DOCSLIB.ORG

The Conquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Conquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada THE CONQUERORS OF THE NEW KINGDOM OF GRANADA By JOSE IGNACIO AVELLANEDA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Or DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1990 Copyright 1990 by Jose Ignacio Avellaneda To Ippolita Monica Silvana Carolina Ignacio Hipolito ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Murdo J. MacLeod, my chairman, for his patience and cooperation thoroughout the lengthy process of writing this dissertation. I would also like to thank my committee members, Professors Lyle N. McAlister, David Bushnell, Michael V. Gannon, and Michael E. Moseley, who helped to shape my work. Others from the Department of History of the University of Florida and other academic institutions devoted their energies to guide my efforts; among these I owe a debt of gratitude to Professors Peter Boyd-Bowman, Sylvia Broadbent, German Colmenares, Jeffrey D. Needell, Darrett B. Rutman, and Juan A. Villamarin, who helped me in broadening my understanding of history and archaeology. Financial support for part of my research came from the Vining Davis/Curtis Wilgus grants, the Department of History at the University of Florida, the Spain-Florida Alliance, and the Instituto de Cooperacion Ibero-Americano . To these organizations I am indebted. My research was carried out in the archives of Colombia and Spain. I would like to thank in Colombia Mrs. Pilar Moreno de Angel, Dr. Hedwig Hartmann, and Dr. Jorge Palacios Preciado, directors of the Archivo Nacional de Colombia, Archivo Central del Cauca, and Archivo Regional de Boyaca, respectively, and their able staffs, for their valuable archival assistance. I would also like to thank Mrs. Rosario Parra, director of the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, and her staff, for their personal iv attention including the answering of so many letters requesting copies of documents or additional information. I am also indebted to my friends who have seen me through these years of graduate study and for their criticisms and help. I am especially thankful to Robin Lauriault who attempted to explain the intricacies of the English language while correcting parts of this dissertation. Finally, I would like to thank my dear family without whose support I would not have had the courage of make the sacrifices inherent in graduate study at this point in life. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x ABBREVIATIONS xi ABSTRACT xiv CHAPTER 1 ANTECEDENTS OF THE EXPEDITIONS 1 Early Antecedents of the Expeditions 2 Antecedents of the Conquering Expeditions 5 Events Preceding Gonzalo Jimenez’s Expedition 6 Events Preceding Nikolaus Federmann’s Expedition ... 17 Events Preceding Sebastian de Belalcazar’s Expedition . 24 Relation of These Expeditions With Others of the Americas . 27 Notes 30 CHAPTER 2 THE EXPEDITIONS 33 Organization 33 Internal Relations 35 External Relations 40 Description 44 Gonzalo Jimenez’s Expedition 44 Nikolaus Federmann’s Expedition 50 Sebastian de Belalcazar’s Expedition 53 Jeronimo Lebron’s Expedition 55 Lope Montalvo de Lugo’s Expedition 60 Alonso Luis de Lugo’s Expedition 62 Causes of Death Among the Conquerors 66 Persons Traveling to the New Kingdom Outside the Expeditions 72 Notes 75 CHAPTER 3 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONQUERORS 79 Their Numbers 80 Places of Birth 81 Year of Birth 86 Race 89 Africans 89 Amerindians 93 Jews 94 Mestizos 95 Moors 95 Gender 96 Notes 99 CHAPTER 4 BACKGROUND OF THE CONQUERORS 100 Education 100 Religion 110 Experience in Europe Ill Experience in the Indies 112 Economic Means 114 Social Class 126 Notes 139 CHAPTER 5 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW KINGDOM .... 141 The Municipal Government: The Founding of Cities 141 The Provincial Government 154 Political Influence of the First Colonizers 155 Notes 161 CHAPTER 6 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 163 Encomenderos and Encomiendas 164 Trades and Professions 176 Farmers 177 Merchants, Traders, and Carriers 180 Artisans 183 Miners 185 Scribes and Minor Official Employees 187 Professionals 189 Priests 190 Notes 194 vii CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION—THE NEW SOCIETY 196 Marital Unions 197 White Society 202 The Meaning of Hidalguia in the New Kingdom of Granada 205 Other Members of White Society 222 Indian Society 226 Prehistory 228 Ethnohistory 228 Social Organization 232 Castas 242 Africans 242 Mestizo 244 Mulatto 248 Notes 250 CONCLUSIONS 256 The Expeditions —Chapters 1 and 2 256 The Conquest—Chapters 3 and 4 264 The Early Colonization—Chapters 5 to 7 266 APPENDIX A THE CONQUERORS OF THE NEW KINGDOM OF GRANADA ... 274 APPENDIX B CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURVIVORS 332 APPENDIX C PUBLIC POSTS HELD BY THE CONQUERORS 344 APPENDIX D ENCOMENDEROS AND THEIR ENCOMIENDAS 352 APPENDIX E MARITAL UNIONS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN 360 BIBLIOGRAPHY 369 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 379 viii LIST OF TABLES 1. Number of Conquerors Who Departed, Arrived, and Identified Survivors 81 2 . Spanish Region or Country of Origin of the Conquerors 84 3. Origins of the Conquerors of the New Kingdom as Compared with those of Panama in 1519, Mexico in 1519, and Peru in 1533 . 86 4. Ages of the Conquerors Upon Arrival to the New Kingdom 88 5. Age Groups of the Conquerors of the New Kingdom and Peru .... 89 6. Number of Conquerors Who Could Sign Their Names 104 7. Signature Signing Ability of the Conquerors of the New Kingdom and Peru 105 8 . Experience in the Indies Prior to Arrival to the New Kingdom . 114 9. Economic Categories of the Conquerors 125 10. Tentative Social Classification of the Conquerors 130 11. Revised, Yet Incomplete, Social Classification 132 12. Social Classes of the Conquerors of Panama, 1519-1522 .... 135 13. Final Social Classification of the Conquerors of the New Kingdom 138 14. City Populations around 1570 154 15. Number of Times the Colonizers Were Alcaldes and Regidores . 159 16. Condensed Number of Marital Unions and Number of Children . 201 LIST OF FIGURES 1. The Province of the New Kingdom of Granada 3 2. The Routes of the Expeditions 47 3. The Indian Nations of the New Kingdom 230 x . ABBREVIATIONS AG I Archivo General de Indias , Sevilla, Spain AHP Archivo Historico de Popayan, Popayan, Colombia ANC Archivo Nacional de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia ARB Archivo Regional de Boyaca, Tunja, Colombia de Antiguedades Bogota, Colombia BHA Boletin Historia y , CDP Enrique Otero D’ Costa, Primer libro de actas del cabildo de la ciudad de Pamplona en la Nueva Granada. 1552-1561 (Bogota, 1950) CDQ Jose Rumazo Gonzalez, Libro primero de cabildos de Quito, 2 vols (Quito, 1934) ciudad de Tunia. CDT Enrique Ortega Ricaurte , Libro de cabildos de la 1539-1542 (Bogota, 1939) CGP Carmen Gomez Perez, Pedro de Heredia v Cartagena de Indias (Sevilla, 1984) CJA Coronel Joaquin Acosta, Compendio historico del descubrimiento v colonizacion de la Nueva Granada en el siglo decimo sexto (Paris, 1848) CPI Cristobal Bermudez Plata, Catalogo de pasaieros a Indias . vols., I, II, III (Sevilla, 1940-46); Luis Romera Iruela and Maria del Carmen Galbis Diez, vols., IV, V (Madrid, 1980); Maria del Carmen Galbis Diez, vols., VI, VII (Madrid, 1986) DF Dario Fajardo, El regimen de la encomienda en la provincia de Velez (Bogota, 1969) DIHC Juan Friede, Documentos ineditos para la historia de Colombia (1509- 1550 . 10 vols. (Bogota, 1955-60) EAF Eduardo Arcila Farias, El primer libro de la hacienda publica colonial de Venezuela. 1529-1538 (Caracas, 1984) EOD Enrique Otero D’ Costa, El cronicon solariego (Bucaramanga, 1972) xi . EOR Enrique Ortega Ricaurte, Libro de acuerdos de la audiencia real del Nuevo Reino de Granada . 2 vols (Bogota, . 1947) , ERT Ernesto Restrepo Tirado, "Documentos del Archivo de Indias " BHA vol. XXVI (1939), pp. 237-274, 293-335, 484-498, 679-765; XXVIII (1941), pp. 30-99, 501-560. FAL Fray Alberto Lee Lopez, "Cabildos de la Ciudad de Tunja. Libro Segundo," I- Archivos 1:1 (Jan.-Jun. 1967), pp. 5-91; II- Archivos 1:2 (Jul.-Dec. 1967), pp. 225-307; III- Archivos 2:3 (Jan. 1968-Dec. 1970), pp. 3-10; V- Archivos 4:5 (Jan. -Dec. 1972), pp. 7-49 FAZ Fray Alonso de Zamora, Historia de la nrovincia de San Antonino del Nuevo Reino de Granada . 4 vols. (Bogota, 1980) FDHNR Juan Friede, Fuentes documentales para la historia del Nuevo Reino de Granada. 8 vols. (Bogota, 1975-76) FPA Fray Pedro Aguado, Recopilacion historial . 4 vols. (Bogota, 1956) FPS Fray Pedro Simon, Noticias historiales de las conauistas de Tierra Firme en las Indias Occidentales . 7 vols. (Bogota, 1981-82) GC German Colmenares, Encomienda v poblacion en la provincia de Pamplona. 1559-1650 (Bogota, 1969) GFO Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia general v natural de las Indias, 5 vols. (Madrid, 1959) GHA Guillermo Hernandez de Alba, "Primicia Documental del Archivo de la ciudad de Bogota, " Boletin cultural v bibiografico 11:10 (1968), pp 51-70 JC Juan Castellanos, Elegias de varones ilustres de Indias . 4 vols. (Bogota, 1955) JF1 Juan Friede, Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada a traves de documentos historicos (Bogota, 1960) JF2 Juan Friede, Los Welser en la conauista de Venezuela (Caracas- Madrid, 1961) JFO Juan Florez de Ocariz Genealogias del Nuevo Reino Granada . 3 , de vols. (Bogota, 1943-55). The genealogical trees are included in the first edition only, 2 vols. (Madrid, 1674-76) JMG Jose Manuel Groot, Historia eclesiastica v civil de la Nueva Granada . 5 vols. (Bogota, 1889-93) xii JOB Jose de Oviedo y Banos, Historia de la conauista v poblacion de Venezuela . 2 vols (Caracas, 1982) . JRF Juan Rodriguez Freile, El carnero (Bogota, 1977) JRPV Academia Nacional de la Historia, Juicios de Residencia de la provincia de Venezuela : I- Los Welser (Caracas, 1977); II- Juan Perez de Tolosa y Juan de Villegas (Caracas, 1980) LFP Lucas Fernandez de Piedrahita, Noticia historial de la conauista del Nuevo Reino de Granada .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prehispanic and Colonial Settlement Patterns of the Sogamoso Valley
    PREHISPANIC AND COLONIAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE SOGAMOSO VALLEY by Sebastian Fajardo Bernal B.A. (Anthropology), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2006 M.A. (Anthropology), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2009 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Sebastian Fajardo Bernal It was defended on April 12, 2016 and approved by Dr. Marc Bermann, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Olivier de Montmollin, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Lara Putnam, Professor and Chair, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Robert D. Drennan, Distinguished Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Sebastian Fajardo Bernal 2016 iii PREHISPANIC AND COLONIAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE SOGAMOSO VALLEY Sebastian Fajardo Bernal, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 This research documents the social trajectory developed in the Sogamoso valley with the aim of comparing its nature with other trajectories in the Colombian high plain and exploring whether economic and non-economic attractors produced similarities or dissimilarities in their social outputs. The initial sedentary occupation (400 BC to 800 AD) consisted of few small hamlets as well as a small number of widely dispersed farmsteads. There was no indication that these communities were integrated under any regional-scale sociopolitical authority. The population increased dramatically after 800 AD and it was organized in three supra-local communities. The largest of these regional polities was focused on a central place at Sogamoso that likely included a major temple described in Spanish accounts.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardinal Glass-NIE World of Wonder 11-19-20
    Opening The Windows Of Curiosity Sponsored by Sometimes called the May Flower or the Christmas Orchid, Spec Ad-NIE World Of Wonder 2019 Supporting Ed Top Colombia’s national flower Exploring the realms of history, science, nature and technology is rare and grows high in the cloud forests. The national flag has three horizontal bands of yellow, blue and red. EveryCOLOMBIA color has a different meaning: This South American country is famous for its proud Red symbolizes the blood spilled in people, coffee, emeralds, flowers and, unfortunately, the war for independence. Yellow represents the land’s gold its illegal drug traffic. Colombia is also notable as a and abundant natural riches. Blue signifies the land’s highly diverse country — it is estimated that 1 in every 10 seas, its liberty and sovereignty. Cattleya species of flora and fauna on earth can be found here. trianae orchid In a word Riohacha Just the facts The official name of Colombia Area 440,831 sq. mi. Santa Marta is the Republic of (1,141,748 sq. km) Colombia. It was named for Caribbean Barranquilla Population 50,372,424 the explorer Christopher Co- Sea Valledupar lumbus. The country’s name is Capital city Bogotá Panama pronounced koh-LOHM-bee-ah. Highest elevation City Early Spanish colonists called Montería Pico Cristóbal Colón PANAMA Colombia is the the land New Granada. VENEZUELA 18,947 ft. (5,775 m) Cauca Cúcuta only country in Atrato River South America that Lowest elevation Sea level Looking back River Arauca has coastlines on Agriculture Coffee, cut Medellín both the Pacific Before the Spanish arrived in Puerto Carreño flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, Pacific Quibdó Ocean and the 1499, the region was inhabited Tunja Caribbean Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitality of Damana, the Language of the Wiwa Indigenous Community
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 6-24-2020 3:00 PM Vitality of Damana, the language of the Wiwa Indigenous community Tatiana L. Fernandez Fernandez, The University of Western Ontario Supervisor: Bruhn de Garavito, Joyce, The University of Western Ontario : Trillos Amaya, Maria, Universidad del Atlantico A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the Master of Arts degree in Hispanic Studies © Tatiana L. Fernandez Fernandez 2020 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Fernandez Fernandez, Tatiana L., "Vitality of Damana, the language of the Wiwa Indigenous community" (2020). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 7134. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7134 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Vitality of Damana, the language of the Wiwa People The Wiwa are Indigenous1 people who live in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia. This project examines the vitality of Damana [ISO 693-3: mbp], their language, in two communities that offer high school education in Damana and Spanish. Its aim is to measure the level of endangerment of Damana according to the factors used in the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a questionnaire that gathered demographic and background language information, self-reported proficiency and use of Spanish and Damana [n=56].
    [Show full text]
  • Cartagena De Indias En El Siglo Xvii Cartagena De Indias En El Siglo Xvii
    editores ste libro contiene los trabajos que se presentaron en el V Simposio sobre la EHistoria de Cartagena, llevado a cabo por el Área Cultural del Banco de la Repú- blica los días 15 y 16 de septiembre de 2005. El encuentro tuvo como tema la vida de la Haroldo Calvo Stevenson ciudad en el siglo xvii, centuria que, se po- y dría decir, empezó para Cartagena en 1586 y terminó en 1697, es decir, desde el ataque de Cartagena de indias Francis Drake hasta la toma de Pointis. en el siglo xvii El siglo xvii es el periodo menos estudiado de la historiografía nacional y cartagenera. Quizás la razón estriba en que se trata de una Adolfo Meisel Roca época que no tiene los tintes heroicos de la gesta conquistadora y fundacional del siglo xvii xvi, la vistosidad de la colonia virreinal del siglo xviii, o el drama y las tristezas del xix. Llama la atención, por ejemplo, que la Histo- el siglo ria económica de Colombia editada por José Antonio Ocampo, que es el texto estándar Adolfo Meisel Roca y Haroldo Calvo Stevenson editores sobre la materia desde hace unos veinte años, se inicia con un ensayo de Germán Colmenares sobre la formación de la economía colonial y salta a un estudio de Jaime Jaramillo Uribe sobre la economía del Virreinato. La historia de Cartagena, quizás por las mismas razones, no ha sido ajena a este olvido. Cartagena de indias en banco de la república banco de la república Cartagena de Indias en el siglo xvii Cartagena de Indias en el siglo xvii Haroldo Calvo Stevenson Adolfo Meisel Roca editores cartagena, 2007 Simposio sobre la Historia de Cartagena (2005: Cartagena) Cartagena de Indias en el Siglo xvii / V Simposio sobre la Historia de Cartagena, realizado el 15 y 16 de septiembre de 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Estructuras Anulares En La Cordillera Oriental De Colombia Y Su Retaclen a Fenomenos Diapiricos
    Geologia Colombian a, 19, 1995 Estructuras anulares en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y su retaclen a fenomenos diapiricos JAIME GALVIS, RICARDO CORTES Y RICARDO DE LA ESPRIELLA Carrera 16 # 86A-31, 3er. Piso, Santafe de Bogota GALVIS, J., CORTES, R. & DE LA ESPRIELLA, R. (1995): Estructuras anulares en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y su Relaci6n a Fen6menos diapiricos.- GEOLOGIA COLOMBIANA, 19, pgs. 59-72, 20 Figs., Santate de Bogota. Palabras claves: Colombia-Cordillera Oriental, Diapirismo. RESUMEN depresion de estas, muy notable), en la region de socota- Socha-Paz de Rio, etc. En la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, hay un amplio En segundo lugar, se observaron cerros de forma domica, sector que presenta caracteristicas geograficas y g8Ol6- de los cuales hay uno muy caracterlsnco en vecindades de gicas muy especiales. En ese mismo sector hay algunos Sesquile y otro denominado Cerro La Jabonera al norte de tipos de mineralizacion muy bien definidos y ausentes Charala. en el resto del territorio nacional. En tercer lugar, es caracteristica la presencia de amplias La tectonica de dicha zona presenta particularidades zonas de material suelto de aspecto coluvial, en areas de que no han sido completamente explicadas. pendientes muy bajas y compuesto de bloques angulares Este sector sa extiende por el sur aproximadamente de tamaiios muy variables, algunos realmente gigantescos. hasta Villarrica (Tolima), al norte hasta la Mesa de los Tres buenos ejemplos se hallan en las siguientes localidades: santos y piedemonte de la Sierra del Cocuy. Por el este entre las poblaciones de Cabrera y Barichara y el rio hasta la falla del Borde Uanero, al oeste hasta la fallas Suarez, en la vertiente oriental del rio Blanco al norte de de Bituima y La salina.
    [Show full text]
  • Historiografía De Las Penas Privativas De La Libertad En Colombia
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA Tesis Doctoral Doctorado en Derecho Facultad de Derecho HISTORIOGRAFÍA DE LAS PENAS PRIVATIVAS DE LA LIBERTAD EN COLOMBIA Diego Alonso Arias Ramírez Directora de Tesis Doctora. María José Rodríguez Puerta Mayo de 2019 Firmas María José Rodríguez Puerta Diego Alonso Arias Ramírez Directora de Tesis Estudiante ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................ 5 Capítulo I ................................................................................................................................ 13 1. CONJETURAS GENEALÓGICAS SOBRE LOS DELITOS Y LAS PENAS EN LOS PUEBLOS ABORÍGENES COLOMBIANOS ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Apuntes preliminares .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Explore-Travel-Guides-R.Pdf
    Please review this travel guide on www.amazon.com Submit additional suggestions or comments to [email protected] Businesses in Colombia are constantly evolving, please send us any new information on prices, closures and any other changes to help us update our information in a timely manner. [email protected] Written and researched by Justin Cohen Copyright ©2013 by Explore Travel Guides Colombia ISBN – 978-958-44-8071-2 Map and book design by Blackline Publicidad EU Bogotá, Colombia This travel guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. You are free: to share, to copy, distribute and transmit this work. Distributed by Explore Travel Guides Colombia www.gotocolombia.com [email protected] CONTENTS General Information ............................................................................. 17 Colombia Websites for Travelers .............................................................. 48 Activities in Colombia ............................................................................. 59 A Brief History of Colombia ..................................................................... 64 Bogotá .................................................................................................. 89 Outside of Bogotá ................................................................................ 153 Suesca............................................................................................. 153 Guatavita .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Protected Area Management in the Amazon: the Importance of Social Networks Over Ecological Knowledge
    Sustainability 2012, 4, 3260-3278; doi:10.3390/su4123260 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Inclusive Protected Area Management in the Amazon: The Importance of Social Networks over Ecological Knowledge Paula Ungar 1,* and Roger Strand 2 1 Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Research on Biological Resources, Avenida Paseo de Bolívar (Circunvalar) 16–20, Bogotá, Colombia 2 Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7805, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-1-3202-767; Fax: +57-1-320-2767. Received: 3 September 2012; in revised form: 5 November 2012 / Accepted: 16 November 2012 / Published: 30 November 2012 Abstract: In the Amacayacu National Park in Colombia, which partially overlaps with Indigenous territories, several elements of an inclusive protected area management model have been implemented since the 1990s. In particular, a dialogue between scientific researchers, indigenous people and park staff has been promoted for the co-production of biological and cultural knowledge for decision-making. This paper, based on a four-year ethnographic study of the park, shows how knowledge products about different components of the socio-ecosystem neither were efficiently obtained nor were of much importance in park management activities. Rather, the knowledge pertinent to park staff in planning and management is the know-how required for the maintenance and mobilization of multi-scale social-ecological networks. We argue that the dominant models for protected area management—both top-down and inclusive models—underestimate the sociopolitical realm in which research is expected to take place, over-emphasize ecological knowledge as necessary for management and hold a too strong belief in decision-making as a rational, organized response to diagnosis of the PA, rather than acknowledging that thick complexity needs a different form of action.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepto Técnico Sobre Los Movimientos En Masa Localizados En El Municipio De Guaduas, Departamento De Cundinamarca
    INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA INGEOMINAS Panorámica sobre el río San Francisco. Abril 27 de 2011. CONCEPTO TÉCNICO SOBRE LOS MOVIMIENTOS EN MASA LOCALIZADOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE GUADUAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE CUNDINAMARCA Bogotá, mayo de 2011 República de Colombia MINISTERIO DE MINAS Y ENERGÍA INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA DIRECCIÓN TÉCNICA DEL SERVICIO GEOLÓGICO INGEOMINAS CONCEPTO TÉCNICO PARA MOVIMIENTOS EN MASA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE GUADUAS; DEPARTAMENTO DE CUNDINAMARCA Por: Geotecnista Gustavo A. Redondo G. Geólogo Harold G. Moya B. Bogotá, mayo de 2011 2 CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................ 5 2. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES ........................................................................... 6 3. LOCALIZACIÓN .................................................................................................. 7 4. ASPECTOS GEOLÓGICOS REGIONALES ....................................................... 8 4.1. ESTRATIGRAFÍA ............................................................................................. 8 4.1.1. GRUPO VILLETA .......................................................................................... 8 4.1.2. DEPÓSITOS CUATERNARIOS .................................................................. 10 4.2. GEOLOGÍA ESTRUCTURAL ......................................................................... 10 4.2.1. BLOQUE GUADUAS ................................................................................... 11
    [Show full text]
  • Documento FINAL Nota Tecnica Heladas
    ACTUALIZACION NOTA TECNICA HELADAS 2012 REALIZADO POR Olga Cecilia González Gómez Carlos Felipe Torres Triana. Contrato N° 201/2012 Subdirección de Meteorología TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. MARCO TEÓRICO …………………………………………………………….……………………………….4 1.1 Definición del fenómeno de heladas ………………………………...............……………………………4 1.2 Clasificación de heladas ……………………………………………………………………………………..4 1.2.1 Helada por advección ………………………………………………………………………………………...4 1.2.2 Helada por evaporación ……………………………………………………………………………………...4 1.2.3 Helada por radiación ………………………………………………………………………………………….4 1.3 Aspectos físicos ………………………………………………………………………………………………5 1.3.1 Balance radiativo ……………………………………………………………………………………………...5 1.3.2 Transmisión de calor …………………………………………………………………………………………6 1.3.3 Variación de la temperatura …………………………………………………………………………………7 1.4. Factores que favorecen las heladas ……………………………………………………………………….8 1.4.1 El vapor de agua ………………………………………………………………………………………………8 1.4.2 El suelo y la vegetación ……………………………………………………………………………………...8 1.4.3 El Viento ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...8 1.4.4 Topografía ………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 1.4.5 Nubosidad y la temperatura vespertina …………………………………………………………………..8 2. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LAS HELADAS EN COLOMBIA ………………………………………………9 2.1 Distribución espacial de las heladas ………………………………………………………………………9 2.2 Distribución temporal de las heladas ……………………………………...…………………….………11 3. REGISTROS HISTÓRICOS O ESTADÍSTICAS ……………………………………………………..…….11 3.1 Promedios de temperatura mínima y temperaturas mínimas absolutas
    [Show full text]
  • Morphosyntactic Properties of Chibchan Verbal Person Marking1 Matthias Pache Leiden University
    Morphosyntactic Properties of Chibchan Verbal Person Marking1 Matthias Pache Leiden University In typological terms, Chibchan is among the more heterogeneous language families in the Americas. This language family may therefore be considered as a relevant source of information on typological diversity and change. Chibchan languages are spoken in an area that extends from Honduras in the west to Venezuela in the east (see Map 1). In this language family, Adelaar (2007) has noted an uneven distribution of morphological complexity in terms of the number of categories encoded by bound elements. As a rule of thumb, the morphological complexity of Chibchan languages spoken in the eastern parts of the distribution area is relatively high. In contrast, several Chibchan languages spoken in Central America (Panama, Costa Rica) are somewhat less complex, morphologically speaking, that is, they tend to make use of more analytic constructions. One core area of typological diversity within Chibchan is verbal person marking, with synthetic verbal person marking attested for instance in Muisca and Barí (eastern part of the distribution area), and more analytic strategies attested for instance in Cabécar and Guaymí (central-western part of the distribution area) (see (1) and (2)).2 Barí (1) 'i-bɾa-mi 3.IO-speak-2SG.SBJ ‘Talk with him/her!’ (Héctor Achirabú, p.c.) Cabécar (2) dʒ͡ ís te bá sũwẽ́ɾá buɽía 1SG AD 2SG see.FUT tomorrow ‘I will see you (sg.) tomorrow.’ (Margery Peña 1989: cii) 1 The research leading to this paper has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement No.
    [Show full text]
  • 84354859013.Pdf
    Biomédica ISSN: 0120-4157 Instituto Nacional de Salud Casas-Vargas, Andrea; Romero, Liza M.; Usaquén, William; Zea, Sara; Silva, Margarita; Briceño, Ignacio; Gómez, Alberto; Rodríguez, José Vicente Diversidad del ADN mitocondrial en restos óseos prehispánicos Biomédica, vol. 37, núm. 4, Septiembre-Diciembre, 2017, pp. 548-560 Instituto Nacional de Salud DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.3377 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=84354859013 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Casas-VargasBiomédica 2017;37: A, Romero548-60 LM, Usaquén W, et al. Biomédica 2017;37:548-60 doi: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.3377 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Diversidad del ADN mitocondrial en restos óseos prehispánicos asociados al Templo del Sol en los Andes orientales colombianos Andrea Casas-Vargas1, Liza M. Romero1, William Usaquén1, Sara Zea1, Margarita Silva2, Ignacio Briceño3,4, Alberto Gómez3, José Vicente Rodríguez5 1 Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia 2 Museo Parque Arqueológico de Sogamoso, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sogamoso, Colombia 3 Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia 4 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia 5 Laboratorio de Antropología Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Introducción. El ADN antiguo que se extrae de los restos óseos humanos permite analizar la composición genética de las poblaciones precolombinas y determinar las dinámicas poblacionales que dieron origen a la diversidad de las poblaciones contemporáneas.
    [Show full text]