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Historia Y Periodismo En Las Novelas De Silvia Galvis Es Una Tesis Que Explora La Relación Existente Entre La Novelís

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Historia Y Periodismo En Las Novelas De Silvia Galvis Es Una Tesis Que Explora La Relación Existente Entre La Novelís Resumen: Historia y periodismo en las novelas de Silvia Galvis es una tesis que explora la relación existente entre la novelística de Galvis y la influencia de dos fenómenos distintivos en la tradición literaria hispanoamericana: la historia y el periodismo. La tesis analiza las novelas de Galvis principalmente desde la perspectiva histórica y periodística. Explora las características principales de la novela histórica para relacionar este género narrativo con las novelas de Galvis y así determinar en qué medida son o no son históricas. Se vale de la investigación histórico-política de Galvis sobre Colombia para ilustrar la pertinencia de ésta en sus novelas. En cuanto a la perspectiva periodística, se analiza el papel del periodismo en Hispanoamérica y en Colombia para mostrar la interrelación de esta profesión con la escritura literaria y mostrar la estrecha relación entre estas dos profesiones a lo largo del las novelas de Galvis y su columna de opinión en El Espectador. La tesis enfatiza la constante interconexión entre la historia política de Colombia y la función del periodismo en el país. Conecta por lo tanto la investigación histórica de Galvis sobre la política y el periodismo con los temas y estilos de sus novelas para resaltar esta característica especial en su producción literaria. Estudia los diferentes mecanismos formales de las novelas de Galvis para narrar diversos períodos y lugares en la historia de Colombia y cómo su columna provee una visión reveladora a su narrativa de ficción. La tesis igualmente enfoca en cómo las novelas de Galvis tratan de mantener viva la memoria histórica del país por medio del proceso de escritura. Por lo tanto se presta especial atención al papel de sus personajes y narradores como historiadores, periodistas o cronistas de sus propios lugares y eventos políticos. -1- Abstract History and Journalism in Silvia Galvis’s Novels explores the relationship between Galvis’s novels and the influence of two distinctive phenomena in the Spanish American literary tradition: history and journalism. The thesis analyses Galvis’s novels from historical and journalistic perspectives. It explores the main characteristics of the historical novel in order to relate this genre to Galvis’s novels and to assess the extent to which they are historical or not. It draws on Galvis’s historical research on Colombian history and politics to illustrate its relevance in her novels. From a journalistic perspective, the thesis analyses the role of journalism in Spanish America and Colombia in particular, to show the interrelation of this profession with literary writing and the close link between the two professions in Galvis’s novels and columns in El Espectador. The thesis emphasises the constant interrelation between the political history of Colombia and the political function of journalism in the country. It links therefore Galvis’s historical research on politics and journalism with the themes and style of her novels in order to demonstrate this special characteristic of her literary production. It studies the formal mechanisms in Galvis’s novels employed to narrate different periods and places in the history of Colombia and how her columns provide an insight in to her fictional narrative. The thesis also explores on how Galvis’s novels keep alive historical memory in Colombia through the process of writing. Therefore it pays special attention to the role of her characters and narrators as historians, journalists or chroniclers of their own political places and events. -2- Historia y periodismo en las novelas de Silvia Galvis por Jeannette Uribe-Duncan Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Nottingham, May 2011 -3- AGRADECIMIENTOS Esta tesis se ha podido llevar a cabo gracias a la dedicación, confianza, apoyo y estímulo que me ha dado mi directora de tesis Catherine Davies. Gracias a sus comentarios críticos y sugerencias y a su paciente guía se ha logrado concluir esta investigación sobre esta escritora colombiana. Debo también agradecer a Silvia Galvis por haberme regalado fotocopias de muchas de sus columnas en una ocasión que la contacté para informarle que me interesaban sus novelas y que encontraba difícil acceso a todas sus columnas publicadas en El Espectador. De forma similar debo mis agradecimientos a su esposo, Alberto Donadío, a quien escribí en varias ocasiones para que me diera información sobre reseñas acerca de la obra de Galvis, sobre la familia de Galvis, como también para pedirle contactos en el diario El Espectador para encontrar información sobre Silvia Galvis y la recepción de sus columnas. A todos los que contestaron a mis llamadas y respondieron a mis preguntas muchas gracias también. Además, quiero agradecer a Mark Millington por sus sugerencias y apoyo y así mismo a la Universidad de Nottingham por permitirme realizar esta investigación. Por último, debo dar las gracias muy especiales a mi esposo, Francis Duncan, y a mi hermana, Carolina Uribe, por su constante ayuda en momentos difíciles durante este proceso, por sus sugerencias y a Carolina por envíos de libros y artículos desde Colombia a Inglaterra que fueron fundamentales para esta investigación. -4- Historiadores y novelistas encuadernarán sus embustes y los venderán a muy buen precio. A ellos no les interesa contar los hechos sino contar que los cuentan. Roa Bastos, Yo, el supremo Debo, creo que también al periodismo, el haber entendido la literatura como algo enraizado en la vida, no como un mero ejercicio de la imaginación Vargas Llosa, La verdad de las mentiras -5- -6- Contenido Introducción 10 Capítulo 1. Silvia Galvis 16 1.1.Galvis, tradición y contexto 18 1.2. La labor editorial y recepción 24 Capítulo 2. Historia y Literatura 30 2.1. Novela y novela histórica 32 2.2. La novela histórica en Hispanoamérica 44 Capítulo 3. Periodismo y Literatura 50 3.1. La prensa en Hispanoamérica 51 3.2. Periodismo y literatura: una tradición que continúa 54 3.2.1. Periodismo y Modernismo 58 3.2.2. Comentarios de escritores y periodistas 62 3.3. Una mirada histórica al desarrollo del periodismo en Colombia 65 3.4. El Espectador 68 Capítulo 4. ¡Viva Cristo Rey! (1991) 78 4.1. La investigación historiográfica en ¡Viva Cristo Rey! 78 4.2. La columna en relación con ¡Viva Cristo Rey! 86 4.3. Reseñas y niveles de historicidad 89 4.4. Registrando la historia y rebelándose contra el olvido 95 4.5. Título y Estructura 97 4.6. Las familias 99 -7- 4.7. Voces narrativas 104 4.8. Cronotopos y prensa 110 4.9. Exilio y desarraigo 115 Capítulo 5. Sabor a mí (1994) 121 5.1. Sabor a mí y su contexto 121 5.2. Niveles de historicidad 125 5.3. Cultura popular en la columna y en Sabor a mí 131 5.3.1. Música, radionovela y cine 133 5.3.2. Personajes de su columna 139 5.4. Estructura y estilo de Sabor a mí 141 5.5. Crítica social 148 5.6. Escrituras diversas 151 5.7. Narradoras oyentes y voces radiales 156 5.8. Cronotopos cerrados 158 5.9. Conclusiones a capítulos 4 y 5 160 Capítulo 6: Soledad, conspiraciones y suspiros (2002) 165 6.1. Trasfondo histórico de Soledad 169 6.2. La versión histórico-ficticia de Galvis 173 6.3. Estructura 178 6.4. Soledad y Rafael 182 6.5. Voces y perspectivas 199 6.5.1. Voces externas al acontecer 200 6.5.2. Voces internas al acontecer 205 6.5.3. Transgresiones narrativas 218 6.6. Dos tiempos, dos espacios 220 6.7. Conclusión 227 Capítulo 7: La mujer que sabía demasiado (2006) y Un mal asunto (2009) 231 7.1. Los hechos reales 234 7.2. Los casos en las columnas de El Espectador 238 7.3. El género detectivesco en Hispanoamérica 242 7.4. Título, estructura y referencias 247 -8- 7.5. El formato detectivesco 249 7.6. Narradores y estilos 260 7.7. Conclusiones 268 Conclusiones 271 Anexos 283 Bibliografía de Silvia Galvis 289 Bibliografía general 291 -9- INTRODUCCIÓN Este es el primer estudio a fondo de las cinco novelas de Silvia Galvis producidas entre 1991 y 2010. Estudiar el trabajo literario de Galvis se hace necesario porque a lo largo de su narrativa de ficción se observan fenómenos paradigmáticos de la narrativa hispanoamericana y colombiana como por ejemplo la relación que plantea entre la ficción narrativa, la historiografía y la práctica periodística, tan común entre escritores hispanoamericanos. La narrativa de ficción de Galvis es también pertinente porque además de ser distintiva y variada en el uso de géneros y narradores, busca recuperar la memoria histórica de Colombia a la vez que utiliza la ficción como instrumento de crítica y denuncia sobre episodios históricos y políticos cruciales en la historia de Colombia. A pesar de que Galvis también escribió en co-autoría libros de historia y es autora de un gran número de columnas y dos libros de entrevistas, no se han realizado aún estudios sobre su trabajo historiográfico ni periodístico lo que amerita la necesidad de un estudio de su novelística en cuanto ésta subsume rasgos de sus otras dos producciones escritas. Esta tesis enfoca especialmente en las novelas de la autora para examinar la interrelación que se establece entre su trabajo periodístico e historiográfico, pero no pretende desarrollar un estudio detallado de su trabajo histórico ni de su producción periodística como tales. Sin embargo, estas dos prácticas narrativas constituyen parte fundamental en el estudio de su novelística dado que su trabajo ficticio incorpora temas que también pueden observarse en su producción histórica y periodística. Por esta razón una de las preguntas que trata de -10- dilucidarse aquí es qué rasgos toma y deja Galvis de su investigación historiográfica y de su columna periodística en su novelística, y cómo y por qué se entrelazan estas dos prácticas.
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