Notes: for Reasons of Space Persons Mentioned Only in Passing Are Not Indexed

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INDEX

Notes: For reasons of space persons mentioned only in passing are not indexed. Page numbers in bold indicate principal subjects of extracts or boxed sections.

‘Abbas I, Shah 211–14, 217 antiquarianism 190 Abbasid caliphate 92, 98, 123 Arabic historiography, distinguished from Abu’l Fazl ‘Allami, Akbarnama 217–20 Islamic 91 Acosta, José de 244, 245–6, 251, 261, 267, Arabic (language) 98, 448 269, 271 Arai Hakuseki 328 inﬂuence 270, 301, 310 Aristotle 3–4, 41, 59, 114, 387 Acton, John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron 12–13, Arnold, Gottfried 203, 333 373 ars historica 197 Adams, Henry 374, 459 Assarino, Luca 200 Adams, John/Abigail 274–5 Assyrian history-writing 26–31 Afghani, Sayyid Jamal al-Din 446 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 451 African history and history-writing 7, 16, 23, Attoriolonna Bone 420–1 439–46 Auerbach, Erich 112 African peoples, racial theories regarding 444 Aufklärung 332–9 Africanus, Sex. Julius 77 Augustine of Hippo, St 47, 81–2, 83, 86 Agrippa, Henry Cornelius 202 Aurangzeb, Emperor 217, 220 Ah.mad b. Fartuwa 440 Ayudhya dynasty/chronicles 425–6 Ajjemy, Abdallah bin Hemedi ‘l 444 Aztecs 234, 244–7, 249, 251–7, 261, 262 Akbar, Emperor 219–20, 310 Akdag˘, Mustafa 451 babad chronicles (Java) 417, 418–19 Akkadian people/history 26–7, 31 Babur, Emperor 214–15, 217–19 Alfonso X ‘The Learned’ of Castile 140 Babylonian history-writing 26–8 Almela, Diego Rodríguez de 179 Bacon, Francis 204, 288, 294 Altan Tobcˇi 124 Baelz, Erwin 427–8 Altdorfer, Albrecht, Alexanderschlacht 181–2 Bakhtin, Mikhail 477 Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, Fernando de 257, 258, Ban Gu 61, 64–5, 100, 102 263, 407 Ban Zhao 64, Alvarado Tezozómoc, Fernando/Hernando de Bancroft, George 364, 374 254, 256 Barani, Z. iya al-Din 169 Ammianus Marcellinus 51, 75–6 ‘barbarian’ histories 49–51, 75, 82–7 An Choˇng-Bok 319–20 Baronio, Cesare, Cardinal 201 analogism, historical 156–7 Barros, João de 236, 440 Anna Comnena, Princess 145 Barros Arana, Diego 407 Annales maximi 43 Basin, Thomas 152–3 Annales School 11, 464–7, 469 Basu, Ramram 402–3 annals 27, 53, 114–16, 256–7 Bayezid II, Sultan 222–3 Annius of Viterbo (Giovanni Nanni) 183–4, Bayhaqi, Abu’l Fazl 122 197, 234, 240 Bayle, Pierre 204–5, 210–11, anthropology 271, 470–1 292, 303

554 Index

Beard, Charles 390, 460 Campanella, Tommaso 204 Beard, Mary Ritter 488, 488 Carlyle, Thomas 337, 346, 348–9, 356, 379, Becker, Carl 390, 460 396, 410 Bede 84, 85–7, 88, 110, 114 Carolingian Empire 109, 113–14, 115 Belknap, Jeremy 272, 276 (see also Charlemagne) Bello, Andrés 409 Castiglione, Giuseppe (Lang Shining) 318 Benjamin, Walter 493 Castro, Américo 464 Bernheim, Ernst 376 Catholic Church 201, 244–8 Berosus (or Berossus) 29, 183, 203 Cato, M. Porcius ‘The Censor’ 43–4 pseudo-Berossus 234, 240, 283 censorship 196–9, 477–8, 480–1, 482–3 Berr, Henri 464, 465 Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco 242 Bhabha, Homi K. 496 Chakrabarty, Dipesh 18, 19 Bible see Old Testament; Tanakh Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 17 Biruni, Abu’l Rayh.an Muh.ammad ibn Ah.mad, Chang Qu 100, 101 al- 65, 93, 121 Charlemagne, Emperor 82, 85, 110, 115, 347 Blish, Helen 504 (see also Carolingian Empire) Bloch, Marc 356, 464–5, 466 Chastellain, Georges de 151–2 Blue Annals (Tibet) 171–2 Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra 403, 404, 497 Boahen, Albert Adu 446 Chatterjee, Partha 496 Bock, Gisela 489 Chaunu, Pierre 467 Bodin, Jean 5, 196, 197, 210, 264, 295, 306, Chile 453 314 Chimalpahín (Don Domingo de San Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount 59, Antón Muñón Chimalpahín 307, 311, 308 Quauhtlehuanitzin) 256–7 Boorstin, Daniel J. 17 China/Chinese historical thought and Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne 193–5, 203, 285 writing 2, 23, 51–65, 99–104, 153–9, Bracciolini, Poggio 153, 185, 187 206–11, 318–26, 339, 433–9, Brau, Salvador 400 479–81 Braudel, Fernand 466–7, 469, 506 academic status 99–100, 156–7; Bridenbaugh, Carl 470 fluctuations in 158 Bruni, Leonardo 185–7, 197 authorship 55 Bu Dayou 210 bibliographic proposals 325–6 Buchanan, George 195 bureaucratization 75 (see also Bureau for Buckle, Henry Thomas 379, 380, 382, 386, 436 the Writing of History) Buddhism 70, 154, 161–4, 168, 170–1, 413, chronological method 53 425–6 code of practices 55 Burckhardt, Jacob 372, 388, 391 comparisons with other cultures 99, 141, Bureau for the Writing of History (China) 172, 225, 318–19, 320, 323 101–3, 208 criticisms of ruling dynasty 103–4 Burke, Edmund 310, 347 development of critical attitudes 210–11 Burmese history 411–16, 453 distinction between record-keeping and Burnet, Thomas 205 creation of histories 102–3, 158 Burrow, John 13 driving forces 56 Bustamante, Carlos María de 407 encyclopedias 103 Butterfield, Herbert 13, 16, 72, 462 genres 100, 103, 114 Byzantine Empire 75, 78–81, 85, 133, ideological groupings 436–9 144–5 imperial encouragement/control 52, 54, 99, 100, 103, 321, 324 Caesar, G. Julius 46, 47, 48 influence on other Eastern cultures 165, Cambodia 412–13, 453 422–3 (see also Japanese historical Camden, William 198 thought and writing)

Index 555

links/contrasts with Western approaches historical thought and writing; New 52–5, 57, 72 World; settler narratives oracle bones (Shang era) 6, 52 communist regimes, history under 476–3 political situation 99–100, 119, 434–5 Commynes, Philippe de 152–3 practitioners 91 comparative studies 10, 289, 298, 313–17, privately produced 209 335, 461–2 professionalization 321 Comte, Auguste 306, 379–2, 384, 388, 468 reliance on earlier sources 54 Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas revisions of earlier works 325 Caritat, marquis de 297, 306–7, 337 shift to social emphasis 320 conflict, internal/international 119, 133–6, ‘Standard Histories’ 64–5, 163–4 (see also 151–2, 187 dynastic histories) Confucius (Kong Qiu/Kong Zi) 54, 55–6, Western attitudes to 14, 16, 17, 20, 65, 58–9, 61, 63, 99, 327 313–17 ‘conjectural history’ 341 Western imports/translations 435–6 Conquest narratives 240–2, 247–8 Western influences 206–7, 438–9 from indigenous side 260–1 Western visitors’ accounts 206–7 Constantine, Emperor 49, 51, 77, 171 (see Chinese (language) also ‘Donation of Constantine’) block printing 53 Cooper, James Fenimore 363 terms for ‘history’ 7, 19, 52–3, 55, 99 Cornford, F. M. 39 use in Japanese/Korean histories 105, 106, Corrêa, Gaspar 236 168, 327 Cortés, Hernán 82, 240–1, 248, 257 Christian history 137 ‘counterfactual’ history 336, 469–70, chronology 77–8 513 dating 86 court diaries, in Eastern cultures 100, 102–3, domination of Dark Ages 50–1 165–6 influences 75–7 Cousin, Victor 383 Middle Eastern presence 92 Creation, dating of 193 twentieth-century 462 Creighton, Mandell 352, 375 unifying element of religion 81 Cremutius Cordus, A. 43, 197 Christianity, advent of 49, 75–87 critical history 392 Chronicle of Novgorod 146 Croce, Benedetto 12, 463–4 Chronicle of the Kings of Pate 444–5 cross-cultural influences 8, 119–20, 172, chronicles 27, 184–5 178–9, 235, 281 chronography 26, 34, 76–7, 78, 94 Crusades 125–6, 133–5 Chunqiu 56, 57, 63 cultural history 491 Cicero, M. Tullius 45 Cuzco (Inca capital) 243 Cieza de Léon, Pedro 237, 239, 263 cyclical view of history 31–2, 41, 57–61, 63, Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of 188, 128–9, 163, 296, 461–2 307 Czech (language) 120 Clari, Robert de 134 Clark, Alice 487 Dai Nihon hennenshi 428 Clavijero, Francisco Xavier de 284 Dai Nihon Shi 327 climatology see geography d’Alembert, Jean le Rond 288, 468 Clio (mythical figure) 8–9, 13, 23, 399 Dalin, Olof 342, 346 cliometrics see ‘counterfactual’ history Damrong Rajanubhab, Prince 427 Cobo, Bernabé 243 Daniel, Samuel 301 Colden, Cadwallader 272 Daoist philosophy 59, 63 Collingwood, R. G. 10, 12, 30, 39, 464 Dark Ages 82–7, 110, 109 colonialism see African history and history- dating methods 15, 53, 193 writing; decolonization; Indian Daukantas, Simonas 360

556 Index

Davis, Natalie Zemon 483, 489 Elphinstone, Mountstuart 402 de Guignes, Joseph 300, 315–17, 318 Elton, Sir Geoffrey 470, 494 de Pauw, Cornelius 271, 284 England 3, 139, 188, 271–4, 307, 311–13 decolonization 445 Enlightenment 271, 276–7, 285–93, 400 (see Dening, Greg 282, 512 also Aufklärung) dependency theory 497 academic developments 290–3 Derrida, Jacques 493 historical output 285–9 Descartes, René 204, 295–6, 297, 303 modern views of 282 Díaz del Castillo, Bernal 237 ‘three traditions’ of history 290 dictatorships see totalitarian regimes Ephorus 40, 41–2, 44 Dike, Kenneth Onwuka 446 epic genre, relationship with history 26, Dilthey, Wilhelm 386–7, 390, 463 34, 43 Diodorus Siculus 44, 185 epigraphy 4 Dionysius of Halicarnassus 35, 39, 44–5, 59 Erikson, Erik H. 492 ‘discipline’, history as 2, 11–14, 378, 385–8, Ethiopian history 440–2 399, 458 ethnography 34, 36, 62 divine favour/punishment, as theme of Eunapius of Sardus 50 histories 31, 32, 76, 85 Eurocentrism 8–10, 13–19, 196, 452, 457–8 in Eastern imperial ideology 53, 159–60, (see also ‘Eurosolipsism’) 164–5 difﬁculty of avoidance 18 Mongol view 123 problems of 9–10, 13–18 reconciliation with military power 163 reactions against 445–6 Długosz, Jan 144 European history see comparative studies; do Couto, Diogo 236 Dark Ages; early modern period; Dognon, Suzanne 487 Enlightenment; Eurocentrism; Donation of Constantine 131, 183 medieval history-writing; nineteenth Douglass, William 273 century; Western history Droysen, Johann Gustav 372, 376, 385–7 ‘Eurosolipsism’ 15–17 Du Bois, W. E. B. 374 backlash against 16 Du You 103, 156 extreme expressions 16–17 Dubnow, Simon 473 Eusebius of Caesarea 77–8, 81, 83, 114 Durán, Diego 252–3 exceptionalism 165, (see also divine favour/ Durkheim, Émile 390, 464, 468 punishment; Sonderweg) Dutt, Romesh Chunder 404 dynastic histories (Chinese) 63, 64–5, 100, Fallmerayer, Jakob Phillip 359 102–3 Fan Wenlan 480 dissatisfaction with 155–6 Fan Ye 100, 101 legitimatory function 158 Fanon, Frantz 496 revision 323–4 Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Farakh, al- 96 Eanes de Zurara, Gomes 235–6 Farid, Muh.ammad 448–9 early modern period (see also Renaissance) Fascism see totalitarian regimes global political divisions 178 Fawwasi, Zaynab 488 historical trends 227–9 Febvre, Lucien 356, 464–6, 487 eastern Europe, medieval historical writing feminism 11, 489–90 144 Fenton, Geoffrey 190 educational value of history 64, 71, 108–9, Ferguson, Adam 284, 296, 297–300, 302, 156–7, 179–80, 345, 387, 512–13 335 (see also moral lessons) Ferishta 215 Egharevba, Uwadiae Jacob 443 Fernandez, Diego 242 Egypt 2, 23, 25, 34, 446–9 Feuerbach, Ludwig 383, 384

Index 557

Finley, Moses 482–3 writing 8, 373–4; shift of approach Firdawsi, Shahnama 121–2, 223 390–1 Firth, Sir Charles 373–4 twentieth-century historical thought Fischer, Fritz 474–5 and writing 459 (see also Nazism; Flacius Illyricus, Matthias (Matija Vlacˇic), Sonderweg) Magdeburg Centuries 201 Ghurbal, Shafiq 449–50 Flavio, Biondo 191 Giannone, Pietro 293, 294 Florence, histories/urban chronicles 149, Gibbon, Edward 49, 65, 283, 302, 308, 185–7 311–13, 315, 326, 436–7 Florescano, Enrique 238, 248–9 Gilgamesh, epic of 26 Florus, L. 50, 81 Ginzburg, Carlo 467 Fogel, Robert William 469–70 Giovio, Paolo 187, 188, 221 forgeries 130–1, 183–4 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 332, 336, Foucault, Michel 391, 490, 493, 503 353–5 Foxe, John, Acts and Monuments (‘Book of Gooch, George Peabody 12–13 Martyrs’) 201, 273, 274 Gramsci, Antonio 485 France 140–2, 195, 302–7 Grandes Chroniques de France 141–2 Freeman, Edward Augustus 353, 373, 462 Gray, Sir Thomas 134 Fréret, Nicolas 199, 315 Greco-Roman tradition, early Christian/ Freud, Sigmund 492 medieval influence 75–7, 78, 109, Froissart, Jean 135, 349 113–14 Frölich, Charlotta 288 Greece (ancient) 3, 23, 24–5, 26, 40 Fu Sinian 435, 438–9 Greek history and historical writing 33–42 Fueter, Edward 12, 457–8 (see also Greco-Roman tradition) Fukuzawa Yukichi 430, 436 changes of approach 40 Furet, François 467 dual approaches (Herodotean/Thucydidean) Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis 388–9, 35–6 495–6 genres 34 influence on later cultures 43–5, 94 Gadamer, Hans-Georg 493 Green, John Richard 352, 356 Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) 497 Grotius, Hugo (Hugo de Groot) 195–6, 295 Garcilaso de la Vega, El Inca 181, 260, 263–7, Gu Jiegang 435, 438 284 Gu Yanwu 321 Gatterer, Johann Christoph 334, 335–6 Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe 263, 266–9 Gay, Claude 409 Guha, Ranajit 66, 403, 496 Gay, Peter 492 Guicciardini, Francesco 5, 64, 153, 188–90, Geijer, Eric Gustave 360, 361 264, 368, 369–70 genealogies (fictional) and genealogical Guizot, François 355, 357–8 interests 34, 83–5, 92, 105–6, 148–51, Gul-Badan Begam, Humayun-Nama 217, 218 191, 192, 216, 218–19 Guo Moruo 479–80 Genovese, Eugene 507 Gurevich, Aaron 477 Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia regum Gustav I Vasa of Sweden 199 Britanniae 142–3, 168 Gutman, Herbert 484–5 geography, descriptions/relationship with history 239–40, 465, 466–7 Habermas, Jürgen 475 Germany 48 h. adith (Islam) 92–4 domination of European historiography hagiography 110 156–7, 385–7 Halbwachs, Maurice 502 eighteenth-century historical thought and Hamitic hypothesis, 443, 444 writing 332–9, 353–4 Han dynasty 61, 64–5, 99, 100–1, 159 nineteenth-century historical thought and handbooks 376–7

558 Index

Harishchandra of Benares 404 history (see also historians; historiography; Hartog, François 10, 10–11, 19–20 History; oral history/communication) Hayashi Razan 327–8 common threads 509 He Bingsong 438 cultures lacking 17–18 Hebrew history see Jewish history (deemed) scope of 8–9 Hecataeus of Miletus 34, 35–6, 121 diversity of approaches 7–11, 19 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 3, 11, 17, flaws 510–11 65, 289–90, 326, 345, 346, 368, 379, fragmentation 11, 506–7, 510 382–4 future 509–10, 511–13 Hellanicus of Lesbos 34 global 9–11, 506 Hempel, Carl 471 ‘horizontal’ conception 136 Henry VII, King of England 200 intellectual/cultural status 179–80, 227 Herder, Johann Gottfried 128, 281, 283, 292, modern significance 2–3 293, 298, 332, 336–8, 353 modes of thinking 3–4 criticisms 338–9 origins 1, 23 Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der origins of word/cognates 33, 34–5, 52 Menschheit 338 popular interest 512 influence 356–7 as process/force see History hermeneutics 386–7 professional codes 11, 452 Herodotus of Halicarnassus 5, 33, 34–9, 44, professionalization 364–6 45, 54, 55, 84, 285, 504 (projected) end 11 comparisons with figures from other cul- purpose of study 169 tures 62, 99, 240 range of terms for 2, 7, 19 posthumous reputation/influence 36–7, relationship with political stability 172 39, 79 sacred/profane, division between 79–80, Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de 238–9, 339; erosion of 172 310 traditional meanings 2 Hesiod 34 uniqueness/value of different traditions Hickson, Mary Agnes 486 10–11 Hill, Christopher 485 History (as process/force) 2–3, 378, 510–11, Hinduism 170–1 513 Hintze, Hedwig 487 ancient prototypes 31, 32, 46 Hiroshima, bombing of 500–1 emergence in Enlightenment era 281, 282, historians 289–90, 340 as creative authors 98 Marxist theory 384–5 essential characteristics 104, 325, 393 ‘History Wars’ 474–5, 501–2, 512–13 gender 180 (see also women) Hittites 23, 25–6 social/intellectual status 44, 55, 95, 145, Ho Chi Minh 424 286–7, 446 Hobbes, Thomas 300, 492 historical novels 158–9, 160, 409 Hobsbawm, Eric 485 historicism 352, Holocaust 499–500, 503 relationship with nationalism 353–5 Homer, Iliad/Odyssey 26, 34, 161 historiography Hongwu Emperor 208–9 Arab/Persian 92 horography 34, 43 interchangeability with ‘history’ 5 Howard, John 501 Jewish 32-3 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo 477 range of meanings 4–5 Hu Shi 435, 438 Roman 43–6 Huang Zongxi 207, 320–1 scope of present application 5–7 Hugh of St Victor 131–2 studies 12–14 Huizinga, Johan 298, 347, 389–90, 460–1

Index 559

Humayun, Emperor 217, 218 preservation 256, 260 Humboldt, Alexander von 246, 406 sense of past 249, 263 Humboldt, Wilhelm von 372 translation into Western script/languages Hume, David 37, 283, 285, 287, 302, 308–9, 255, 260 312, 331–2, 335 use of Spanish 257–8 Hungary 359–60 individual, role in development of History Hutchinson, Lucy 181 345, 346, 352–3, 354–5 Hutchinson, Thomas, Governor 274 Indonesian historical writing and genres 405, 416–22, 475–6 I Ching 55 internet 11, 511 Ibn al-Athir 125–6 Irving, David 499–500 Ibn al-Qalanisi 125, 126 Isidore of Seville 87, 89, 90, 113, 132, 140, Ibn Bat.t.ut.a 125 144 Ibn Ishaq 93, 95 Iskandar Beg 212, 213 Ibn Khaldun 16, 81–2, 127–9, 132, 159, 172, Islam/Islamic history 75, 89–99, 121–9, 313, 448, 462, 468 168–9, 172, 314, 411–12, Ibn Miskawayh 122 446–51 . Ibn Tagh.ri Birdi, Abu l-Mah.asin 125 academic status 95 idealism 382–3 in Africa 440–2 ideas, history of 490–1 attitudes to non-believers’ testimony 93–4 Ienaga Saburo 482 authority/accuracy 91, 92–3, 125 Ilyo˘ n (Buddhist monk), Samguk Yusa 166–8 breadth of scope 96 Inalcik, Halil 451 comparative studies 313, 316–17 Incas 181, 234, 237, 242, 243, 246, 258–61, conflicts with Christendom 119–20, 133 263–5, 266–7, 268 (see also Crusades) inclusiveness contradictory statements, presentation of and gender/racial histories 502 98 means of achievement 10 departure from isnad 93–4 obstacles to 9–10 ethnic interests 122 pitfalls 10 evolution 89–91 Indian historical thought and writing 65–70, forerunners 92 168–71 (see also Mughal Empire) genres 94–5 under colonial rule 401–2 geographic sub-branches 96 comparison with other traditions 66 influences 89 genres 67–70, 215–16 internal divisions 211 philosophical background 66 orientation towards remote past 99 political background 168–9 output 92 textbook controversy 508 practitioners 91 Western assessments of 65–6, 314 secularization 121–3, 227 Indian languages, histories written in 215–16, spread of influence 125 402–5 treatment of temporal progress 91 indigenous histories (in New World) 248–70 vocabulary 116 (see also Latin America; pictographic of wars of conquest 95 history) Israelite history see Jewish history adaptation of Western genres 256–7, 263 itihasa-puran. a 67–70 citing of Western authorities 265, 268–9 (incomplete) suppression 254–5 Jabarti, ‘Abd al-Rah.man, al- 446–8 links with Christianity 256 Ja‘fari, Ja‘far bin Muh.ammad bin H. san 214 mutual contradiction 261; attempts to Jahangir, Emperor 217 resolve 261–3 James, C. L. R. 496, 497–9

560 Index

Jameson, J. Franklin 374 Kangxi Emperor 324–5 Japanese historical thought and writing 75, Kant, Immanuel 281, 336, 338–9 105–9, 159–65, 326–32, 339, 427–33, Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich 291, 292 472–3, 479 Kartodirdjo, Sartono 475–6 criticisms of academic scholarship 430 Kâtip Çelebi 225, 231 ideological groupings 430–3 Kelley, Donald R. 13 influence of/divergences from Chinese Kellner, Hans 14, 493 model 105, 106–8, 159–60, Khubilai Khan 158 327–8 Khunji, Fadl Allah ibn Ruzbihan 214 influence on Chinese 436 khyata 216 legitimatory function 164–5 Kim Pu-sik 166 local histories 107 king lists 26, 27, 29 Office of Historiography 428–9 Kingston, Beverley 512–13 Six National Histories (Rikkokushi) 106, Kitabatake Chikafusa 164–5, 432 108, 161, 141 Kliuchevskii, V. O. 362, 476 Western influences 427–30, 467 Knowles, Lillian 487 Japanese (language) 161, 428–9 Koht, Halvdan 483, 484 Jaurès, Jean 483 Kojiki 106, 159, 329–31 Javanese history 416–17 (see also babad Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat 451 chronicles) Kordatos, Yannis 483 Jenkins, Keith 493 Korean historical thought and writing 165–8, Jevdet Pasha, Ah.med 450 319–20, 433 Jewish history 23–4, 31–3, 46, 75–6, 89–91 Koselleck, Reinhart 289, 491 Jian Bozan 481 Križanicˇ , Juraj 185 Jiang Qing 481 Kuhn, Thomas 270, 471–2 Jianwen, Emperor 208, 324 Kume Kunitake 161, 430, 431, 433 Jien (Buddhist monk), Gukansho 161–3, 168 la Mothe le Vayer, François de 202 Jil, Salomé (José Milla y Vidaurre) 408–9 la Peyrère, Isaac de 205, 234 Jin dynasty 158 la Popelinière, Henri de 5, 196, 210, 314 Joachim of Fiore 131–2, 381 Labrousse, Ernest 467 John of Salisbury 131, 136 LaCapra, Dominick 493 John VI Cantacuzenus, Emperor 145 Lafitau, Jean-François 270–1, 301 Johnson, Samuel (African historian) 443 Lahori, Shaikh ‘Abd al-Hamid 220–1 Joinville, Jean de 134–5 Lambros, Spyridion 377, 387 Jones, Sir William 15, 313, 314, 401, 402, Lamprecht, Karl 389–90, 437–40, 459, 468 497 Langer, William L. 492 Josephus, Flavius 32–3, 41, 46, 76, 78, 84 Langlois, Charles Victor, and Charles journals 292–3, 374–6 Seignobos, Introduction aux études Julian ‘the Apostate’, Emperor 51, 312–13 historiques 376–7, 394 Justinian, Emperor 79 Las Casas, Bartolomé de 244–5, 255, 263, Juvaini, ‘Ala-ad-Din ‘Ata-Malik 126 267, 286 Latin America Kachenovskii, M. T. 362 evolution of modern state system 406 Kafadar, Cemal 222 new regimes, rewriting of histories 406–7 Kagwa, Sir Apolo 443 nineteenth-century history 406–10 Kalhan. a, Rajatarangin. i 170–1, 174 (see also Conquest narratives) Kames, Henry Home, Lord 289, 296, 297, 341 Lavisse, Ernest 364, 373 Kamil, Mu.s.tafà 448–9 ‘lawgiver’, figure of 300 Kang Youwei 435 law(s), evolution of 367–8

Index 561

Le Clerc, Jean 205 Maimonides, Moses 120 Lê Quý Ðôn 423 Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra 405 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel 467, 469 Malacca, sultan of 417–19 Lê Va˘n Hu’u 423 Mandrou, Robert 467 Lefebvre, Georges 483 Manetho 25, 29, 183, 203 Legalism (in Chinese philosophy) 59–61 Mannyng, Robert 150 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 10, 207, Mans. uri, Baibars, al- 125 297, 334 Maratha people/history 216–17 Lelewel, Joachim 360, 378–9 Marr, David 422 Lessing, Theodor 493 martial narratives see conﬂict Leti, Gregorio 200 Martin, Calvin 17–18 Leto, Pomponio 187 Martyr d’Anghiera, Peter 238, 240 Lévi-Strauss, Claude 18, 470 Marwick, Arthur 494 Li Zhi 210–11 Marx, Karl 298, 302, 350–1, 379, 384–5, 390, Liang Qichao 400, 435, 436–8, 454, 480 468 liberalism 350 Marxist theory 476–80, 483–6 libraries 285 Masudi, Abu’l Hasan, al- 94, 95, 127 linguistic turn 493 Mather, Cotton 273 Linnaeus, Carl 191–5 Mather, Increase 273 Lipstadt, Deborah 499–500 Maung Kala 415 literacy, expansion of 137, 148, 207 Maya 238, 249, 250–1, 253–4, 255, 256 Liu Zhiji 5, 103–4, 155, 210, 325 Medieval history-writing (European) 11, Livy (T. Livius) 41, 43, 46–7, 50, 57, 130–53 (see also chronicles) 134, 184 available sources 113–14 Lloyd, Sir Geoffrey 54 background of conﬂict 119 Lokman, Seyyid 223 common themes 87 Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich 292 expansion of non-clerical writing 116 Lopes, Fernão (1380–1459) 235–6 genealogies 83–4 Lopes de Castanheda, Fernão (d. 1559) 236 genres 137, 139 López de Ayala, Pedro 134 later ages’ opinion of 299 López de Cogolludo, Diego 238 modern (mis)judgments 112–13 López de Gómara, Francisco 239, 240–1, organization of works 114 244–5, 407 output 132 Louis IX of France 134–5 political awareness 152–3 Louis XI of France 153 shift in ethos 135–6 Lovejoy, Arthur O. 490–1 theoretical approaches 131–2 Lucian of Samosata 45–6 medievalism 347–50 Luo Guanzhong 158–9 Meinecke, Friedrich 332–3, 352, 353, 389, Lyall, Sir Alfred 402 473, 490 Lyell, Charles 351 memory and ‘memory culture’ 502–5 Lynd, Staughton 483 Mendoza, Juan González de 206 Mesopotamia 2, 6, 23, 26–31, 34 (see also Ma Duanlin 159 Assyrian history-writing; Babylonian Mabillon, Jean 202–3 history-writing) Macaulay, Catharine 274, 288 Metahistory (book) 494 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1st Baron Methodenstreit (‘method dispute’) 389 Macaulay 402 Mexía, Pedro 180–1, 264 Machiavelli, Niccolò 41, 129, 179, 188, 299 Mézerai, François Eudes de 199, 200 Macpherson, James 283, 335 Michelet, Jules 293, 351, 355–6, 376 Maghribi, Samaw’al, al- 120 microhistory 467

562 Index

Miliukov, Pavel Nikolaevich 362, 382 Nain. si, Mumhata Nain. si Jaimalot. 216 Mill, James 15, 65, 67, 401–2 Naito Konan 431 Mill, John Stuart 396, 401 Namier, Sir Lewis 469 Milla, José 409 Nanni, Giovanni see Annius of Viterbo Millar, John 296, 301 Napier, John 193 Ming dynasty 206–11, 320, 324 Naples, history of 294 mirror, metaphor of 64, 71, 109, 122–3, 132, Naram-Sin of Akkad 26, 31 164, 322, 394–5 nationalism 350, 353–5, 356–64, 387–8, Mitre, Bartolomé 406, 410 424–5 Molina, Alonso de 255 decline in influence 460 Momigliano, Arnaldo 5, 37, 290, 313, 472 Enlightenment influences 336 monarchies, development in western Europe historiographical legacy 360 109 medieval forerunners 120, 136, 137, 139–44 Monardes, Nicolás 239–40 negative impact 359 Mongols 123–5, 126–7 (see also Yuan responses to outsider perceptions 358–9 dynasty) use of ancient myths 360–1 monogatari narratives 160–1, 331 native Americans (in USA) 275–6, 504, 505 Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat influence on Spanish history-writing 8 baron de 41, 49, 129, 281, 297, 298, non-verbal recording 7 302, 306, 335 Western attitudes/misconceptions 16, 17–18 Montfaucon, Bernard de 191 natural sciences 471 moral lessons (of history) 54–5, 58–61, Nazism 84, 459, 461–2, 473–5 (see also (see also divine favour/punishment; Holocaust) educational value of history) Near East, definition/divisions 23–5 problematic nature 53, 81 Nehru, Jawaharlal 405, 452, 497 Morga, Antonio de 238, 424 Neilson, Nellie 488 Möser, Justus 333, 353 ‘Neologists’ 334 Motolinía (Toribio de Benevente) 244, 245, New England 272–5 247, 261–2 New World, European histories 233–48, Motoori Norinaga 105, 281, 329–32 269–70, 276, 407 (see also Conquest Mozi/Mohist philosophy 56, 59–61 narratives; Latin America; settler Mughal Empire 178–9, 180, 214–21 narratives) Muhammad, the Prophet 91, 92–3 division of ethnic groups 246 biographies 90–8 lay/military accounts 237–8 Muh.ammad ‘Ali, Pasha (Egyptian ruler) 448 native sources 242–3, 247–8, 276; Muhammad Tughlaq, Sultan 169 absorption into Christian framework Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal 405 243–4 Muntaner, Ramón 134 sanitized ‘official versions’ 238–40 Murad III, Sultan 223–4, 233 upholding of existing myths 234–5 Murasaki Shikibu 160 New Zealand, Maori culture 17 museums, controversial displays 500–1 Newton, Isaac 193, 284, 295, 297, 301 Mustafa Âli 227–8 Ngô S˜i Liên 423 Mustafa Na’îmâ 225, 226–7 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg 362, 367, 368 Myanmar see Burmese history Nietzsche, Friedrich 17, 298, 337, 346, myth 390–3, 461, 463–4, 492, 511 conflation with history 31, 92, 143–4, 171 impact 391, 458, 493 discrediting 187, 191–3 Nihon Shoki or Nihongi 106, 107, 159, 330–1 errors in interpretation 299 nineteenth century 156–7 role in indigenous histories 236 contradictions 346 mythography see genealogy new states 358

Index 563

political reconfigurations 350, 362–4 Palacký, František 353, 358, 359 post-Napoleonic recovery 347 palaeography 4 religious sensibilities 351–2 Palafox y Mendoza, Bernard, Fr 206 scientific/technological advances 350–1 Palermo stone 25 as watershed 345–6, 394–5, 452 pangsavatar 412–13 Njoya, Sultan 443 Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava 405 Nolte, Ernst 474–5 Pankratova, Anna Mikhailovna 4, 477 non-alphabetic writing see pictographic Papparigopoulos, Konstantinos 359 histories Parkman, Francis 363–4 Nora, Pierre 7, 504–5 Partner, Nancy F. 112, 136 Noro Eitaro 473 Patrizzi, Francesco 202 Norse sagas 137–9 Peçevi, Ibrahim 225 North America, colonial history 270–6 Pedro IV of Aragon 140 Nugroho Notosusanto 475 Peloponnesian War 37–8 ‘perfect history’, idea of 196, 201–2 Ojha, Gauri Shankar Hirachand 403 Persia, history/conflicts 29–31, 36, 121–3, 217 Okagami (‘Great Mirror’) 161, 163–4 Peru 6, 242 Old Testament 76, 84, 457, Peter I ‘the Great’ of Russia 303, 292 (debate on) literal truth of 203, 205, 334 Phan Bô.i Châu 423–4 oral history/communication and tradition 2, Philip III of Spain 267, 268 6, 7, 177, 357, 439–40, Philip ‘the Good’ of Burgundy 150–1 denial of validity 177, 282–5 Philippines 424–5 informative value 439–40 philology 93–4, 195–6 Japanese 107–8 philosophy, relationship with history new 503 293–302, 339, 463 overtaking by written sources 116, 130 Phoenicians 25, 34 proto-Islamic 92 Phra Sarasas 427 recitation of written narratives 130, 160–1, Piccolomini, Enea Silvio (see Pius II, Pope) 419 pictographic histories 6, 7, 249–51 recognition of value 284 Pictor, Q. Fabius 43, 46 written histories based on 216 Pirenne, Henri 389–90, 459, 464 Orderic Vitalis 113, 137 Pius II, Pope 192 Orientalism (concept) 215, 432, 497 Pizarro, Francisco 237, 242, 261 origo gentis theory 84–5, 271, 300, (see also Plekhanov, Georgi 476 stadialism) Plumb, J. H. 14, 20 Orosius 81–2 Plutarch (L. Mestrius Plutarchus) 37, 61 Orsúa y Vela, Bartolomé Arzáns de 284 Pocock, J. G. A. 491 Ortega y Gasset, José 511 Pokrovskii, Mikhail Nikolaevich 4, 362, ‘Ossian’ see Macpherson, James 476–7 ‘other’, role in historical writing/thought political power, relationship with historical 71–2, 495 (see also ethnography) writing 71, 227 (see also censorship; Otto, Bishop of Freising 82, 114 China/Chinese historical thought and Ottoman Empire 82, 180, 221–8 writing; propaganda) Ouyang Xiu 154–5 Polybius 39, 40–2, 51, 58, 63, 186 Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernández de 234, influence 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 50, 128–9, 240 506 Pompeius Trogus 39–40 Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamayhua, Juan de Poncelet, F. F. 378 Santa Cruz 260 Pontano, Giovanni 187, 214 Paisiy of Hilendar, Father 360 Popper, Karl 352, 472

564 Index

Portugal, New World discoveries/histories Ranke, Leopold von 5, 10, 190, 351, 367–3, 235–6 369–70, 396, 438–9 Poseidonus of Apameia 42–3 challenges to method 388–90 positivism 380–2, 388–9, 407–8, followers 372 rejection 463–4, 495 impact 371, 374, 400, 511–12 postcolonialism 11, 18, 65–6, 496–9 religious beliefs 371–2 postmodernism 11, 492–6, 499, 503 ‘wie es eigentlich gewesen’ as Rankean Powell, Frederick York 377 dictum 372–3 Power, Eileen 487 German History in the Age of the Prasad, Rajendra 405 Reformation 370 Prasad, Shiva 404 History of the Popes 368–70 Prescott, William Hickling 363–4, 410 The Latin and Germanic Peoples 368, 372 primary sources 41, 80, 371, The Ottoman and the Spanish Empires fabrication 130–1, 142–3 in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth printing, invention/development 180, 227, Centuries 368 283–4 Ranum, Orest 486 Procopius of Caesarea 79 Rappaport, Joanne 254–5 progress, notion of 281, 337 (see also History) Raynal, Guillaume Thomas François, Abbé propaganda, history written as 199–202 286, 310, 313, 340 property, history as 501–2 Reindorf, Carl Christian 443 prosopography 94–5, 469 (see also t.abaqa) Rekishi Monogatari 160 Protestant Reformation, polemical writings relativism 460 200–1 Renaissance 24–5, 81, 177–8, 323 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 378 changes of outlook 180, 205–6 Psellus, Michael Constantine 144–5 classical models 180–4, 185 psychohistory 492 historical outlook 179–90 public policy, influence of history/historians influence on later ages 281, 299 on 346–7 popular culture 192–3 Pufendorf, Samuel 195–6, 295, 301 processes of linguistic change 182 visual sense of the past 181–2 Qazwini, Mirza Amina 220 Renan, Ernest 352, 376, 378 Qian Daxin 322–3, 433 René-Moreno, Gabriel 409 Qianlong Emperor 318, 325 revisionism 499–500 Qin dynasty 59–61, 63 Ricci, Matteo 206–7, 245 Qing dynasty 159, 318–26 Riess, Ludwig 429–30 Qishiyi 318 Ringelblum, Emanuel 473 Qiu Jun 209 Ritter, Gerhard 473, 473 Qu Jingchun 210 Rizal, José 424–5 quantification 469–70 Robertson, William 270, 274, 284, 297, 302, ‘quarrel of the ancients and moderns’ 204–5, 308, 309–11, 335, 401 321 Robinson, Chase F. 94–5 Quinet, Edgar 351, 376 Robinson, James Harvey 390, 438 Quintilian (M. Fabius Quintilianus) 48, 113 Roman historical writing 23, 42, 42–9 (see quipus 6, 7, 258–60 also Greco-Roman tradition) adoption of mode/language by Racine, Jean 197 non-Romans 33, 41, 51 Ralegh, Sir Walter, History of the World 193, evolution of approach 45 273 influence 76–7 Rama of Siam (I/IV/V) 426 romanticism 353, 356–7 Ramsay, David 275–6 Rome/Roman Empire 42, 46, 49–51, 85

Index 565

Romein, Jan 485 Se˘jarah Me˘layu 417–19, 420, 453 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 284, 297, 302, 311, Sejong, King of Korea 166 336, 337–8 Selden, John 195–6, 199, 295, 301, 371 royalty settler narratives 411 approval/sponsorship of historical writings Shah Jahan, Emperor 220–1, 324 139–42, 218–21, 223–5, 365 (see also Shang dynasty 52, 55, 63 China/Chinese historical thought and Shcherbatov, Mikhail Mikhailovich, Prince writing) 292 autobiographies 145, 217–19 Shigeno Yasutsugu 429–30, 432 Rudé, George 482, 484 shilu (‘veritable records’) 102 Russian history 145, 200, 292, 361–2 Shiratori Kurakichi 431–2, 433 Russian Primary Chronicle 145 Shivaji (Maratha ruler) 216–17 Rustum, Asad 450 Shizong, Emperor 158 Shujing (‘Classic of History’/‘Book of Sachsenmaier, Dominic 18–19 Documents’) 55 Safavid Empire 180, 211–14 Sidney, Sir Philip 3–4, 202 Sahagún, Bernardino de 244, 246–8, 252, Sigonio, Carlo 199 255, 407 Sima Guang 155, 207, 322, 327 Sahlins, Marshall 17, 470 Sima Qian 53, 54, 58–9, 61–4, 81, 98, 105, Said, Edward 10, 496 155, 156, 261, 315, 327, 509 Saint-Simon, Henri de 306, 380, 381 Simmel, Georg 390 Sallust (C. Sallustius Crispus) 43, 47, 48, Skinner, Quentin 491–2 113–14, 186 slavery, debates on 275–6, 470, 502 Salmon, Lucy Maynard 487 Smith, Adam 296, 297, 301, 335, 339 Salvemini, Gaetano 472 Smith, John 272 Sanusi Pane 422 Smith, Vincent Arthur 402 Sarkar, Sumit 496 social sciences 468–72 Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino 407, 408 society, importance to human development Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro 239, 242–3, 339 259–60, 261, 262–3 Socrates of Constantinople 80 Sarpi, Paolo 199 Solís y Ribadaneyra, Antonio de 242 Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar 403 Solov’ev, S. M. 362 Savigny, Friedrich Carl (or Karl) von 357, Sonderweg (‘separate path’) 353, 475 367–8 Song dynasty 104, 154–8, 159 Saxo Grammaticus 136, 139 Song Lian 209 Scaliger, Joseph Justus 193, 207 South Asian historical thought and writing scepticism 305 3, 23 (see also Indian historical Schedel, Hartmann 149 thought and writing; Sri Lanka) Schiller, Friedrich von 332, 356 Soviet Union 476–8, 507 Schlözer, August Ludwig 283, 335 Sozomen 80 science, history as/of 377–8, 387–8, Spain 8, 139–40, 237–48 471–2 speeches, reporting of 39–40 Scott, Joan Wallach 490 Spengler, Oswald 298, 461–2 Scott, Sir Walter 347–8, 408 Spinoza, Baruch/Benedict 205 Scottish Enlightenment history/philosophy Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty 496 276, 296–302, 308–11, 335 Sri Lanka 70 Scythians 84 St Alban’s Abbey, chroniclers 139 Seeley, Sir John 351, 373 Staden, Hans 237 Seignobos, Charles 388–9 (see also Langlois, stadialism 300–2, 322, 388, 468 Charles Victor) Stalin, Joseph 476–7, 478

566 Index

Starobin, Robert 502 Thomas, Keith 470 Stillingfleet, Edward, Bishop 263, 282 Thompson, E. P. 484 Strauss, David Friedrich 351 Thou, Jacques-Auguste de 188, 198 structuralism 470 Thucydides 35, 37–40, 41, 45, 48, 186, 372, Stubbs, William 120, 352, 373 509 Sturluson, Snorri 137, 138–9 comparisons with figures from other Subaltern Studies Group 496–7 cultures 62, 98, 99, 122 Suematsu Kencho 429 historical method 37–9 Suger of Saint-Denis 140 influence 47, 78–9, 240, 308 Suharto, President 422, 475–6 posthumous reputation 37, 39–40 Sui dynasty 100, 100–1 target audience 38–9 Sukarno, President 422 use of speeches 39–40 Sulawesi 420–1 Tibet 171–2 Süleyman I ‘the Magnificent’, Sultan 223 Tillemont, Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de 312 Sumatran history 419–20, 421 time, Indian notions of 66, 81, Sumerians 26–7 170–1, 263 Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, al- 440 Timur Barlas, Amir (Tamerlane) 124–5, 127, Sweden, medieval historical writing 361 215, 222 Syme, Ronald 469 Titu Cusi Yupanqui (Diego de Castro Synchronistic History (Assyrian) 28 Yupangui) 260–1 Syria 25, 449 Tod, Sir James 65 Tolstoy, Leo 351, 437 t.abaqa 95–6 (see also prosopography) Torquemada, Juan de 244, 257 T. abari, Abu Ja‘far, al- 93–8 totalitarian regimes, history under 472–83 Tacitus, P. (or G.) Cornelius 41, 43, 47–9, 51, (see also Nazism) 57, 62, 82, 109, 264, 295, 313 Toynbee, Arnold J. 409, 450, 462–3 T’aejong, King of Korea 165–6 Treitschke, Heinrich von 353, 374, 389 Tagore, Rabindranath 403 Trevor-Roper, Hugh, Lord Dacre 12, 16–17, Taht.awi, Rifa’a Rafi’, al- 448 20 Taiheiki 161, 162–3 Trithemius, Johannes, Abbot 84–5 Taizong Emperor 101, 102 Troels-Lund, Troels Frederik 356, 389 Takamure Itsue 487 ‘Trojans’, role in genealogies 84–5, 192 Tan Qian 210 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph 502, 512 Tanaka, Stefan 430–1 truth, duty/differing attitudes to 54–5, 71, Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) 31–3 (see also Old 92–3, 129, 131, 202–4, 254 Testament) Tsuda Sokichi 431, 432–3 Tang dynasty 63, 75, 100–4, 153–4 Tunisi, Muh.ammad b. ‘Umar, al- 447 Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi 233 Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, Baron de Tatischev, Vasilii Nikitich 292 Laune 284–5 Tedlock, Dennis 254 Turkey 450–1 Temmu, Emperor 105–6, 107 Twinthin Maha Sithu 415–16, 453 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, The Lady of Shalott ‘two cities’ paradigm 81, 136 394 Thailand 425–7 United Kingdom, left-wing history 483–5 Thaly, Kálmán 359 United States 374 Theal, George McCall 411 left-wing history 485–6 Theopompus 40, 44 post-independence historiography 275–6, Thierry, Augustin 346, 349 362–4 Thila Wuntha, Maha Thamada Wuntha 413, right-wing discourse/censorship 482–3, 413–15 507

Index 567

‘universal history/ies’ 41–2, 120, 193–4, 243, Western history, historical writing and 506 historiography universities 290–2, 365–6, 453 defined 20 urban chronicles 149, 185, denial of value of other sources 14, 15–17, (see also chronicles) 65–6, 383–4 (see also Ussher, James, Archbishop 193, ‘Eurosolipsism’) 284, 351 dominance over other forms 18–19, 410 ‘genealogy’ 13 Valéry, Paul 459 global influence 178, 323–4, 399–400 Valla, Lorenzo 183 non-Western influences 8, 15–16, 18–19, 510 vam. sas (Sri Lanka) 70, 71, 413, 425 terminology 14–18 vam. sa´ valis, 69, 170, 216 Wharton, Anne 487 Varga, Lucie 487 White, Hayden 10, 391, 395, 493, 494 Vergil/Virgil (P. Vergilius Maro), Aeneid 43, William of Malmesbury 137, 301 84–5 William of Newburgh 143 Vergil, Polydore 192 William of Tyre 133, 145, 230 vernacular languages, history written in Williams, Alice 488 110–12, 145, 293 Williams, Eric 497–9, 498 Vico, Giambattista 96, 129, 281, 284, 293–6, Windelband, Wilhelm 387, 390 298, 300, 301–2, 326, 336, 356, 358, Windschuttle, Keith 501 382 Wolf, Friedrich August 334, 336, 367 Vietnam 422–4, 481–3 Wollstonecraft, Mary 288 Villani, Giovanni 149, 187, 457 women, writing of history 160, 181, 218, Villehardouin, Geoffroy de 134, 135 274–5, 287–9, 486–90 Vincent of Beauvais 132 women’s history, study of 488–90 Visigoths 49–50 world systems theory 506 Višnu Puran. a 67–8 written communication, development of 1–2 Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) 5, 246, 281, Wu Han 481 289, 297, 302–6, 309, 313, 314–15, 326, 334, 337, 437 Xenophon 40, 48 Vossius, Gerhard 197 Xenopol, Alexandru 388 Ximénez de Rada, Rodrigo 140 Wace, Roman de Brut 143 Wallerstein, Immanuel 506 Yamagata Banto 328–9 Walsingham, Sir Francis 239 Yamaji Aizan 430 Walters, Anna Lee 505 Yamin, Muhammad 422 Wan Sitong 320–1, 324 Yan Ruoqu 323 Wang Fuzhi 322 Yao Congwu 439 Wang Mingsheng 322 Yao Wenyuan 481 Wang Shihzen 207–8, 209–10 Yazdi, Jalal al-Din Munajjim 214 Wang Tao 435 Yi Ik 319 Ward, Russel 482 Yongle Emperor 208–9, 324 Warren, Mary Otis 274–5, 288 Yoˇ nsan-gun, King of Korea 166 Waser, Maria (née Krebs) 486 Yuan dynasty 158–9, 208 Wathakan, Luang Wichit 427 Yuan Haowen 159 Webb, Jessie 487–8 Yuan of Liang, Emperor 100 Weber, Max 388, 390, 468–9 Yuan Shu 155–6 Wehler, Hans-Ulrich 473–5 Wei Yuan 434 Zambélios, Spirídon 359 Weidner Chronicle (Babylonian) 31 Zárate, Agustín de 242, 267

568 Index

Zaydan, Jurji 449 Zhou dynasty 55, 63 Zerfﬁ, George Gustavus 429 Zhu Xi 155–6, 208, 318, 327 Zhang Xuan 210 Zhu Yunming 210–11 Zhang Xuecheng 318–19, Zinn, Howard 483 325–6 Zorita, Alfonso de 252 Zhao Yi 281, 323 Zou Yan 59–61 Zheng Qiao 156 Zuozhuan 54–5, 56–8