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Frank & Timme the World Facing Israel – Israel Facing the World

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Frank & Timme the World Facing Israel – Israel Facing the World The World facing Israel – Israel facing the World Images and Politics Alfred Wittstock (ed.) Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Alfred Wittstock (ed.) The World facing Israel – Israel facing the World Alfred Wittstock (ed.) The World facing Israel – Israel facing the World Images and Politics Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Umschlaggestaltung: nach einer Idee von Lionel Wittstock LW ISBN 978-3-86596-355-0 © Frank & Timme GmbH Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Berlin 2011. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Das Werk einschließlich aller Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechts- gesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikro­­verfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Ver arbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Herstellung durch das atelier eilenberger, Taucha bei Leipzig. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. www.frank-timme.de CONTENTS KURT BECK ....................................................................................................................... 7 JOACHIM MERTES ........................................................................................................... 9 ALFRED WITTSTOCK Foreword............................................................................................................................ 13 FRANK-WALTER STEINMEIER Israel and the Middle East – A Personal and a Political View...................................... 17 YORAM MEITAL Perceptions of Peace: Israel, Egypt and Jordan.............................................................. 29 WALID KAZZIHA Egyptian Perceptions of Israel ......................................................................................... 39 MOSHE MA’OZ The Israeli-Syrian Conflict: The Role of Strategic, Ideological and Psychological Factors ....................................................................................................... 45 RADWAN ZIADEH Do Images Change through Negotiations? – The Syrian-Israeli Experience.............. 63 ITAMAR RABINOVICH Israel Faces the Palestinians............................................................................................. 79 MANUEL HASSASSIAN The Intractable Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Future Perspectives .............................. 87 DAVID MENASHRI Iran, Political Islam and Israel......................................................................................... 97 © Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur 5 BERNARD HOURCADE Iran Facing Israel ............................................................................................................111 YUVAL FUCHS Russia through Israeli Eyes – Some Considerations....................................................123 ROBERT O. FREEDMAN Russia, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict under Putin............................................131 ODED ERAN Israel and the US: Is it really that bad?..........................................................................151 KENNETH W. STEIN US-Israeli Relations 1947–2010: The View from Washington ..................................159 MARIO SZNAJDER Israel and (in?) Latin America.......................................................................................177 CARLOS ESCUDÉ Israeli-Latin American Relations, 1948–2010..............................................................189 NAOMI CHAZAN Israel Facing Africa: Patterns and Perceptions ............................................................209 JOSEPH AYEE Africa’s Perception of Israel ...........................................................................................225 YITZHAK SHICHOR My Heart Is in the West and I Am at the Ends of the East: Changing Israeli Perceptions of Asia ............................................................................239 Biographies......................................................................................................................259 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................265 6 © Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur KURT BECK Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate “The world facing Israel, Israel facing the world: Images and Politics” is the programmatic title of these proceedings. They are a collection of papers by in- ternationally renowned acade- mics from all over the world who came together in Mainz for a conference lasting several days in May 2010. I had gladly accepted to be the patron of this conference, which was opened in the plenary hall of the Landtag, the State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate. The opening session of the conference focused on the German and Euro- pean perspective on Israel and the Middle East; different perspectives that also determine the respective political attitudes and activities. Germany’s former Foreign Secretary, Dr. Frank-Walter Steinmeier, gave an extensive overview of this context in his opening statement1, in which he combined political experi- ence and pragmatic action. This has been the line that we have traditionally been seeking to apply in Rhineland-Palatinate when it comes to our bilateral relations with Israel. Dialogue is the key element in the various projects and activities that we continue to develop. On numerous occasions, for example, our State Agency for Civic Education (Landeszentrale für politische Bildung) has brought together different communities from Israel and Rhineland- Palatinate. But we also devote particular attention to young people: under a joint exchange programme with the peace initiative Givat Haviva, a group of Jewish and Arab adolescents was able to come to Mainz and a group from ............................................ 1 Cf. in the present volume, pp. 17–28. © Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur 7 Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate returned the visit in Israel, offering both sides some first- hand experience. It is these encounters that I find particularly valuable, be- cause they create a sense of solidarity with people living in a difficult political context and in a difficult time. In our friendship with Israel, we as Germans bear an additional responsibility to keep this solidarity alive across generations given our Nazi dictatorship past. It is only through dialogue that we can be successful in fending off anti-Semitic and racist incitements, and whenever necessary we will also speak up in sharp protest and combat any such occur- rences with all the power of a democratic society. The history of Israel will forever remain closely intertwined with our own. Any encounter with Israel therefore requires us to adhere to the principles of humanity and political reason. This is the background against which to inter- pret the title “Images and Politics”: different perspectives on Israel and on events in the Middle East will determine which positions and political action are taken with respect to Israel. The papers in these proceedings help to make these connections explicit, focusing on the different perceptions and perspec- tives of different states. It is these connections on many different levels, and not only the narrow focus on the regrettably still unresolved Middle East conflict, that offer a number of starting points that politicians and society in Germany and beyond ought to address. The hope for a politically negotiated resolution to the conflict based on the two-state solution is ample motivation for the dialogue to continue. Some of the people who are carried by that same hope everywhere in the world gave impressive testimony of it through their presence here in Mainz and by their scholarly contributions to these proceed- ings. Kurt Beck Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate 8 © Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur JOACHIM MERTES President of the State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate Throughout the world, and that includes us in Germany, Israel is predomi- nantly perceived only in terms of the conflict in the Middle East. It is the image of suffering and violence on both sides that stand in the full glare of global publicity and preoccupy politicians and the media to an extraordinary extent. Consequently, they come together to form an image of Israel that is mostly reduced to the conflict with the Palestinians. The political, economic and cultural relationships that Israel maintains with other states worldwide thus fade into the background. Germany’s relationship with Israel was, is and shall remain a special one. The fact that it is as it is today, is something of a miracle in view of the crimes that were perpetrated by the National Socialists against European Jews. And herein lies the reason for our special responsibility towards Israel, which in turn also has an impact on the German and European perception of Israel. We can – and today we gladly do – appreciate the fact not only that we cul- tivate close political, economic and cultural relationships with Israel, but also that a friendship has developed between our two states. This is also founded on the eight local authority twinning agreements that exist between cities and communities of Rhineland-Palatinate and Israel; for example, between the towns of Andernach and Dimona (which goes back to 1975) and between our state capital Mainz and Haifa, as well as between the cities’ two universities. Moreover, since 1993 the State
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