DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Service Broadcasting in Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Service Broadcasting in Australia Legislative Council Secretariat IN28/05-06 INFORMATION NOTE Public Service Broadcasting in Australia 1. Definition of public service broadcasting 1.1 In Australia, the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 provides a definition of public service broadcasting (PSB) based on the nature of the national broadcasting services provided by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Special Broadcasting Service Corporation (SBS) in accordance with Section 6 of their respective enabling legislation. ABC and SBS are the national public service broadcasters in Australia. 1.2 Section 6 of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 (ABC Act) sets out the Charter of ABC, which is to: (a) provide within Australia innovative and comprehensive broadcasting services of a high standard; (b) broadcast programmes that contribute to a sense of national identity, inform and entertain, and reflect the cultural diversity of the Australian community; (c) broadcast programmes of an educational nature; (d) encourage and promote the musical, dramatic and other performing arts in Australia; and (e) transmit to countries outside Australia programmes of news, current affairs, entertainment and cultural enrichment that will (i) encourage awareness of Australia and an international understanding of Australian attitudes on world affairs, and (ii) enable Australian citizens living or travelling outside Australia to obtain information about Australian affairs and Australian attitudes on world affairs. 1.3 Section 6 of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 (SBS Act) sets out the principal function of SBS, which is to provide multi-lingual and multi-cultural radio and television services that inform, educate and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multi-cultural society. In performing its principal function, SBS must: (a) contribute to meeting the communications needs of Australia's multi-cultural society; Research and Library Services Division page 1 Legislative Council Secretariat IN28/05-06 (b) increase awareness of the contribution of a diversity of cultures to the continuing development of the Australian society; (c) promote understanding and acceptance of the cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity of the Australian people; (d) contribute to the retention and continuing development of language and other cultural skills; (e) as far as practicable, inform, educate and entertain Australians in their preferred languages; (f) make use of Australia's diverse creative resources; (g) contribute to the overall diversity of Australian radio and television services, particularly taking into account the contribution of ABC and the community broadcasting sector; and (h) contribute to extending the range of Australian radio and television services, and reflect the changing nature of the Australian society, by presenting many points of view and using innovative forms of expression. 2. Historical development of public service broadcasting 2.1 Radio broadcasting was introduced in Australia in 1923, when the first licensed radio stations commenced broadcasting in Sydney under a "sealed set" scheme. Under this scheme, radio sets were fixed to a particular frequency so as to permit reception from one broadcasting station only. Listeners paid a subscription fee to the licensee of the station to which their radio sets were tuned. 2.2 The "sealed set" scheme was unpopular among listeners as they preferred the flexibility of scanning the frequency spectrum rather than having their radio sets locked onto a single station. In July 1924, the Australian government succumbed to public pressure and replaced the "sealed set" scheme with a system of Classes "A" and "B" stations. Class "A" stations were financed primarily by licence fees, whereas Class "B" stations were funded mainly by advertising. 2.3 In 1928, the Australian government acquired and combined all Class "A" stations by purchasing their transmitters and studio equipment. It then contracted a consortium to produce programmes for its first Australia-wide public radio broadcasting service. In 1932, the Australian government discontinued the contract and set up the Australian Broadcasting Commission as the national public service broadcaster with a radio network of 12 stations. The Commission had gradually expanded since then and began television broadcasting in 1956. Research and Library Services Division page 2 Legislative Council Secretariat IN28/05-06 2.4 In 1975, the Australian government established "ethnic" broadcasting through operating two experimental stations in Sydney and Melbourne to broadcast information to ethnic communities about Medicare, a public health insurance system. In 1978, these two ethnic radio stations were taken over by SBS, a body corporate established by the Australian government to serve as another national public service broadcaster with the function of providing multi-lingual and multi-cultural radio programmes. SBS expanded into television broadcasting in 1980. 2.5 In the late 1970s, the Australian Broadcasting Commission was subject to criticism concerning its alleged inefficiency and mismanagement. In 1983, Parliament passed the ABC Act to abolish the Australian Broadcasting Commission and replace it with ABC, a new body corporate with more flexibility in the day-to-day operation than its predecessor. 3. Market players in Australia's broadcasting industry 3.1 In addition to ABC and SBS, there are 257 commercial radio stations in Australia, of which 217 operate in regional markets. The remaining 40 commercial radio stations serve the capital cities, including the metropolitan areas of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. In the television market, three major commercial capital city networks and several regional commercial networks are on air in Australia. 3.2 In 2004-05, the average audience shares for ABC's television and radio services were 17.2% and 20.4% respectively in the five mainland capital cities. The corresponding figure for SBS's television services in 2004 was 5.1%.1 4. Australian Broadcasting Corporation Background 4.1 ABC was established in 1983 under the ABC Act as a national public service broadcaster in Australia. ABC is financed mainly by government appropriations approved by Parliament. Nevertheless, ABC, as a body corporate, operates at arm's length from the federal government in its day-to-day operation. Public service mandate 4.2 Section 6 of the ABC Act sets out the public service mandate of ABC in terms of its functions and programming requirements as described in paragraph 1.2. 1 SBS did not publish similar audience share figure for its radio services in the 2004-05 annual report. Research and Library Services Division page 3 Legislative Council Secretariat IN28/05-06 Mission 4.3 ABC's mission is to uphold its Charter through distinctive programmes and services that inform, educate and entertain. Services 4.4 ABC delivers its programmes to diverse Australian communities through the following two major platforms: Television 4.5 ABC operates the following television services: (a) a national analogue television service (ABC Television) and digital simulcast of the analogue signal; (b) ABC2 – a digital television service available both free-to-air and on subscription platforms; and (c) ABC Asia Pacific – an international television service to rebroadcast ABC's programmes to the Asia-Pacific region. Radio 4.6 The radio services operated by ABC comprise: (a) four national radio networks; (b) a network of metropolitan and regional radio stations throughout Australia; (c) three Internet music-based radio services; and (d) Radio Australia – a short-wave international radio service to rebroadcast ABC's programmes to the Asia-Pacific region. 4.7 ABC also operates ABC Enterprises as its commercial arm to generate profits for re-investment in its programme production. ABC Enterprises operates a wide range of commercial activities, including selling and distributing programmes and content, developing and retailing of consumer products relating to ABC programming, and leasing ABC's spare production resources to the general public and industry alike. Research and Library Services Division page 4 Legislative Council Secretariat IN28/05-06 Programme diversity 4.8 As Australia's national public service broadcaster, ABC is mandated under the ABC Act to provide comprehensive broadcasting services and achieve a balance between programmes of wide appeal and more specialized programmes. In 2004-05, ABC's television services provided 16 different genres of programming for its viewers, namely arts and culture, comedy, current affairs, news, documentary, drama, education, entertainment, factual, indigenous, movies, natural history and environment, religion and ethics, science and technology, sport and children's shows. 4.9 Section 4 of the Parliament Proceedings Broadcasting Act further requires ABC to broadcast the proceedings of Parliament, including joint sittings of both Houses of Parliament. 4.10 In addition, ABC produces regional programmes featuring regional and rural issues, local sports and community events. It has received government funding of A$54.4 million (HK$322.6 million)2 to provide regional and local programmes across all media between 2005-06 and 2007-08. 4.11 ABC also provides closed captioning and descriptive video programming for disabled people to facilitate their access to its programmes. For example, television programmes broadcast between 6 pm and 10:30 pm and news, current affairs and information programmes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sasha Mackay Thesis
    STORYTELLING AND NEW MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES: INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF THE ABC’S HEYWIRE FOR REGIONAL YOUTH Sasha Mackay Bachelor of Fine Arts (Hons), Creative Writing Production Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Creative Industries Faculty Queensland University of Technology 2015 Keywords Australian Broadcasting Corporation Heywire new media narrative identity public service media regional Australia storytelling voice youth Storytelling and new media technologies: investigating the potential of the ABC’s Heywire for regional youth i Abstract This thesis takes a case study approach to examine the complexity of audience participation within the Australian public service media institution, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). New media technologies have both enabled and necessitated an increased focus on user created content and audience participation within the context of public service media (PSM) worldwide and such practices are now embedded within the remit of these institutions. Projects that engage audiences as content creators and as participants in the creation of their own stories are now prevalent within PSM; however, these projects represent spaces of struggle: a variety of institutional and personal agendas intersect in ways that can be fruitful though at other times produce profound challenges. This thesis contributes to the wider conversation on audience participation in the PSM context by examining the tensions that emerge at this intersection of agendas, and the challenges and potentials these produce for the institution as well as the individuals whose participation it invites. The case study for this research – Heywire – represents one of the first instances of content-related participation within the ABC.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Revellers at New Year’S Eve 2018 – the Night Is Yours
    AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Revellers at New Year’s Eve 2018 – The Night is Yours. Image: Jared Leibowtiz Cover: Dianne Appleby, Yawuru Cultural Leader, and her grandson Zeke 11 September 2019 The Hon Paul Fletcher MP Minister for Communications, Cyber Safety and the Arts Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Dear Minister The Board of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation is pleased to present its Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2019. The report was prepared for section 46 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, in accordance with the requirements of that Act and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983. It was approved by the Board on 11 September 2019 and provides a comprehensive review of the ABC’s performance and delivery in line with its Charter remit. The ABC continues to be the home and source of Australian stories, told across the nation and to the world. The Corporation’s commitment to innovation in both storytelling and broadcast delivery is stronger than ever, as the needs of its audiences rapidly evolve in line with technological change. Australians expect an independent, accessible public broadcasting service which produces quality drama, comedy and specialist content, entertaining and educational children’s programming, stories of local lives and issues, and news and current affairs coverage that holds power to account and contributes to a healthy democratic process. The ABC is proud to provide such a service. The ABC is truly Yours. Sincerely, Ita Buttrose AC OBE Chair Letter to the Minister iii ABC Radio Melbourne Drive presenter Raf Epstein.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2006-2007: Part 2 – Overview
    24 international broadcasting then... The opening transmission of Radio Australia in December 1939, known then as “Australia Calling”. “Australia Calling… Australia Calling”, diminishing series of transmission “hops” announced the clipped voice of John Royal around the globe. For decades to come, through the crackle of shortwave radio. It was listeners would tune their receivers in the a few days before Christmas 1939. Overseas early morning and dusk and again at night broadcasting station VLQ 2—V-for-victory, to receive the clearest signals. Even then, L-for-liberty, Q-for-quality—had come alive signal strength lifted and fell repeatedly, to the impending terror of World War II. amid the atmospheric hash. The forerunner of Radio Australia broadcast Australia Calling/Radio Australia based itself in those European languages that were still in Melbourne well south of the wartime widely used throughout South-East Asia at “Brisbane Line” and safe from possible the end of in the colonial age—German, Dutch, Japanese invasion. Even today, one of Radio French, Spanish and English. Australia’s principal transmitter stations is located in the Victorian city of Shepparton. Transmission signals leapt to the ionosphere —a layer of electro-magnetic particles By 1955, ABC Chairman Sir Richard Boyer surrounding the planet—before reflecting summed up the Radio Australia achievement: down to earth and bouncing up again in a “We have sought to tell the story of this section 2 25 country with due pride in our achievements international broadcasting with Australia and way of life, but without ignoring the Television. Neither the ABC nor, later, differences and divisions which are inevitable commercial owners of the service could in and indeed the proof of a free country”.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha ELT Listing
    Lienholder Name Lienholder Address City State Zip ELT ID 1ST ADVANTAGE FCU PO BX 2116 NEWPORT NEWS VA 23609 CFW 1ST COMMAND BK PO BX 901041 FORT WORTH TX 76101 FXQ 1ST FNCL BK USA 47 SHERMAN HILL RD WOODBURY CT 06798 GVY 1ST LIBERTY FCU PO BX 5002 GREAT FALLS MT 59403 ESY 1ST NORTHERN CA CU 1111 PINE ST MARTINEZ CA 94553 EUZ 1ST NORTHERN CR U 230 W MONROE ST STE 2850 CHICAGO IL 60606 GVK 1ST RESOURCE CU 47 W OXMOOR RD BIRMINGHAM AL 35209 DYW 1ST SECURITY BK WA PO BX 97000 LYNNWOOD WA 98046 FTK 1ST UNITED SVCS CU 5901 GIBRALTAR DR PLEASANTON CA 94588 W95 1ST VALLEY CU 401 W SECOND ST SN BERNRDNO CA 92401 K31 360 EQUIP FIN LLC 300 BEARDSLEY LN STE D201 AUSTIN TX 78746 DJH 360 FCU PO BX 273 WINDSOR LOCKS CT 06096 DBG 4FRONT CU PO BX 795 TRAVERSE CITY MI 49685 FBU 777 EQUIPMENT FIN LLC 600 BRICKELL AVE FL 19 MIAMI FL 33131 FYD A C AUTOPAY PO BX 40409 DENVER CO 80204 CWX A L FNCL CORP PO BX 11907 SANTA ANA CA 92711 J68 A L FNCL CORP PO BX 51466 ONTARIO CA 91761 J90 A L FNCL CORP PO BX 255128 SACRAMENTO CA 95865 J93 A L FNCL CORP PO BX 28248 FRESNO CA 93729 J95 A PLUS FCU PO BX 14867 AUSTIN TX 78761 AYV A PLUS LOANS 500 3RD ST W SACRAMENTO CA 95605 GCC A/M FNCL PO BX 1474 CLOVIS CA 93613 A94 AAA FCU PO BX 3788 SOUTH BEND IN 46619 CSM AAC CU 177 WILSON AVE NW GRAND RAPIDS MI 49534 GET AAFCU PO BX 619001 MD2100 DFW AIRPORT TX 75261 A90 ABLE INC 503 COLORADO ST AUSTIN TX 78701 CVD ABNB FCU 830 GREENBRIER CIR CHESAPEAKE VA 23320 CXE ABOUND FCU PO BX 900 RADCLIFF KY 40159 GKB ACADEMY BANK NA PO BX 26458 KANSAS CITY MO 64196 ATF ACCENTRA CU 400 4TH
    [Show full text]
  • Community Radio National Listener Survey 2018
    Community Radio National Listener Survey 2018 Summary Report of Findings Community Broadcasting Association of Australia May 2018 Table of Contents 1. Background .................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 McNair Community Radio National Listener Survey .................................................................5 1.2 McNair yellowSquares ..........................................................................................................................5 2. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Awareness of Community Radio ......................................................................................................6 2.2 How Many People Listen to Community Radio .........................................................................6 2.3 How Much They Listen and When ...................................................................................................7 2.4 Why They Listen ....................................................................................................................................8 2.5 Who Listens .............................................................................................................................................9 3. Method ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Telephone Survey ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Protocol for Filmmakers Working with Indigenous
    The Australian Film Commission is developing a new protocol for FEBRUARY 2003 filmmakers (both non-Indigenous and Indigenous) working in the Indigenous area. The protocol will provide a framework to assist and encourage recognition and respect for the images, knowledge and stories of Indigenous people, as represented in documentaries and drama, including short dramas, feature films and television drama. HAVE YOUR SAY This issues paper has been prepared to seek your comments and opinions on what should be covered in the protocol. You can send your submissions in writing by post, fax or email, or on audio or videotape. You could also contact the consultant, Terri Janke, and organise a phone interview. Submissions should be sent to: issues paper: Terri Janke Closing date for submissions is 30 June 2003. Terri Janke and Company Towards a Protocol for Filmmakers Working with PO Box 780 Rosebery NSW 1445 Indigenous Content and Indigenous Communities Phone: 02 9693 2577 Fax: 02 9693 2566 Email: [email protected] Prepared by Terri Janke & Company For the Indigenous Unit of the Australian Film Commission GPO Box 3984 Woolloomooloo NSW 2001 Ph: 1800 226 615 Copyright © Australian Film Commission February 2003 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the Australian
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Content on SBS and Related Matters
    Australian content on SBS and related matters Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: Inquiry into Australian content on broadcast, radio and streaming services The impact SBS has h a d on the A u s t r a l i a n film and television community and culture cannot be underestimated. Save Our SBS Inc SaveOurSBS.org supporters & friends of SBS Save Our SBS Inc PO Box 2122 Mt Waverley VIC 3149 ph: 03 9008 0644 www.SaveOurSBS.org [email protected] 9 February 2018 Committee Secretary Senate Standing Committees on Environment & Communications PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 by email to: [email protected] Inquiry into Australian content on broadcast, radio and streaming services Save Our SBS Inc is the peak body for supporters & friends of SBS represented in all States and Territories and we welcome this opportunity to present our submission about Australian content on SBS and related matters. Save Our SBS Inc SaveOurSBS.org page 2 of 31 supporters & friends of SBS Table of Contents Australian content on SBS and related matters...................................................................................... 1 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 4 SBS television .......................................................................................................................................... 5 What is Australian content? ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Radio National Listener Survey 2019
    Community Radio National Listener Survey 2019 Summary Report of Findings Community Broadcasting Association of Australia February 2020 Table of Contents 1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 McNair Community Radio National Listener Survey .................................................................. 5 1.2 McNair yellowSquares ............................................................................................................................ 5 2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Awareness of Community Radio ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2 How Many People Listen to Community Radio ........................................................................... 6 2.3 How Much They Listen and When ..................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Why They Listen ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Who Listens ................................................................................................................................................ 9 3. Method ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Series 2, Episode 1
    SERIES 2, EPISODE 1 © ATOM 2013 A STUDY GUIDE BY KATY MARRINER http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN: 978-1-74295-366-3 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au Redfern Now Series 2 portrays contemporary inner-city Indigenous life in and around the suburb of Redfern in Sydney, New South Wales. The series offers compelling stories of ordinary people dealing with the ups and downs that life brings. Redfern Now is a drama series written, directed and produced by Indigenous Australians. The series was developed in collaboration with UK screenwriter Jimmy McGovern and is produced by Blackfella Films’ Darren Dale and Miranda Dear, and presented by ABC TV and Screen Australia in association with Screen NSW. CURRICULUM Now has relevance to units of work in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander LINKS Studies, Australian History, Cultural Studies, English, Health and Human Redfern Now is suitable for second- Development, Literature, Media, ary students in Years 9–12. The Religion and Society, and Sociology. series offers stories of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples told by Teachers are advised to direct stu- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander dents to complete activities that are peoples, allowing students to develop subject-relevant and age-appropriate. an awareness and appreciation of Indigenous storytelling and to see the issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres BLACKFELLA Strait Islanders from their perspective. FILMS Given its insight into the present expe- For twenty years, Blackfella Films has riences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait created innovative and high-quality Islander peoples, the series provides content across documentary and nar- opportunities for students to engage rative in both short and feature formats in discussions about Aboriginal and for theatrical, television and online plat- Torres Strait Islander identity and be- forms.
    [Show full text]
  • 1786 SBS Serv Bro PDF.Qx
    CONTENTS SBS CORPORATION SBS Television SBS Radio SBS New Media SBS RADIO SBS Radio SBS TELEVISION SBS Television SBS Independent Special Broadcasting SBS NEW MEDIA PAY TV Service New Media Pay TV SBS ADVERTISING & SERVICES SBS Television SBS Radio SBS Language Services Brides of Khan > SBS CORPORATION < The Boys The Special Broadcasting Service Yolngu Boy > (SBS) is Australia’s multicultural and multilingual public broadcaster. By combining the best of world television and cinema with quality local productions – many commissioned from Australia’s most creative independent filmmakers – SBS Television provides Australian audiences with an extraordinarily diverse and unique programming schedule, half of which is the voice and vision of multicultural Australia in languages other than English. With English language subtitles, produced by SBS, these programs are accessible to all Australians. SBS is the world’s only multicultural and multilingual broadcaster. Programs in more than 60 languages are broadcast on SBS Television. Sixty-eight languages are spoken on SBS Radio, and SBS Radio SBS Online provides text and audio-on-demand in more than 60 languages. SBS Radio is the world’s most linguistically diverse broadcaster, No other network, anywhere in the world, broadcasts in as many languages. < Sparky reaching many of the 2.5 million Australians who speak a language other than English at home. SBS is the voice and the vision of multicultural Australia. Its mandate is to define, foster and celebrate Australia’s cultural diversity through programs that “inform, It produces more than 15,000 hours of language-specific educate and entertain” all Australians and reflect the true nature of Australia’s programs each year, including an hour-long current affairs multicultural society.
    [Show full text]
  • Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms
    Army Regulation 310–50 Military Publications Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 November 1985 Unclassified USAPA EPS - * FORMAL * TF 2.45 05-21-98 07:23:12 PN 1 FILE: r130.fil SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 310–50 Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms This revision-- o Contains new and revised abbreviations, brevity codes , and acronyms. o Incorporates chapter 4, sections I and II of the previous regulation into chapters 2 and 3. o Redesignates chapter 5 of the previous regulation as chapter 4. USAPA EPS - * FORMAL * TF 2.45 05-21-98 07:23:13 PN 2 FILE: r130.fil Headquarters Army Regulation 310–50 Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 November 1985 Effective 15 November 1985 Military Publications Authorized Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms has been made to highlight changes from the a p p r o v a l f r o m H Q D A ( D A A G – A M S – P ) , earlier regulation dated 15February 1984. ALEX, VA 22331–0301. Summary. This regulation governs Depart- m e n t o f t h e A r m y a b b r e v i a t i o n s , b r e v i t y Interim changes. Interim changes to this codes, and acronyms. regulation are not official unless they are au- thenticated by The Adjutant General. Users Applicability. This regulation applies to el- will destroy interim changes on their expira- ements of the Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships 38Across Sectors CBD Technical Series No
    Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. 38 Convention on Biological Diversity Access and Benefit-Sharing in practice: Trends In Partnerships 38Across Sectors CBD Technical Series No. 38 ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING IN PRACTICE: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors Sarah Laird and Rachel Wynberg People and Plants International, [email protected] Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. Tel: +7 650 866 / Fax: +7 650 379 / Email: [email protected] Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN: 9-95-089- Copyright © 008, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity nor those of the reviewers. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (008). Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors. Montreal, Technical Series No. 38, 40 pages.
    [Show full text]