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Océano Profundo 2018: Exploring Deep-Sea Habitats Off Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Cruise Report

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Océano Profundo 2018: Exploring Deep-Sea Habitats Off Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Cruise Report EX-18-11 Expedition Report Océano Profundo 2018: Exploring Deep-Sea Habitats off Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands EX-18-11: Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (ROV & Mapping) October 30 - November 20, 2018 San Juan, Puerto Rico to San Juan, Puerto Rico Report Contributors: Daniel Wagner, Expedition Coordinator, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration & Research Derek Sowers, Mapping Lead, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration & Research Stacey M. Williams, Science Co-Lead, Institute for Socio-Ecological Research Steven Auscavitch, Science Co-Lead, Temple University Debi Blaney, Web Coordinator, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration & Research Megan Cromwell, Sample Data Manager, NOAA National Centers of Environmental Information 1, 2019 March 2 NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research 1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3 RM 10210 Silver Spring, MD 20910 ` Abstract Between October 30 and November 20, 2018, the Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and partners conducted a 22-day telepresence-enabled expedition on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer to collect critical baseline information about unknown and poorly understood deep-water areas surrounding Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The goal of the expedition was to use remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives in combination with mapping operations to increase our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems of this poorly studied region, as well as to provide a foundation of publicly-accessible data to spur further exploration, research, and management activities. Using OER’s dual-body ROV the expedition completed 19 successful dives ranging in depth from 250 to 5,000 meters that explored a wide diversity of habitats and geological features, including deep-sea fish habitats, deep-sea coral and sponge communities, midwater habitats, submarine canyons, submarine landslides, and more. Midwater explorations at depths ranging from 300 to 2,000 meters were also conducted during two ROV dives to investigate the diversity and abundance of the largely unknown pelagic fauna of the region. Overall, hundreds of different species were observed during ROV dive operations, including several potentially undescribed species and several range extensions. Throughout the expedition, 82 biological samples were collected (39 primary and 43 associated taxa), 19 of which represent either range expansions or potential new species. The remainder of the biological samples were collected to support studies on connectivity and biogeographic patterns across the Atlantic Ocean. Six high-density communities of deep-sea corals and sponges were documented during the expedition. Commercially important deep-water fish species were documented on six dives, including a sighting of the queen snapper (Etelis oculatus) at a record depth of 539 meters. Other noteworthy ROV observations included a translucent egg case with a catshark embryo actively swimming inside, first-time documentation of several species of deep-sea urchins feeding, and documentation of three species of sea stars that are likely new to science. Additionally, the expedition investigated diverse geological features, including two large submarine landslides, one of which is believed to have caused the large tsunami of 1918. Eight rock samples were collected for geochemical composition analyses and age-dating to increase our understanding of the geological context of this region. In addition to ROV dives, the expedition also included mapping operations using four different sonar systems (multibeam, split-beam, sub-bottom profiler and ADCP). Over 14,959 square kilometers of seafloor were mapped over the course of the expedition, including areas around Mona Island, Saba Valley, and Engao Canyon that had never before been mapped using high-resolution sonars. All 14.2 TB of data collected during the expedition, including video and environmental data collected on every ROV dive, mapping data, oceanographic and meteorological data, will be made publically available through national archives. Highlight images, videos, educational materials, and descriptions of the accomplishments of the expedition are available via the expedition website (https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1811/welcome.html). A total of 63 scientists, managers, and students from 37 institutions in seven countries participated in the expedition as members of the science team through telepresence technology. -2- ` This report can be cited as follows: Wagner D, Sowers D, Williams SM, Auscavitch S, Blaney D & Cromwell M (2018). EX-18-11 Expedition Report - Océano Profundo 2018: Exploring Deep-Sea Habitats off Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910. OER Expedition Report EX-18-11, 171 pp. doi: 10.25923/wc2n-qg29 For further information direct inquiries to: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research 1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3 RM 10210 Silver Spring, MD 20910 Phone: 301-734-1014 Fax: 301-713-4252 Email: [email protected] -3- ` Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 6 1.1. Expedition Overview……………………………………………………………………………………... 6 1.2. Rationale for Exploration……………………………………………………………………………..... 7 1.3. Expedition Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………..... 7 1.4. List of Participants………………………………………………………………………………….……...8 2. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 12 2.1. Operations Overview…………………………………………………………………………………... 12 2.2. Vessel Platform………………………………………………………………………………………….... 12 2.3. ROVs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 12 2.3.1. ROV Dive Operations……………………………………………………………………………... 13 2.3.2. Specimen Collections………………………………………………………………………….…..13 2.4. Mapping Operations…………………………………………………………………………………..... 15 2.4.1. Multibeam Sonar (Kongsberg EM302)........................................................................... 15 2.4.2. Sub-Bottom Profiler (Knudsen Chirp 3260)................................................................. 16 2.4.3. Split-Beam Sonar (Kongsberg EK60).............................................................................. 16 2.4.4. Acoustic Doppler Profiler (Teledyne Marine Workhorse Mariner ADCP)….... 16 2.5. Sun Photometer Measurements………………………………………………………………….... 16 2.6. Permits and Clearances……………………………………………………………………………….. 17 2.7. Expedition Schedule……………………………………………………………………………………. 18 2.8. Expedition Map………………………………………………………………………………………....... 19 3. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 20 3.1. Summary of Accomplished Objectives………………………………………………………….. 20 3.2. ROV Dive Operations…………………………………………………………………………………....24 3.3. Specimen Collections…………………………………………………………………………………... 25 3.4. Mapping Operations…………………………………………………………………………………..... 29 3.4.1. Multibeam Sonar (Kongsberg EM302)........................................................................... 29 3.4.2. Sub-Bottom Profiler (Knudsen Chirp 3260)................................................................. 29 3.4.3. Split-Beam Sonar (Kongsberg EK60).............................................................................. 29 -4- ` 3.4.4. Acoustic Doppler Profiler (Teledyne Marine Workhorse Mariner ADCP)........ 30 3.5. Sun Photometer Measurements………………………………………………………………….... 30 4. Engagement, Education and Outreach…………………………………………………………………...30 5. Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………………... 32 6. Appendices……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..34 6.1. Appendix A: EX1811 Data Management Plan………………………………………………...34 6.2. Appendix B: NEPA Categorical Exclusion Worksheet…………………………………….. 38 6.3. Appendix C: Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Concurrence Letter………43 6.4. Appendix D: Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Concurrence Letter……………………….45 6.5. Appendix E: Southeast Regional Office (SERO) Letter of Acknowledgement …..46 6.6. Appendix F: Permit for Activities in the Buck Island Reef National Monument..48 6.7. Appendix G: Permit for Activities in U.S. Territorial Waters of the U.S. Virgin Islands…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....56 6.8. Appendix H: Permit for Activities in U.S. Territorial Waters of Puerto Rico……..61 6.9. Appendix I: Permit for Activities in the EEZ of the Dominican Republic………….63 6.10. Appendix J: Dive Summary Forms for the 19 ROV Dives………………………………66 -5- ` 1. Introduction NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) is the only U.S. federal organization that is solely dedicated to exploring the global ocean. OER works with partners, collaborators, the scientific community, and the general public to identify priority areas for exploration, support innovations in exploration tools and capabilities, and encourage the next generation of ocean explorers, scientists, and engineers to pursue careers in ocean exploration and related fields. The data and information collected during OER expeditions gives resource managers, the academic community, and the private sector the information they need to identify, understand, and manage ocean resources for this and future generations. NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer is the only U.S. federal vessel dedicated to exploring our largely unknown ocean for the purpose of discovery and the advancement of knowledge. America’s future depends on understanding the ocean. We explore the ocean to make valuable scientific, economic, and cultural discoveries, and because ocean health and resilience are vital to our economy and to our lives. Exploration
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