DOCSLIB.ORG

The Complete Devewpment of the Deep-Sea Cidaroid Urchin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Complete Devewpment of the Deep-Sea Cidaroid Urchin View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank THE COMPLETE DEVEWPMENT OF THE DEEP-SEA CIDAROID URCHIN CIDARIS BLAKEI (AGASSIZ, 1878) WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE HYALINE LAYER by KATHLEEN BENNETT A THESIS Presented to the Department ofBiology and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofScience December 2009 11 "The Complete Development ofthe Deep-Sea Cidaroid Urchin Cidaris blakei (Agassiz, 1878) With an Emphasis on the Hyaline Layer," a thesis prepared by Kathleen Bennett in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master ofScience degree in the Department ofBiology. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Al 'Sb1ilAld;, C air ofthe Examining Committee Date Committee in Charge: Alan Shanks, Chair Richard Emlet Craig Young Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School III © 2009 Kathleen Bennett IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Kathleen Bennett for the degree of Master ofScience in the Department ofBiology to be taken December 2009 Title: THE COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEEP-SEA CIDAROID URCHIN CIDARIS BLAKEI(AGASSIZ, 1878) WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE HYALINE LAYER Approved: Alan Shanks Living echinoids comprise two major sister clades, the Euechinoidea and the Cidaroidea. Cidaroids first appeared during the lower Permian (~255 mya) and are considered to represent the primitive form ofall other living echinoids. The present study ofCidaris blakei, a deep-sea planktotrophic cidaroid urchin, provides a description ofdevelopment from fertilization through early juvenile stages and is the first report ofa deep-sea organism reared through metamorphosis. Cidaris blakei resembles other cidaroids in its lack ofa cohesive hyaline layer, the absence ofan amniotic invagination for juvenile rudiment formation, and the presence ofa single spine morphotype at metamorphosis. Cidaris blakei differs from other cidaroids in the presence ofan apical v tuft, the extent offenestration ofpostoral skeletal rods, the shape ofjuvenile spines and an extended (14 day) lecithotrophic stage prior to development ofa complete gut. This study includes my co-authored materials. VI CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Kathleen Bennett PLACE OF BIRTH: Cottage Grove, Oregon DATE OF BIRTH: November 8, 1977 GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University ofOregon, Eugene, OR University ofMassachusetts, Amherst MA Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR DEGREES AWARDED: Master ofScience, Biology, December 2009, University ofOregon Bachelor ofArts, Journalism, March 2002, University ofOregon AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Marine Biology Comparative Embryology PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: National Science Foundation GK-12 Fellow, University ofOregon, 2007-2009 Graduate Teaching Fellow, University ofOregon, 2007 Vll GRANTS, AWARDS AND HONORS: Best Student Paper, Taking Inquiry into the Field: Curriculum Development/or Elementary Marine Science: Examples from the GK12 "Learning About Where We Live" Project, American Society ofLimnology and Oceanography Ocean Sciences Meetings, 2008. National Science Foundation, GK-12 Graduate Teaching Fellowship, 2007-2009 PUBLICATIONS; Bennett, K. C. and L. Hiebert. 2009. Growing up in the ocean: complex life cycles ofcommon marine invertebrates. Sci. Activ. 46: 18-25. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to my advisor, Alan Shanks, who was supportive ofmy research through all ofits many incarnations. I am also very grateful to the other members ofmy committee, Craig Young and Richard Emlet, for their expert advice during my research and also during the preparation ofthis manuscript. I am also beyond grateful to them for offering the deep-sea course as part oftheir grant and for providing me with one ofthe greatest adventures ofmy life. The faculty at OIMB was very generous with their time and knowledge and some ofmy best education came indirectly, from wandering into their offices and talking science. The microscope where I did most ofmy work was right outside Richard Emlers office and I must give an extra thanks to him for answering the (perhaps hundreds of) questions I shouted through his open doorway. Thanks also to the Maslakova lab, the work I did for Chapter III using monoclonal antibody stains was made possible by the patient counsel of George von Dassow, Svetlana Maslakova and Laurel Hiebert. Thanks to the incredible community ofgraduate students at OIMB who always challenged me intellectually while also challenging me physically--be it braving the sea lions at North Cove while crawling along a transect line in the winter's darkness, swimming through monstrous waves to Saddle Rock, or being part ofa roller derby team made up mostly ofOIMB grad students. Barb Butler was instrumental in the completion of my degree, both in her capacity as a librarian and as a friend. Shirley Pedro also provided a lot ofsupport in the form ofcozy talks, sugary treats and logistical know-how. IX Drs. David Adelson and David McClay mailed me ample amounts ofthe monoclonal antibody McA Tg-HYL that I used in the research described in Chapter III and were also very kind and thorough in answering questions about their protocol. I'm very grateful to the NSF GK-12 grant 0638731, not only for the funding it provided, but also for the additional education. Because ofthis program, I felt much more connected to the community surrounding OIMB and my research felt more relevant and exciting as I shared it with my students and the teachers I worked with. Thanks to Jan Hodder, Alan Shanks and Trish Mace for bringing the program to OIMB and for coordinating it. Finally, thanks to my family who provided me with a lot ofsupport and to Cameron Bishop, who finds science as exciting as I do and who was always willing to discuss ideas and make midnight microscope missions to the lab. x This thesis is dedicated to my parents, who instilled a love oflearning in me at an early age and who have always make me feel that I am capable ofanything. Xl TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. GENERAL mTRODUCTION 1 II. LARVAL DEVELOPMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS OF THE DEEP-SEA CIDAROID URCHm CIDARIS BLAKEI................................................................... 6 Introduction............................................................................................................ 6 Materials and Methods........................................................................................... 9 Results.................................................................................................................... 12 Discussion............................................ 21 III. THE CIDAROID HYALmE LAYER DIFFERS m FORM AND FUNCTION FROM THE EUECHmOID HYALmE LAYER 34 Introduction..................................... 34 Materials and Methods........................................................................................... 36 Results.................................................................................................................... 39 Discussion 46 Conclusion 49 xii Chapter Page IV. CONCLUDING SUMMARY 51 BffiLIOGRAPHY 55 XIIl LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Chapter I 1. Two images showing Cidaris blakei adults.......... 2 Chapter II 1. Light micrographs of C. blakei from immediately after fertilization to nine days after fertilization............ 13 2. Scanning Electron Micrographs ofa 4 day-old C. blakei gastrula showing ectodermal pits. 15 3. Light micrographs of C. blakei plutei from 10 days to 79 days after fertilization................................................................................................................... 16 4. Light micrographs ofadvanced larvae ofC. blakei with juvenile structures evident on the larval body.. 17 5. Light micrographs ofa competent larva and juveniles ofC. blakei. 19 6. Light micrographs ofC. blakei larvae from different temperature treatments. Plutei were maintained in scintillation vials and moved up a thermal gradient, from 11 °C to 22 °C, over a four day period. As a control, plutei were kept in scintillation vials for four days at 11 °C. 20 7. Two micrographs showing the difference between the juvenile spine shape of Eucidaris thouarsi and Cidaris blakei 31 XIV Figure Page Chapter III 1. Light micrographs ofmulti-cell stages ofcidaroid sea urchins Cidaris blakei and Eucidaris tribuloides showing a thin extracellular layer surrounding the blastomeres 40 2. Confocal projections offertilized eggs ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratus labeled with phalloidin (orange) and the hyalin-specific monoclonal antibody McA Tg-HYL 41 3. Confocal projections ofa fertilized egg ofEucidaris tribuloides labeled with phalloidin (orange). This fertilized egg was also treated with the monoclonal antibody McA Tg-HYL, but it did not react................................................................ 42 4. Confocal projections ofmulti-cell stages ofthree species ofsea urchin labeled with phalloidin and the hyalin-specific monoclonal antibody McA Tg-HYL 43 5. Confocal projection ofa fertilized egg ofS. purpuratus that has been fixed in the same 10% buffered formalin solution as C. blakei showing a hyaline layer clearly labeled with McA Tg-HYL.............................................................................. 44 6. Confocal projections ofblastula-stage embryos labeled with phalloidin (orange) and the hyalin-specific monoclonal antibody McA Tg-HYL (blue) 45 7. Confocal z-projection ofa two-cell embryo ofa clypeasteroid, Dendraster excentricus, labeled with phalloidin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article 1.7MB .Pdf File
    https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1934.8.08 September 1934 Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict., viii, 1934. THE CAINOZOIG CIDARIDAE OF AUSTRALIA. By Frederick Chapman, A.L.S., F.G.S., Commonwealth Palaeon- tologist, and Francis A. Cudmore, Hon. Palaeontologist, National Museum. Plates XII-XV. Nearly 60 years ago Professor P. M. Duncan described the first Australian Cainozoic cidaroid before the Geological Society of London. During the next 20 years Professors R. Tate and J. W. Gregory published references to our fossil cidaroids, but further descriptive work was not attempted until the present authors undertook to examine the accumulated material in the National Museum, the Tate Collection at Adelaide University Museum, the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection, and the private collections made by the late Dr. T. S. Hall, F. A. Singleton, the Rev. Geo. Cox and the authors. The classification of the Cidaridae is founded mainly upon living species and it is partly based on structures which are only rarely preserved in fossils. Fossil cidaroid tests are usually imperfect. On abraded tests the conjugation of ambulacral pores is obscure. The apical system is preserved only in one specimen among those examined. The spines are rarely attached to the test and pedicellariae are wanting. Therefore, in dealing with our specimens we have been guided mainly by the appear- ance and structure of ambulacral and interambulacral areas. Certain features used in our classification vary with the growth stage of the test : for instance, the number of coronal plates in vertical series, the number of ambulacral plates adjacent to the largest coronal plate, and sometimes the number of granules on the inner end of ambulacral plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation Has No Competition: Factors Influencing Space and Resource Use by Echinoids in Deep-Sea Coral Habitats, As Evidenced by Continuous Video Transects
    1 Marine Ecology Achimer December 2015, Volume 36, Issue 4, Pages 1454-1467 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.12245 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00242/35303/ © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH Predation has no competition: factors influencing space and resource use by echinoids in deep-sea coral habitats, as evidenced by continuous video transects Stevenson Angela 1, * , Mitchell Fraser J. G. 1, Davies Jaime 2 1 School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland 2 Ifremer; Département LEP; Centre de Brest; Plouzané France * Corresponding author : Angela Stevenson, email address : [email protected] Abstract : Predation and competition are highly influential factors determining space use in foraging animals, and ultimately contribute to the spatial heterogeneity observed within habitats. Here we investigated the influence of competition and predation on space and resource use via continuous video transect observations – a tool that has not previously been employed for this purpose. This study therefore also evaluates video data as a pragmatic tool to study community interactions in the deep sea. Observations were compiled from 15 video transects spanning five submarine canyons in the Bay of Biscay, France. Substrate choice, positioning on the coral, echinoid aggregate size, and the presence/absence of predators (e.g. fish and decapods) as well as competitors (both inter- and intra-specific) were recorded. Two dominant co-existing echinoid taxa, echinothurids and Cidaris cidaris (3188 total observations), were observed in the study. For the echinothurids, no significant trends were detected in the inter- and intra-specific competition data. For Cidaris cidaris, significant shifts in substrate use were correlated to the presence of inter-specific competitors (echinothurids), whereby an increase in dead coral substrate usage was observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Textbasierte Annotation Von Abbildungen Mit Kategorien Von Wikimedia
    Hochschule Hannover Fakultät III – Medien, Information und Design Abteilung Information und Kommunikation Studiengang Informations- und Wissensmanagement Textbasierte Annotation von Abbildungen mit Kategorien von Wikimedia Masterarbeit Frieda Josi E-Mail: [email protected] Erstprüfer: Prof. Dr. Christian Wartena Zweitprüferin: Dr. Ina Blümel 19.01.2018, Hannover Kurzfassung In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit geht es um die automatische Annotation von Bildern mithilfe der Kategoriesystematik der Wikipedia1. Die Annotation soll anhand der Bildbeschriftungen und ihren Textreferenzen erfolgen. Hierbei wird für vorhandene Bilder eine passende Kategorie vorgeschlagen. Es handelt sich bei den Bildern um Abbildungen aus naturwissenschaftlichen Artikeln, die in Open Access Journals ver- öffentlicht wurden. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein konzeptionelles Verfahren zu erarbeiten, dieses anhand einer ausgewählten Anzahl von Bildern durchzuführen und zu evalu- ieren. Die Abbildungen sollen für weitere Forschungsarbeiten und für die Projekte der Wikimedia Foundation2 zur Verfügung stehen. Das Annotationsverfahren findet im Projekt NOA - Nachnutzung von Open Access Abbildungen3 Verwendung. Abstract This master thesis deals with the automatic annotation of images using the Wikipedia category system.4 The annotation is carried out using the image’s captions and their respective text references. A suitable category is suggested for existing images. The images are illustrations from scientific articles published in open access journals. The aim of the work is to develop a conceptual procedure and to carry out and evaluate it on the basis of a selected number of images. The images shall be available for further research and for projects of the Wikimedia Foundation.5 The annotation method is used in the NOA project - reuse of open access media.6 1Das Projekt Wikipedia ist eine mehrsprachige Online-Enzyklopädie, die frei und kollektiv erstellt wird.
    [Show full text]
  • Asociación a Sustratos De Los Erizos Regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) En La Laguna Arrecifal De Isla Verde, Veracruz, México
    Asociación a sustratos de los erizos regulares (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) en la laguna arrecifal de Isla Verde, Veracruz, México E.V. Celaya-Hernández, F.A. Solís-Marín, A. Laguarda-Figueras., A. de la L. Durán-González & T. Ruiz Rodríguez Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Post. 70-305, México D.F. 04510, México; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recibido 15-VIII-2007. Corregido 06-V-2008. Aceptado 17-IX-2008. Abstract: Regular sea urchins substrate association (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico. The diversity, abundance, distribution and substrate association of the regular sea urchins found at the South part of Isla Verde lagoon reef, Veracruz, Mexico is presented. Four field sampling trips where made between October, 2000 and October, 2002. One sampling quadrant (23 716 m2) the more representative, where selected in the southwest zone of the lagoon reef, but other sampling sites where choose in order to cover the south part of the reef lagoon. The species found were: Eucidaris tribuloides tribuloides, Diadema antillarum, Centrostephanus longispinus rubicingulus, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, Echinometra viridis, Lytechinus variegatus and Tripneustes ventricosus. The relation analysis between the density of the echi- noids species found in the study area and the type of substrate was made using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The substrates types considerate in the analysis where: coral-rocks, rocks, rocks-sand, and sand and Thalassia testudinum.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Spot Animal Spot Uses Intriguing Specimens from Cincinnati Museum Center’S Collections to Teach Children How Each Animal Is Unique to Its Environment
    Animal Spot Animal Spot uses intriguing specimens from Cincinnati Museum Center’s collections to teach children how each animal is unique to its environment. Touch a cast of an elephant’s skull, feel a real dinosaur fossil, finish a three-layer fish puzzle, observe live fish and use interactives to explore how animals move, “dress” and eat. Case 1: Modes of Balance and Movement (Case design: horse legs in boots) Animals walk, run, jump, fly, and/or slither to their destination. Animals use many different parts of their bodies to help them move. The animals in this case are: • Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) • Grasshopper (Shistocerca americana) • Locust (Dissosteira carolina) • Broad-wing damselfly (Family: Calopterygidae) • King Rail (Rallus elegans) • Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus) • Brown trout (Salmo trutta) • Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) • Damselfly (Agriocnemis pygmaea) • Pufferfish (Family: Tetraodontidae) • Bullfrog (Rona catesbrana) • Cicada (Family: Cicadidae) • Moths and Butterflies (Order: Lepidoptera) • Sea slugs (Order: Chepalaspidea) • Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) • Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) • Giant Millipede (Subspecies: Lules) Case 2: Endo/Exoskeleton (Case design: Surrounded by bones) There are many different kinds of skeletons; some inside the body and others outside. The animals with skeletons on the inside have endoskeletons. Those animals that have skeletons on the outside have exoskeletons. Endoskeletons • Hellbender salamander (Genus: Cryptobranchus) • Python (Family: Boidae) • Perch (Genus: Perca)
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B
    Hopkins and Smith, SI Appendix SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B. Dynamic evolutionary change in post-Paleozoic echinoids and the importance of scale when interpreting changes in rates of evolution. Corrections to character matrix Before running any analyses, we corrected a few errors in the published character matrix of Kroh and Smith (1). Specifically, we removed the three duplicate records of Oligopygus, Haimea, and Conoclypus, and removed characters C51 and C59, which had been excluded from the phylogenetic analysis but mistakenly remain in the matrix that was published in Appendix 2 of (1). We also excluded Anisocidaris, Paurocidaris, Pseudocidaris, Glyphopneustes, Enichaster, and Tiarechinus from the character matrix because these taxa were excluded from the strict consensus tree (1). This left 164 taxa and 303 characters for calculations of rates of evolution and for the principal coordinates analysis. Other tree scaling methods The most basic method for scaling a tree using first appearances of taxa is to make each internal node the age of its oldest descendent ("stand") (2), but this often results in many zero-length branches which are both theoretically questionable and in some cases methodologically problematic (3). Several methods exist for modifying zero-length branches. In the case of the results shown in Figure 1, we assigned a positive length to each zero-length branch by having it share time equally with a preceding, non-zero-length branch (“equal”) (4). However, we compared the results from this method of scaling to several other methods. First, we compared this with rates estimated from trees scaled such that zero-length branches share time proportionally to the amount of character change along the branches (“prop”) (5), a variation which gave almost identical results as the method used for the “equal” method (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Quality of the Fossil Record by Groups and by Major Habitats
    Histo-icalBiology, 1996, Vol 12,pp I 1I-157 © 1996 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) Reprints available directly from the publisher Amsterdam B V Published in The Netherlands Photocopying available by license only By Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH Printed in Malaysia TESTING THE QUALITY OF THE FOSSIL RECORD BY GROUPS AND BY MAJOR HABITATS MICHAEL J BENTON and REBECCA HITCHIN Department of Geology, University of Bristol, Bristol, B 58 IRJ, United Kingdom (Received February 9 1996; in final form March 25, 1996) The evolution of life is a form of history and, as Karl Popper pointed out, that makes much of palaeontology and evolutionary biology metaphysical and not scientific, since direct testing is not possible: history cannot be re-run However, it is possible to cross-compare three sources of data on phylogeny stratigraphic, cladistic, and molecular Three metrics for comparing cladograms with stratigraphic information allow cross-testing of () the order of branching with the stratigraphic order of fossils, and of (2) the relative amount of cladistically-implied gap in proportion to known fossil record. Results of the metrics, based upon a data set of 376 cladograms, show that there are statistically significant differences in the results for echinoderms, fishes, and tetrapods Matching of rank- order data on stratigraphic age of first appearances and branching points in cladograms, using Spearman Rank Correlation (SRC), is poorer than reported before, with only 148 of the 376 cladograms tested (39 %) showing statistically significant matching Tests of the relative amount of cladistically-implied gap, using the Relative Completeness Index (RCI), indicated excellent results, with 288 of the cladograms tested (77 %) having records more than 50% complete.
    [Show full text]
  • Decapoda Natantia, Pontoniinae)
    <T / L PERICLIMENER COLEMANI SP. NOV., A NEW SHRIMP ASSOCIATE OF A RARE SEA URCHIN FROM HERON ISLAND, QUEENSLAND (DECAPODA NATANTIA, PONTONIINAE) by A. J. BRUCE RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Vol. 29, No. 18: Pages 485-502 Figures 1-8 SYDNEY 6th June, 1975 Price, 50c Printed by Order of the Trustees Rec. Aust. Mus., 29. page 485. 78318-A Fig. !.—Pcriclimenes colemani sp. nov. Ovigerous female allotype. 487 Periclimenes colemani sp. nov., a new shrimp associate of a rare sea urchin from Heron Island, Queensland (Decapoda Natantia, Pontoniinae) A. J. BRUCE Hast African Marine Fisheries Research Organization P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya Figures 1-8. Manuscript received I::t lanunry, 1974. Manuscript revised 16th June, 1974. SUMMARY Periclimenes colemani, a new species of pontoniinid shrimp, is described and illustrated. This species was found at Heron Island on the Australian Great Barrier Reef. It lives in pairs on the test of the sea urchin Asthenosoma intermedium H. L. Clark. The new species is considered to occupy a rather isolated systematic position, most closely related to another echinoid associate, P. hirsutus Bruce. It is also remarkable for its cryptic white, red spotted colour pattern. The associations between Indo-West Pacific Periclimenes spp, and echinoids are briefly reviewed. INTRODUCTION The association of echinoderms with many species of the large pon- toniinid genus Periclimenes Costa, has been well established for many years but relatively few species have been found to occur in associations with echinoids. The first species to be reported as an echinoid associate was Periclimenes maldivensis Bruce, by Borradaile, (1915, as P.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico
    United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010
    Mediterranean Marine Science Review Article Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution A. ZENETOS 1, S. GOFAS 2, M. VERLAQUE 3, M.E. INAR 4, J.E. GARCI’A RASO 5, C.N. BIANCHI 6, C. MORRI 6, E. AZZURRO 7, M. BILECENOGLU 8, C. FROGLIA 9, I. SIOKOU 10 , D. VIOLANTI 11 , A. SFRISO 12 , G. SAN MART N 13 , A. GIANGRANDE 14 , T. KATA AN 4, E. BALLESTEROS 15 , A. RAMOS-ESPLA ’16 , F. MASTROTOTARO 17 , O. OCA A 18 , A. ZINGONE 19 , M.C. GAMBI 19 and N. STREFTARIS 10 1 Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavissos, Hellas 2 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ma ’laga, E-29071 Ma ’laga, Spain 3 UMR 6540, DIMAR, COM, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, France 4 Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey 5 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ma ’laga, E-29071 Ma ’laga, Spain 6 DipTeRis (Dipartimento per lo studio del Territorio e della sue Risorse), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy 7 Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) Passeig Mar tim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain 8 Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, 09010 Aydin, Turkey 9 c\o CNR-ISMAR, Sede Ancona, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy 10 Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O.
    [Show full text]