dau1, which focused on his experiences serving in Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarantine Policy for Incoming Travellers Reviewed, Says
    QatarTribune Qatar_Tribune QatarTribuneChannel qatar_tribune WEDNESDAY JULY 22, 2020 DHU AL-HIJJAH 1, 1441 VOL.13 NO. 5005 QR 2 Fajr: 3:29 am Dhuhr: 11:40 am FINE Asr: 3:06 pm Maghrib: 6:26 pm HIGH : 42°C LOW : 33°C Isha: 7:56 pm Europe 8 Business 9 Sports 13 Pompeo urges ‘the entire Kuwari discusses Exciting contests in store world’ to stand up to trade ties with UK as QNB Stars League teams China during UK visit minister gear up for the restart Quarantine policy for incoming travellers reviewed, says GCO New travel policy ● People arriving from ● Travellers from of low-risk countries and in which low-risk countries low-risk countries there are no accredited COVID-19 comes into force testing centres will be required to Amir congratulates are required to take are required to sign quarantine in a hotel at their own from August 1 coronavirus test upon a formal pledge to expense for one week, provided that King of Belgium arrival at the airport adhere to quarantine the hotel accommodation is booked TRIBUNE NEWS NETWORK at home for a week through the “Discover Qatar” web- HIS Highness The Amir of State of Qatar DOHA ● List of low-risk countries site before arriving in Qatar. Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani on announced by the Civil ● Residents will be After a week, the status of the Tuesday sent a cable of congratulations AS part of the gradual lifting of Aviation Authority is allowed to return to quarantine period will depend on to HM King Philippe of the Kingdom of COVID-19 restrictions, Qatar has published on MoPH Qatar starting from the result of a COVID-19 test.
    [Show full text]
  • Walthall 1 Bill Walthall Professor J
    Walthall 1 Bill Walthall Professor J. Donica LIT 515: 20th Century American Literature October 16, 2016 The Yellow Birds: A Classic Modern ​ No experience of a literary work happens in a vacuum. As a reader, one is affected (and, in a sense, effected) by what has been read before. The writer is no different, taking his own history of reading and putting it into the context of his life experience to forge a new work. Wartime can become a crucible for such creation, as in modern American fiction from Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms though Slaughterhouse-Five by Vonnegut to O’Brien’s The ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Things They Carried. The combat experiences that help create the war novel can also destroy the ​ character within it. John Bartle, from Kevin Powers’ Iraq War novel The Yellow Birds, suffers ​ ​ from an unnamed mental condition that brings to mind posttraumatic stress disorder--PTSD. His unit-mates Sterling and Murphy suffer through the same Iraqi spring and summer of 2004, but while they succumb to suicides (active and passive, respectively), Bartle reaches the novel’s end alive and on the road to emotional recovery. In a text that draws upon Powers’ own experiences in the U.S. Army in Iraq, the narrator Bartle can be seen as Powers’ surrogate in a kind of bildungs-roman à clef, something of a cross between a coming-of-age story and a memoir with ​ only a shell of fictionalization around it. In a simple narrative reading of The Yellow Birds, ​ ​ Bartle’s descent into PTSD is chronicled, and his recovery is achieved by gaining geographical and temporal remove from the war; in a more nuanced reading of the novel, however, Powers’ metafictional use of nonlinear structure and present-tense insertions, along with his intertextual Walthall 2 allusions--to works from authors as varied as Melville, Vonnegut, and Shakespeare--make the literary experience one of not merely character recovery, but authorial healing as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Sona Grigoryan Supervisor: Aziz Al-Azmeh
    Doctoral Dissertation POETICS OF AMBIVALENCE IN AL-MA‘ARRĪ’S LUZŪMĪYĀT AND THE QUESTION OF FREETHINKING by Sona Grigoryan Supervisor: Aziz Al-Azmeh Submitted to the Medieval Studies Department, Central European University, Budapest In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection Budapest 2018 TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. iv List of Abbreviations................................................................................................................................. v Some Matters of Usage ............................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Al-Ma‘arrī-an Intriguing Figure ........................................................................................................ 1 2. The Aim and Focus of the Thesis ....................................................................................................... 4 3. Working Material ............................................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 1. AL-MA‘ARRĪ AND HIS CONTEXT ............................................................................... 15 1.1. Historical Setting
    [Show full text]
  • '15Annual Report
    ’15 Annual Report Das Programm des Bruno Kreisky Forums für internationalen Dialog wird mit Unterstützung der Stadt Wien, der Republik Österreich, der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank, der Karl Kahane Stiftung und privater Sponsoren realisiert. Wir bedanken uns. Inhalt 5 FOREWORD 7 KALENDARIUM 2015 14 JAHRESTHEMA 2015 14 FUNDAMENTALISMUS UND MODERNE 18 LECTURE SERIES 18 AFRICA. Dimensions of a Continent 20 ARAB CHANGES 23 DEMOKRATIE RELOADED 28 DIASPOR A. Erkundungen eines Lebensmodells 30 DIE KRISE DER AUFKLÄRUNG 31 FRANZ VRANITZKY LECTURES 32 GENIAL DAGEGEN 45 BETWEEN REALPOLITIK AND PROPAGANDA: Assessing Russia’s Global Reach 47 TALKING FOR PEACE. A Karl Kahane Lecture Series 48 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFLICT RESOLU- TION 50 BUCHPRÄSENTATIONEN 50 ÖRTLICHE GLEICHGÜLTIGKEIT 51 ÄNDERE DIE WELT! WARUM WIR DIE KANNIBALISCHE WELTORDNUNG STÜRZEN MÜSSEN 52 AUS EUCH WIRD NIE WAS 53 PUBLIC DEBATES 53 PEACE VISIONS TO THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT – Partions and its Alter- natives 58 RETHINKING THE POLITICS OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE – Partions and its Alternatives 59 TOWARDS A EUROPEAN PEACE INITIATIVE 60 EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL: A New Path for Irael-Palestine? 64 ROUNDTABLES AND SEMINARS 64 ALTERNATIVES TO PARTITION 2.0 67 ALTERNATIVES TO PARTITION 2.2 – A Feminist Perspective 68 ARAB | JEWISH ENGAGEMENTS 1 ARAB | JEWISH ENGAGEMENTS 2 69 EUROPE AT RISK 79 VIENNA CONVERSATIONS 1 80 VIENNA CONVERSATIONS 2 ADVISORIY GROUP MEETING 1989–2015: WOMEN IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES 82 CONFERENCES 82 1989–2015 WOMEN IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES 85 PREISVERLEIHUNGEN 85 BRUNO KREISKY PREIS FÜR DAS POLITISCHE BUCH 2015 90 BRUNO KREISKY PREIS FÜR VERDIENSTE UM DIE MENSCHENRECHTE 99 VERLEIHUNG DES GROSSEN EHRENZEICHEN FÜR VERDIENSTE UM DIE REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH an Generalsekretärin Gertraud Auer Boread’Olmo 100 BRUNO KREISKY FORUM FÜR INTERNATIONALEN DIALOG 104 IMPRESSUM FOR EWOR D 2015: The (first) ten plus one years.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Suffered by Private John Bartle in Kevin Powers' the Yellow Birds
    POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SUFFERED BY PRIVATE JOHN BARTLE IN KEVIN POWERS' THE YELLOW BIRDS THESIS By: Faizal Yusuf Satriawan NIM 16320135 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2020 POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SUFFERED BY PRIVATE JOHN BARTLE IN KEVIN POWERS' THE YELLOW BIRDS THESIS Presented to Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) By: Faizal Yusuf Satriawan NIM 16320135 Advisor: Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd. NIP 19761011 201101 1005 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2020 ii STATEMENT OF RESEARCHER SHIP I state that the thesis entitled "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Suffered by Private John Bartle in Kevin Powers' The Yellow Birds" is my original work. I do not include any materials previously written or published by another person, except those ones that are cited as references and written in the bibliography. Hereby, if there is an objection or claim, I am the only person who is responsible for that. Malang, June 19th 2020 The Researcher Faizal Yusuf Satriawan. NIM 16320135 iii APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that Faizal Yusuf Satriawan's thesis entitled Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Suffered by Private John Bartle in Kevin Powers' The Yellow Birds has been approved for thesis examination at the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.). Malang, June 19th 2020 Approved by Advisor, Head of Department of English Literature, Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd.
    [Show full text]
  • The Translation of Metaphor from Arabic to English in Selected Poems of the Famous Palestinian Poet, Mahmoud Darwish
    i THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR FROM ARABIC TO ENGLISH IN SELECTED POEMS OF MAHMOUD DARWISH WITH A FOCUS ON LINGUISTIC ISSUES Mohd Nour Al Salem Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Centre for Translation Studies School of Languages, Cultures and Societies August 2014 ii Copyright The candidate confirms that this work is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. The copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2014 “The University of Leeds” Mohd Nour Al Salem iii Dedication To my mother, wife, and children as the metaphors for every beautiful aspect in my life iv Acknowledgements My deep gratitude is due to my supervisor Professor James Dickins for his continued support and guidance during the research. He gave me a lot of his precious time and unfailing encouragement. His wise judgement was necessary in each section of the study. Special thanks go to Mohammad Bataineh for his help in writing great parts of the proposal. v ABSTRACT MOHD NOUR AL SALEM 2014 THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR FROM ARABIC TO ENGLISH IN SELECTED POEMS OF MAHMOUD DARWISH WITH A FOCUS ON LINGUISTIC ISSUES The translation of Arabic literature into English is a wide field of study. The present study focuses only on one aspect - the translation of metaphor in selected poems of Mahmoud Darwish. Arabic is widely known as a strongly metaphorical language, and Darwish’s poems as part of Arabic literature hold many embedded meanings and metaphors that play a major role in building up their artistic flavour.
    [Show full text]
  • Selling Justice Short
    Selling Justice Short Why Accountability Matters for Peace Copyright © 2009 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-508-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org July 2009 1-56432-508-3 Selling Justice Short Why Accountability Matters for Peace I. Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. State of the Law ............................................................................................................10 A. The obligation in international law to prosecute serious international crimes ............ 10 B. No amnesty for the most serious crimes .................................................................... 14 Part One: In the Heat of the Moment: Justice Issues during Peace Talks III. Marginalization ........................................................................................................... 18 A.
    [Show full text]