UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN REPORT: 100-01/09 Department of Earth Science

Marine Geological Cruise Report to Byfjorden, Salhusfjorden and Herdlefjorden

R/V "HANS BRATTSTRØM" UoB Cruise No. HB-09-158 09. - 13. February 2009

Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Norway February 2009

Marine Geological Cruise Report

from

Byfjorden, Salhusfjorden and Herdlefjorden

R/V “Hans Brattstrøm” UoB Cruise No. HB-09-158

09. - 13. February 2009

B.O. Hjelstuen1 H.F. Kleiven1,2 S. Monsen1 & Student Team 1

1 University of Bergen, Department of Earth Science, Allegt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway 2 Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allegt. 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway

i Report 100-01/09 Department of Earth Science University of Bergen (UoB)

Bibliographic reference:

Hjelstuen, B.O., Kleiven, H.F., Monsen, S. and Student Team, 2009. Marine Geological Cruise Report from Byfjorden, Salhusfjorden and Herdlefjorden. Report No. 100-01/09, Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 12 pp.

Copyright 2009 by: University of Bergen Department of Earth Science Allegt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway

First Published 2009

ISSN

ii Report 100-01/09 Department of Earth Science University of Bergen (UoB)

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Objectives 1

1.2. Scientific party 1

2. RESEARCH VESSEL and EQUIPMENT 2

2.1. Research vessel

2.2. Equipment 2

3. FIELD OPERATIONS 5

3.1. Weather and sea state conditions 5

3.2. Equipment Performance 5

3.3. General cruise performance 5

Figure 1: Overview map 6 Figure 2: Sub-bottom profile from Herdlefjorden 7 Figure 3: CTD profile from Herdlefjorden 8 Figure 4: CTD profile from Byfjorden 8 Figure 5: CTD profile from Salhusfjorden 9 Figure 6: CTD profile from Byfjorden 9

Table I: General Survey Log 10 Table II: Station Log 11 Table III: Seismic Profiles 12

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Objectives

The marine geological/geophysical cruise to Byfjorden, Salhusfjorden and Herdlefjorden (Fig. 1) was part of the UoB course GEOL110 “Introduction to marine geology and geophysics”. The main objective of the cruise was to introduce students to marine geological/geophysical field work.

This report will give a short description of the cruise performance. Figure 1 shows the survey area, whereas a general survey log is provided in Table I.

1.2. Scientific Party

Berit O. Hjelstuen UoB Lecturer, cruise leader Helga (Kikki) F. Kleiven UoB/BCCR Lecturer Stig Monsen UoB Technician Ole Meyer UoB Technician, mobilization (Monday) Richard Gyllencreutz UoB Researcher, mobilization (Monday) Eva Bjørseth UoB Technician (Tuesday)

Student team - UoB Aasland Torunn, Anbjørnsen Stian, Bergh May Elisabeth, Bleikli Vegard Myrene, Bolstad Hege Christine, Bråten Magnus, Hystad Jenny Susanne, Dornfest Eirik Eugeniusz, Eidsvåg Espen, Ersland Remi Anthoni, Frafjord Camilla, Gjerde Marthe, Grindhaug Katrine Olsen, Hansen Olav, Hatleseth Svein-Martin, Hella Kristian Smith, Hovland Anett, Dalland Ingrid, Håland Marianne, Podtykan Iryna, Kommedal Mattias, Kvamme Åshild Danielsen, Kvilhaug Sigurd, Nilsen Amalia Cemanes, Oppedal Lea Toska, Osa Katrine, Rosvoll Christian, Seifried Donald Tracy, Hult Linn Haugland, Jensen Lisbeth, Refvik Kjartan, Seierstad Kristofer Bøkan, Simonsen Kristian, Stenbakk Tine Cecilie, Wallsten Karoline Årtun, Wikdahl Marina Spange

1UoB: University of Bergen, Dept. of Earth Science, Allegt. 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway 2 BCCR: Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allegt. 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway

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2. RESEARCH VESSEL and EQUIPMENT

2.1. Research vessel R/V Hans Brattstrøm has a length of 24.3 m, beam of 6.5 m, a displacement of 97 tonnes, and a top speed of 13 knots. The research vessel is owned by the University of Bergen and is operated by the Institute of Marin Research, Bergen. The main duties are research operations within the areas of fishery, environment research, sea-bed sampling and educational surveys for students. The research vessel has a crew of 2, and operates in the coastal areas out to 20 nautical miles from the coast.

2.2. Equipment A sub-bottom profiler (SBP), SB-216S from EdgeTech, was used throughout the entire cruise to map the characteristics of the sub-seabottom sediments (Figs. 2). The profiler operates in the frequency range of 2-16 kHz. The profiler has a penetration of up to 80 m, depending on the sediment type. The profiler was towed behind the vessel, at a level of 1-2 m below the sea surface.

Sub-bottom profiler used during the cruise (Photo: Eva Bjørseth).

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Left photo: Sub-bottom profiler ready to be lowered into water. Right photo: Sub-bottom profiler in water. (Photo: Eva Bjørseth)

Throughout the entire cruise a box core was used to collect samples from the upper part of the sediment column (Fig.1; Table II).

Box core on deck. (Photo: Eva Bjørseth)

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IGravity cores were collected at four locations (Fig. 1, Table II). A core barrel length of 2.5 m was used at all station.

Gravity core on deck. (Photo: Eva Bjørseth)

CTD profiles were collected in Byfjoden, Herdlefjorden and Salhusfjorden (Figs. 1, 3-6; Table II). The CTD was connected to a winch, and lowered to the seabed before withdrawal. The CTD measured salinity and temperature in the water masses.

CTD used on cruise. (Photo: Eva Bjørseth)

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3. FIELD OPERATIONS

The students were divided into four groups and each group had one day onboard the R/V Hans Brattstrøm. Totally, 36 students participated. A summary of the ship-board operations is provided in Table I.

3.1. Weather and sea state conditions The weather conditions during the cruise were generally good for surveying. The sea state was calm, with waves less than 1 m.

3.2. Equipment performance

• The sub-bottom profiler was run with success during the entire survey, and the data collected had an overall good quality. The sub-seafloor penetration depended very much on the sediment characteristics.

• The box corer functioned well throughout the cruise. Several samples was taken and stored in plastic boxes for further analyses at the Department of Earth Science, UoB. Bengal Rose was added to these samples. Samples were also sieved onboard, and the coarse fraction were stored in plastic bags.

• The gravity coring system was used without any problems. The four gravity cores raised were labeled and transported to the Department of Earth Science, UoB, for further analyses and storage.

• The CTD functioned well troughout the cruise.

3.3. General cruise performance • 4 box cores, 4 gravity cores and 4 CTD profiles were collected (Figs. 1 and 3-6; Table II). • A total of 12 km with seismic profiles were collected (Figs. 1 and 2; Table III)

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Figure 1. Overview map showing locations of box cores, gravity cores and CTD stations (yellow dots). Red lines indicate position of sub bottom profiles.

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ms (twt)

SW NE

Figure 2. Sub-bottom profile from Herdlefjorden. Location in Fig. 1.

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Figure 3. CTD profile HB-09-158-01CTD collected in Herdlefjorden 10. February 2009. Position in Fig. 1.

Figure 4. CTD profile HB-09-158-02CTD collected in Byfjorden 11. February 2009. Position in Fig. 1.

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Figure 5. CTD profile HB-09-158-03CTD collected in Salhusfjorden 12. February 2009. Position in Fig. 1.

Figure 6. CTD profile HB-09-158-04CTD collected in Byfjorden 13. February 2009. Position in Fig. 1.

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General Survey log Table I GEOL110 student cruise 2009, R/V Hans Brattstrøm Date Time Subject

09.02.2009 09:30 – 14:00 Mobilization and testing of sub-bottom profiler.

09:00 Leaving Marineholmen Collection of seismic profiles, CTD, box core and gravity core from 10.02.2008 09:30-14:30 Herdlefjorden 15:30 End of day, arriving Marineholmen

09:00 Leaving Marineholmen 11.02.2008 1015-13:15 Collection of seismic profiles, CTD, box core and gravity core from Byfjorden 13:45 End of day, arriving Marineholmen

09:00 Leaving Marineholmen Collection of seismic profiles, CTD, box core and gravity core from 12.02.2008 10:15-13:25 Salhusfjorden 14:15 End of day, arriving Marineholmen

09:00 Leaving Marineholmen 13.02.2008 09:30-13:00 Collection of seismic profiles, CTD, box core and gravity core from Byfjorden 13:30 End of day, arriving Nykirkekaien. End of cruise

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Table II Station Log Date Station no Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Location, water depth HB-09-158 -01BC 1 sample taken and stored in box. 10.02.2009 Added ca. 100 ml Bengal Rosa 60o 30.721’ 5o 10.882’ Herdlefjorden, 359 m

Several samples sieved onboard. Stored coarse fraction in plastic bag. 10.02.2009 HB-09-01CTD 60o 30.721’ 5o 10.882’ Herdlefjorden, 359 m HB-09-158 -01GC 2.50 m long core sampled. Over- 10.02.2009 penetration. Cut into two 60o 30.721’ 5o 10.882’ Herdlefjorden, 359 m segments, each 1.25 m long HB-09-158 -02BC 1 sample taken and stored in box. 11.02.2009 Added ca. 100 ml Bengal Rosa 60o 24.398’ 5o 16.831’ Byfjorden, 348 m

Several samples sieved onboard. Stored 0.500 - 0.150 mm fraction in plastic bag. 11.02.2009 HB-09-02CTD 60o 24.379’ 5o 16.782’ Byfjorden, 350 m HB-09-158 -02GC 2.50 m long core sampled. Core 11.02.2009 cut into two segments, each 1.25 m 60o 24.379’ 5o 16.782’ Byfjorden, 350 m long. HB-09-158 -03BC 1 sample taken and stored in box. 12.02.2009 Added ca. 100 ml Bengal Rosa 60o 30.813’ 5o 15.491’ Salhusfjorden, 513 m

Several samples sieved onboard. Stored coarse fraction in plastic bag. 12.02.2009 HB-09-158-03CTD 60o 30.785’ 5o 15.179’ Salhusfjorden, 356 m HB-09-158 -03GC 12.02.2009 Ca 1.5 m long core sampled 60o 30.813’ 5o 15.491’ Salhusfjorden, 513 m HB-09-158 -04BC 1 sample taken and stored in box. 13.02.2009 Added ca. 100 ml Bengal Rosa 60o 26.758’ 5o 15.846’ Byfjorden, 320 m Several samples sieved onboard. Stored coarse fraction in plastic bag.

13.02.2009 HB-09-158-04CTD 60o 26.758’ 5o 15.846’ Byfjorden, 320 m

HB-09-158 -04GC 13.02.2009 2.50 m long core sampled. Core cut into two segments, each 1.25 m 60o 26.758’ 5o 15.846’ Byfjorden, 320 m long.

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Table III Seismic Profiles Start profile End profile File name Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Date Location (N) (E) (N) (E) Lengdeprofil_herdlefjorden.jsf 60o 29.5433' 5o 12.9631' 60o 30.4334' 5o 11.7901' 10.02.2009 Herdlefjorden Lengdeprofil_herdlefjorden.001.jsf 60o 30.4334' 5o 11.7901' 60o 30.7276' 5o 10.8887' 10.02.2009 Herdlefjorden Tvers1_herdlefjorden.jsf 60o 30.3427' 5o 10.7258' 60o 30.6484' 5o 11.5602' 10.02.2009 Herdlefjorden Tvers2_herdlefjorden.jsf 60o 30.4300' 5o 11.8923' 60o 30.2667' 5o 11.5811' 10.02.2009 Herdlefjorden Byfjorden_langsgående_profil1.jsf 60o 24.1046' 5o 16.8406' 60o 24.9686' 5o 16.6065' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden_langsgående_profil1.001.jsf 60o 24.9686' 5o 16.6065' 60o 25.2987' 5o 16.5787' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden_tverrprofil1.jsf 60o 25.2431' 5o 16.8859' 60o 25.0711' 5o 16.6260' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden_tverrprofil1.001.jsf 60o 25.0711' 5o 16.6260' 60o 25.0453' 5o 15.8908' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden_tverrprofil2.jsf 60o 24.6802' 5o 15.5730' 60o 24.3090' 5o 17.1373' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden_tverrprofil2.001.jsf 60o 24.3090' 5o 17.1373' 60o 24.3090' 5o 17.741' 11.02.2009 Byfjorden Salhusfjorden_kryssprofil.jsf 60o 30.7342' 5o 15.7700' 60o 30.8870' 5o 15.2581' 12.02.2009 Salhusfjorden Salhusfjorden_lengdeprofil.jsf 60o 30.8700' 5o 15.7369' 60o 30.9147' 5o 15.9080' 12.02.2009 Salhusfjorden Byfjorden2_lengdeprofil.jsf 60o 25.2834' 5o 16.3744' 60o 26.0553' 5o 16.0974' 13.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden2_lengdeprofil.001.jsf 60o 26.0553' 5o 16.0974' 60o 26.8699' 5o 16.1101' 13.02.2009 Byfjorden Byfjorden2_kryssprofil 60o 26.8234' 5o 16.1303' 60o 26.6575' 5o 15.2692' 13.02.2009 Byfjorden

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