DOCSLIB.ORG

Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast SCCWRP #1171 OCS Study BOEM 2020-021 Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast US Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2020-021 Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast October 2020 Authors: Matthew Poti1,2, Sarah K. Henkel3, Joseph J. Bizzarro4, Thomas F. Hourigan5, M. Elizabeth Clarke6, Curt E. Whitmire7, Abigail Powell8, Mary M. Yoklavich4, Laurie Bauer1,2, Arliss J. Winship1,2, Michael Coyne1,2, David J. Gillett9, Lisa Gilbane10, John Christensen2, and Christopher F.G. Jeffrey1,2 1. CSS, Inc., 10301 Democracy Ln, Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 2. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, 1305 East West Hwy SSMC4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 3. Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365 4. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz & Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Santa Cruz, CA 95060 5. Deep Sea Coral Research & Technology Program, NOAA NMFS, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 6. Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), NOAA NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 7. Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, NWFSC, NOAA NMFS, 99 Pacific St, Bldg 255-A, Monterey, CA 93940 8. Lynker Technologies under contract to the NWFSC, NOAA NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 9. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626 10. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 770 Paso Camarillo, Suite 102, Camarillo, CA 93010 Prepared under NCCOS IAA MOA-2016-055/10325, BOEM OCS Study 2020-021, and NCCOS BOEM IAA M16PG00014 By U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Marine Spatial Ecology Division 1305 East-West Hwy, SSMC-4, N/SCI-1 Silver Spring, MD 20910 US Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region DISCLAIMER This study was funded, in part, by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, through Interagency Agreement Number M16PG00014 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this report, go to the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Data and Information Systems webpage (http://www.boem.gov/Environmental-Studies- EnvData/), click on the link for the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS), and search on 2020-021. The report is also available at the National Technical Reports Library at https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/. CITATION Poti, M., S.K. Henkel, J.J. Bizzarro, T.F. Hourigan, M.E. Clarke, C.E. Whitmire, A. Powell, M.M. Yoklavich, L. Bauer, A.J. Winship, M. Coyne, D.J. Gillett, L. Gilbane, J. Christensen, and C.F.G. Jeffrey. 2020. Cross-Shelf Habitat Suitability Modeling: Characterizing Potential Distributions of Deep-Sea Corals, Sponges, and Macrofauna Offshore of the US West Coast. Camarillo (CA): US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. OCS Study BOEM 2020-021. 267 p. ABOUT THE COVER Cover photos: (Top Left) Stylaster californicus with a Blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis) and many Squarespot (Sebastes hopkinsi) at 41 m depth on Farnsworth Bank. Credit: NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Advanced Survey Technologies Group (Top Right) Nutricola lordi. Credit: Sarah Henkel, Oregon State University (Middle Right) Alia gausapata. Credit: Sarah Henkel, Oregon State University (Bottom Right) Primnoa pacifica, Lophelia pertusa, and Desmophyllum at 278 m depth observed by the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS in 2008. Credit: NOAA Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (Bottom Left) Magelona berkeleyi. Credit: Sarah Henkel, Oregon State University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We dedicate this report to Brian Kinlan, our friend and colleague who passed away before this study was completed. This study began through a conversation Brian had with Lisa Gilbane at a conference in Oxnard, California in 2013. Brian had a vision for improving deep-sea coral modeling across all US waters, and we think this report is one step closer to that vision. We thank the many scientists who contributed their data, time, and expertise over the course of this study. Robert McGuinn (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information) provided assistance in using data from the NOAA National Database for Deep-Sea Corals and Sponges. Gregory Boland (BOEM), Peter Etnoyer (NOAA NCCOS), Meredith Everett (NOAA NWFSC), Samuel Georgian (Marine Conservation Institute), Enrique Salgado (NOAA NCCOS), and Brian Tissot (Humboldt State University) participated in a discussion of the available deep-sea coral and sponge data in our study area and the use of these data in species distribution models. John King (University of Rhode Island), Bridgette Lohrman (Environmental Protection Agency), and Walter Nelson (Environmental Protection Agency) participated in a discussion of the available macrofauna survey data in our study area and the use of these data in species distribution models. Guy Cochrane (United States Geological Survey), David Huff (NOAA NWFSC), and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado) provided advice on the source data and methods used to develop environmental predictor variables depicting depth, seafloor topography, and seafloor substrate. Steven Bograd (NOAA SWFSC), Andrew Moore (University of California, Santa Cruz), Rachel Simons (University of California, Santa Barbara), Libe Washburn (University of California, Santa Barbara), Yizhen Li (CSS Inc. and NOAA NCCOS), Susan Zaleski (BOEM), and Brian Zelenke (formerly BOEM) provided advice on the source data and methods used to develop the oceanographic variables used in the models. Andrew Moore and Changming Dong (University of California, Los Angeles) shared outputs from a hindcast ocean circulation model for us to use in developing environmental predictor variables. Samuel Georgian, David Huff, Christopher Rooper (Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and James Thorson (NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center) reviewed early drafts of model outputs and modeling methods and offered suggestions for improvements. Thomas Laidig (NOAA SWFSC), Diana Watters (NOAA SWFSC), and Linda Kuhnz (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute) provided data from recent visual surveys for our exploration of ground-truthing the deep-sea coral and sponge models. Heather Coleman (NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research & Technology Program) and Elizabeth Duncan (Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary) provided valuable advice and feedback throughout the study. Catherine Dunkel (BOEM), Peter Etnoyer, Matthew Kendall (NOAA NCCOS), Sarah Hile (CSS, Inc. and NOAA NCCOS), Thomas Laidig (NOAA SWFSC), Mark Mueller (BOEM), Timothy White (BOEM), and Susan Zaleski (BOEM) reviewed this report and provided helpful comments and suggestions. This study was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through Interagency Agreement Number M16PG00014 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Matthew Poti, Laurie Bauer, Michael Coyne, Christopher Jeffrey, and Arliss Winship were supported by NOAA Contracts No. EA133C-17-BA-0062 with CSS, Inc. Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ xi List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................. xii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Environmental Predictor Variables ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.2 Map Projection and Spatial Grid Resolution ........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
    MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari­ many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi­ greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside­ through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega­ and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in­ motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber­ W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an­ Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol­ the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex­ separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid­ one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi­ Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart­ known. Of 93 species reported from Ber­ mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
    Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)
    FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee Federal Geographic Data Committee June, 2012 Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Need ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Application ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Relationship to Previous FGDC Standards .............................................................. 4 1.6 Development Procedures ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Build a Scientifically Sound Ecological Classification .................................... 7 1.7.2 Meet the Needs of a Wide Range of Users ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and Offshore Waters of the Kermadec Ridge: Report of a Coastal, Marine Mammal and Deep-Sea Survey (TAN1612)
    Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and offshore waters of the Kermadec Ridge: report of a coastal, marine mammal and deep-sea survey (TAN1612) New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 179 Clark, M.R.; Trnski, T.; Constantine, R.; Aguirre, J.D.; Barker, J.; Betty, E.; Bowden, D.A.; Connell, A.; Duffy, C.; George, S.; Hannam, S.; Liggins, L..; Middleton, C.; Mills, S.; Pallentin, A.; Riekkola, L.; Sampey, A.; Sewell, M.; Spong, K.; Stewart, A.; Stewart, R.; Struthers, C.; van Oosterom, L. ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISBN 978-1-77665-481-9 (online) ISBN 978-1-77665-482-6 (print) January 2017 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Objectives: 3 1.2 Objective 1: Benthic offshore biodiversity 3 1.3 Objective 2: Marine mammal research 4 1.4 Objective 3: Coastal biodiversity and connectivity 5 2. METHODS 5 2.1 Survey area 5 2.2 Survey design 6 Offshore Biodiversity 6 Marine mammal sampling 8 Coastal survey 8 Station recording 8 2.3 Sampling operations 8 Multibeam mapping 8 Photographic transect survey 9 Fish and Invertebrate sampling 9 Plankton sampling 11 Catch processing 11 Environmental sampling 12 Marine mammal sampling 12 Dive sampling operations 12 Outreach 13 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Mass-Balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center December 2013 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Whitehouse, G. A. 2013. A preliminary mass-balance food web model of the eastern Chukchi Sea. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-262, 162 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse1,2 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle WA 98115 2Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Box 354925 Seattle WA 98195 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny. S. Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep-Sea Origin and In-Situ Diversification of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals
    Deep-Sea Origin and In-Situ Diversification of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals Eric Pante1*¤, Scott C. France1, Arnaud Couloux2, Corinne Cruaud2, Catherine S. McFadden3, Sarah Samadi4, Les Watling5,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America, 2 GENOSCOPE, Centre National de Se´quenc¸age, Evry, France, 3 Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, United States of America, 4 De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-IRD-MNHN- CNRS (UR IRD 148), Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, 5 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America, 6 Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine, United States of America Abstract The diversity, ubiquity and prevalence in deep waters of the octocoral family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 make it noteworthy as a model system to study radiation and diversification in the deep sea. Here we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Chrysogorgiidae, and compare phylogeny and depth distribution. Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of 14 currently-described Chrysogorgiidae genera were inferred based on mitochondrial (mtMutS, cox1) and nuclear (18S) markers. Bathymetric distribution was estimated from multiple sources, including museum records, a literature review, and our own sampling records (985 stations, 2345 specimens). Genetic analyses suggest that the Chrysogorgiidae as currently described is a polyphyletic family. Shallow-water genera, and two of eight deep-water genera, appear more closely related to other octocoral families than to the remainder of the monophyletic, deep-water chrysogorgiid genera. Monophyletic chrysogorgiids are composed of strictly (Iridogorgia Verrill, 1883, Metallogorgia Versluys, 1902, Radicipes Stearns, 1883, Pseudochrysogorgia Pante & France, 2010) and predominantly (Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) deep-sea genera that diversified in situ.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida
    Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges Zealand (Porifera: ISSN 1174–0043; 124 Henry M. Reiswig and Michelle Kelly The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida Henry M. Reiswig and Michelle Kelly NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 124 COVER PHOTO Two unidentified hexasterophoran glass sponge species, the first possibly Farrea onychohexastera n. sp. (frilly white honeycomb sponge in several bushy patches), and the second possibly Chonelasma lamella, but also possibly C. chathamense n. sp. (lower left white fan), attached to the habitat-forming coral Solenosmilia variabilis, dominant at 1078 m on the Graveyard seamount complex of the Chatham Rise (NIWA station TAN0905/29: 42.726° S, 179.897° W). Image captured by DTIS (Deep Towed Imaging System) onboard RV Tangaroa, courtesy of NIWA Seamounts Programme (SFAS103), Oceans2020 (LINZ, MFish) and Rob Stewart, NIWA, Wellington (Photo: NIWA). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida:
    [Show full text]
  • Bioluminescence and Fluorescence of Three Sea Pens in the North-West
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.08.416396; this version posted December 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bioluminescence and fluorescence of three sea pens in the north-west Mediterranean sea Warren R Francis* 1, Ana¨ısSire de Vilar 1 1: Dept of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Bioluminescence of Mediterranean sea pens has been known for a long time, but basic parameters such as the emission spectra are unknown. Here we examined bioluminescence in three species of Pennatulacea, Pennatula rubra, Pteroeides griseum, and Veretillum cynomorium. Following dark adaptation, all three species could easily be stimulated to produce green light. All species were also fluorescent, with bioluminescence being produced at the same sites as the fluorescence. The shape of the fluorescence spectra indicates the presence of a GFP closely associated with light production, as seen in Renilla. Our videos show that light proceeds as waves along the colony from the point of stimulation for all three species, as observed in many other octocorals. Features of their bioluminescence are strongly suggestive of a \burglar alarm" function. Introduction Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms, and is extremely common in the marine environment [Haddock et al., 2010, Martini et al., 2019]. Within the phylum Cnidaria, biolumiescence is widely observed among the Medusazoa (true jellyfish and kin), but also among the Octocorallia, and especially the Pennatulacea (sea pens).
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrative Systematic Framework Helps to Reconstruct Skeletal
    Dohrmann et al. Frontiers in Zoology (2017) 14:18 DOI 10.1186/s12983-017-0191-3 RESEARCH Open Access An integrative systematic framework helps to reconstruct skeletal evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) Martin Dohrmann1*, Christopher Kelley2, Michelle Kelly3, Andrzej Pisera4, John N. A. Hooper5,6 and Henry M. Reiswig7,8 Abstract Background: Glass sponges (Class Hexactinellida) are important components of deep-sea ecosystems and are of interest from geological and materials science perspectives. The reconstruction of their phylogeny with molecular data has only recently begun and shows a better agreement with morphology-based systematics than is typical for other sponge groups, likely because of a greater number of informative morphological characters. However, inconsistencies remain that have far-reaching implications for hypotheses about the evolution of their major skeletal construction types (body plans). Furthermore, less than half of all described extant genera have been sampled for molecular systematics, and several taxa important for understanding skeletal evolution are still missing. Increased taxon sampling for molecular phylogenetics of this group is therefore urgently needed. However, due to their remote habitat and often poorly preserved museum material, sequencing all 126 currently recognized extant genera will be difficult to achieve. Utilizing morphological data to incorporate unsequenced taxa into an integrative systematics framework therefore holds great promise, but it is unclear which methodological approach best suits this task. Results: Here, we increase the taxon sampling of four previously established molecular markers (18S, 28S, and 16S ribosomal DNA, as well as cytochrome oxidase subunit I) by 12 genera, for the first time including representatives of the order Aulocalycoida and the type genus of Dactylocalycidae, taxa that are key to understanding hexactinellid body plan evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Key to the Common Shallow-Water Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228496999 Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea Article · January 2007 CITATIONS READS 10 702 1 author: Christopher Pomory University of West Florida 34 PUBLICATIONS 303 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Christopher Pomory on 21 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. 1 Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea CHRISTOPHER M. POMORY 2007 Department of Biology, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT A key is given for 85 species of ophiuroids from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea covering a depth range from the intertidal down to 30 m. Figures highlighting important anatomical features associated with couplets in the key are provided. 2 INTRODUCTION The Caribbean region is one of the major coral reef zoogeographic provinces and a region of intensive human use of marine resources for tourism and fisheries (Aide and Grau, 2004). With the world-wide decline of coral reefs, and deterioration of shallow-water marine habitats in general, ecological and biodiversity studies have become more important than ever before (Bellwood et al., 2004). Ecological and biodiversity studies require identification of collected specimens, often by biologists not specializing in taxonomy, and therefore identification guides easily accessible to a diversity of biologists are necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Falcidens Longus2.Pdf
    Falcidens longus Scheltema 1998 Mollusca, Caudofoveata: Falcidentidae SCAMIT Supplement Vol. 23 SCAMIT CODE: None Date Examined: 05 April 2005 Voucher By: K. Barwick/D. Cadien SYNONYMY: Falcidens sp B SCAMIT 1985§ LITERATURE: Scheltema, 1998 DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: 1. Body regionated (Figure A), BLI 5.5-8.9; anterium somewhat inflated, separated from neck by a constriction; neck short, separated from anterior trunk by constriction; anterior trunk significantly longer than posterior trunk; posterior trunk larger in diameter than any other region except anterium. 2. Posterium slightly expanded, not set off from posterior trunk by a narrowing; spicular fring of posterium long, extending well beyond peribranchial plate (Figure C); plate flat to very slightly convex, covered with radiating spicules; no peribranchial skirt evident 3. Oral shield dorsally incised, wider than tall (Figure B), with small, poorly defined dorsal lobes; about ½ as wide as anterium. 4. Radular denticles large, sickle-shaped, and meeting at the top of the radular cone; triangular plate present (can be lost); radular cone barely tapering in frontal view (Figure D), normally tapering in lateral view; cone much narrower in frontal than in lateral view. 5. Mid-anterior trunk spicules centrally keeled, with thickened edges; a few lateral ridges may be present. Under birefringence mid-anterior spicule colors, typically are white with yellowish brown ridges with the central keel being darkest. (Figures F) RELATED SPECIES AND CHARACTER DIFFERENCES: 1. Despite its name, Falcidens longus has a BLI which places it among the short group of chaetodermomorph species in the NEP. Other members of this group are Chaetoderma californicum, C. nanulum, C.
    [Show full text]