Risk and Resilience: Variations in Magnesium in Echinoid Skeletal Calcite
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https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1934.8.08 September 1934 Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict., viii, 1934. THE CAINOZOIG CIDARIDAE OF AUSTRALIA. By Frederick Chapman, A.L.S., F.G.S., Commonwealth Palaeon- tologist, and Francis A. Cudmore, Hon. Palaeontologist, National Museum. Plates XII-XV. Nearly 60 years ago Professor P. M. Duncan described the first Australian Cainozoic cidaroid before the Geological Society of London. During the next 20 years Professors R. Tate and J. W. Gregory published references to our fossil cidaroids, but further descriptive work was not attempted until the present authors undertook to examine the accumulated material in the National Museum, the Tate Collection at Adelaide University Museum, the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection, and the private collections made by the late Dr. T. S. Hall, F. A. Singleton, the Rev. Geo. Cox and the authors. The classification of the Cidaridae is founded mainly upon living species and it is partly based on structures which are only rarely preserved in fossils. Fossil cidaroid tests are usually imperfect. On abraded tests the conjugation of ambulacral pores is obscure. The apical system is preserved only in one specimen among those examined. The spines are rarely attached to the test and pedicellariae are wanting. Therefore, in dealing with our specimens we have been guided mainly by the appear- ance and structure of ambulacral and interambulacral areas. Certain features used in our classification vary with the growth stage of the test : for instance, the number of coronal plates in vertical series, the number of ambulacral plates adjacent to the largest coronal plate, and sometimes the number of granules on the inner end of ambulacral plates. -
The Taxonomic Challenge Posed by the Antarctic Echinoids Abatus Bidens and Abatus Cavernosus (Schizasteridae, Echinoidea)
Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1842-5 ORIGINAL PAPER The taxonomic challenge posed by the Antarctic echinoids Abatus bidens and Abatus cavernosus (Schizasteridae, Echinoidea) 1,4 1 2 Bruno David • Thomas Sauce`de • Anne Chenuil • 1 3 Emilie Steimetz • Chantal De Ridder Received: 31 August 2015 / Revised: 6 November 2015 / Accepted: 16 November 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Cryptic species have been repeatedly described together in two haplogroups separated from one another by for two decades among the Antarctic fauna, challenging the 2.7 % of nucleotide differences. They are located in the classic model of Antarctic species with circumpolar dis- Weddell Sea and in the Bransfield Strait. Specimens of A. tributions and leading to revisit the richness of the cavernosus form one single haplogroup separated from Antarctic fauna. No cryptic species had been so far haplogroups of A. bidens by 5 and 3.5 % of nucleotide recorded among Antarctic echinoids, which are, however, differences, respectively. The species was collected in the relatively well diversified in the Southern Ocean. The R/V Drake Passage and in the Bransfield Strait. Morphological Polarstern cruise PS81 (ANT XXIX/3) came across pop- analyses differentiate A. bidens from A. cavernosus. In ulations of Abatus bidens, a schizasterid so far known by contrast, the two genetic groups of A. bidens cannot be few specimens that were found living in sympatry with the differentiated from one another based on morphology species Abatus cavernosus. The species A. cavernosus is alone, suggesting that they may represent a case of cryptic reported to have a circum-Antarctic distribution, while A. -
Diets and Coexistence of the Sea Urchins Lytechinus Variegatus and Arbacia Punctulata (Echinodermata) Along the Central Florida Gulf Coast
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 295: 171–182, 2005 Published June 23 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diets and coexistence of the sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata (Echinodermata) along the central Florida gulf coast Janessa Cobb, John M. Lawrence* Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA ABSTRACT: The basis for coexistence of similar species is fundamental in community ecology. One mechanism for coexistence is differentiation of diets. Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata coexist in different microhabitats along the Florida gulf coast. Their great difference in morphology might affect their choice of microhabitats and diet. We analyzed diets of both species at 1 offshore and 1 nearshore site where both occurred in relatively equal numbers, an offshore site dominated by A. punctulata and an offshore site dominated by L. variegatus. Gut contents were analyzed to deter- mine the diet. A. punctulata prim. consumed sessile invertebrates except on dates when algal avail- ability was higher than normal. L. variegatus primarily consumed macroflora except on dates when macroflora was extremely limited. Electivity indices revealed no strong preferences for particular species of algae, although L. variegatus consumed many drift species. A. punctulata and L. variega- tus both fed in a random manner, although they avoided particular species of algae known to contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites. The diet of A. punctulata was correlated with algae only over rubble outcroppings at the offshore site with the highest biomass. Diets of offshore popula- tions were more similar to each other, regardless of the presence of conspecifics, than to those of populations at Caspersen Beach (nearshore site). -
Beach Treasures
BEACH TREASURES – HAVE YOU SEEN THEM? … Peter Crowcroft, Eco-Logic Education and Environment Services … Drawings by Kaye Traynor As the weather warms, and walking on the beach becomes much more appealing, keep a lookout along the high tide line for these two interesting, but rarely seen, beach treasures. Argonauta nodosa: Known as the Knobby Argonaut, or often, mistakenly, called the Paper Nautilus, this animal is actually a species of octopus that freely swims in the open ocean, in what is known as the pelagic zone – i.e. neither close to the bottom nor near the shore. It is in the family Argonautidae. Females of this species grow significantly larger than males, and secrete their paper-thin egg casing, that is such a rare and special find along our southern Australian beaches. To find a specimen in pristine condition, without any breakages, is considered by many as the pinnacle of beach combing fortune. Although this fragile structure acts as a shell, protecting and housing the female argonaut, it is unlike other cephalopod, true shells, and is regarded as an evolutionary novelty, unique to this family. The egg casing is typically around 150 mm in length, though some extraordinary Argonauta nodosa Knobby Argonaut specimens at 250 mm, or even larger, are known to grace some mantelpieces. Due to the radical dimorphism between male and females, not much was known about male Argonauts until relatively recently. Unlike the females, they do not secrete and live in an egg case, they reach only a fraction of the female size, and live a much shorter lifespans – only mating once, unlike the females that produce numerous broods of eggs throughout their lives. -
Predation Has No Competition: Factors Influencing Space and Resource Use by Echinoids in Deep-Sea Coral Habitats, As Evidenced by Continuous Video Transects
1 Marine Ecology Achimer December 2015, Volume 36, Issue 4, Pages 1454-1467 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.12245 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00242/35303/ © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH Predation has no competition: factors influencing space and resource use by echinoids in deep-sea coral habitats, as evidenced by continuous video transects Stevenson Angela 1, * , Mitchell Fraser J. G. 1, Davies Jaime 2 1 School of Natural Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland 2 Ifremer; Département LEP; Centre de Brest; Plouzané France * Corresponding author : Angela Stevenson, email address : [email protected] Abstract : Predation and competition are highly influential factors determining space use in foraging animals, and ultimately contribute to the spatial heterogeneity observed within habitats. Here we investigated the influence of competition and predation on space and resource use via continuous video transect observations – a tool that has not previously been employed for this purpose. This study therefore also evaluates video data as a pragmatic tool to study community interactions in the deep sea. Observations were compiled from 15 video transects spanning five submarine canyons in the Bay of Biscay, France. Substrate choice, positioning on the coral, echinoid aggregate size, and the presence/absence of predators (e.g. fish and decapods) as well as competitors (both inter- and intra-specific) were recorded. Two dominant co-existing echinoid taxa, echinothurids and Cidaris cidaris (3188 total observations), were observed in the study. For the echinothurids, no significant trends were detected in the inter- and intra-specific competition data. For Cidaris cidaris, significant shifts in substrate use were correlated to the presence of inter-specific competitors (echinothurids), whereby an increase in dead coral substrate usage was observed. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Singapore Biodiversity Records Xxxx
SINGAPORE BIODIVERSITY RECORDS 2017: 96 ISSN 2345-7597 Date of publication: 28 July 2017. © National University of Singapore Zebra crab on a sea-urchin at Changi Beach Subjects: Zebra crab, Zebrida adamsii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eumedonidae); Sea-urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Temnopleuridae). Subjects identified by: Neo Mei Lin. Location, date and time: Singapore Island, Changi Beach; 25 June 2017; around 0600 hrs. Habitat: Estuarine. Intertidal seagrass meadow. Observers: Contributors. Observation: A single zebra crab with carapace width of about 10 mm was found on the surface of a sea- urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (Fig. A & B). Remarks: Members of the eumedonid crabs are known obligates on sea-urchins. Zebrida adamsii is widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific (Ng & Chia, 1999), and has been documented on one occasion in Singapore (Johnson, 1962). This is believed to be the first record of the species on Changi Beach. The host sea urchin was found with a naked inter-ambulacral zone (as indicated by the white arrow in Fig. A), which could be due to Z. adamsii feeding on the urchin’s tube-feet and tissues (Saravanan et al., 2015). This suggests that the crab is parasitic on the sea urchin. References: Johnson, D. S., 1962. Commensalism and semi-parasitism amongst decapod Crustacea in Singapore waters. Proceedings of the First Regional Symposium, Scientific Knowledge Tropical Parasites, Singapore. University of Singapore. pp. 282–288. Ng, P. K. L. & D. G. B. Chia, 1999. Revision of the genus Zebrida White, 1847 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eumedonidae). Bulletin of Marine Science. 65: 481–495. Saravanan, R., N. -
Field Keys to Common Hawaiian Marine Animals and Plants
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 197 993 SE 034 171 TTTTE Field Keys to Common Hawaiian Marine Animals and Plants: INSTITUTTON Hawaii State Dept. of Education, Honolulu. Officeof In::tructional Services. SEPOPT NO RS-78-5247 PUB DATE Mar 78 NOT? 74p.: Not available in he*:dcopy due to colored pages throughout entire document. EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available frcm EPRS. DESCRIPTORS *Animals: Biology: Elementary Secondary Education: Environmental Education: *Field Trips: *Marine Biology: Outdoor Education: *Plant Identification: Science Educat4on TDENTIFTERS Hawaii ABSTRACT Presented are keys for identifyingcommon Hawaiian marine algae, beach plants, reef corals,sea urci.ins, tidepool fishes, and sea cucumbers. Nearly all speciesconsidered can be distinguished by characte-istics visible to- thenaked eye. Line drawings illustrate most plants atd animals included,and a list of suggested readings follows each section. (WB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by FDPS are the best thatcan be lade from the original document. **************************t***************************************** Field Keys to Common Hawaiian Marine Animals and Plants Office of Instructional Services/General Education Branch Department of Education State of Hawaii RS 78-5247 March 1978 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION P. Tz_urylo THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN qEPRO. DuCED EXACTLY AS PECE1VEDPO.` THE PE PSON OP OPC,AN7ATION ORIGIN. TING IT POINTS Or vIEW OR OPINIONS SATED DO NOT NECESSARILY PE PPE. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES SENTO<<IC I AL NATIONAL INSTITUTE 0, INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." EDuCA T,ON POSIT.ON OR CY O A N 11 2 The Honorable George R. Arlyoshl Governor, State of Hawaii BOARD OF EDUCATION Rev. -
Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias Rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling
animals Article Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling Sarah J. Wahltinez 1 , Kevin J. Kroll 2, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker 3 , Nancy D. Denslow 2,4 and Nicole I. Stacy 1,* 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; swahltinez@ufl.edu 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; krollk@ufl.edu (K.J.K.); ndenslow@ufl.edu (N.D.D.) 3 Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; nunamaker@ufl.edu 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA * Correspondence: stacyn@ufl.edu Simple Summary: Sea stars are iconic marine invertebrates and are important for maintaining the biodiversity in their ecosystems. As humans, we interact with sea stars when they are used as research animals or displayed at public or private aquaria. Molecular research requires fresh tissues that have thus far been considered to be of the best quality if collected without euthanasia. This is the first paper describing a method to euthanize sea stars that still allows for sampling of high-quality tissue that can be used for advanced research. Since it can be difficult to tell if an invertebrate has died, it is important to use a two-step method where the first step makes it non-responsive and Citation: Wahltinez, S.J.; Kroll, K.J.; the next step ensures it has died. -
Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinoid Diversification Prompt a Re
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013; this version posted August 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re- 2 evaluation of their fossil record 3 Short title: Phylogeny and diversification of sea urchins 4 5 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1,2*, Jeffrey R Thompson3,4, Avery S Hatch2, Marina F McCowin2, A 6 Frances Armstrong5, Simon E Coppard6, Felipe Aguilera7, Omri Bronstein8,9, Andreas Kroh10, Rich 7 Mooi5, Greg W Rouse2 8 9 1 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 2 Scripps Institution of 10 Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, 11 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK. 4 University College London Center for 12 Life’s Origins and Evolution, London, UK. 5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California 13 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. 6 Bader International Study Centre, Queen's University, 14 Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, UK. 7 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de 15 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 8 School of Zoology, Faculty of Life 16 Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 10 17 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria 18 * Corresponding author. -
For Peer Review
Page 1 of 40 Geological Journal Page 1 of 32 1 2 3 Neogene echinoids from the Cayman Islands, West Indies: regional 4 5 6 implications 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 11 STEPHEN K. DONOVAN *, BRIAN JONES and DAVID A. T. HARPER 12 13 14 15 1Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands 16 17 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E3 18 For Peer Review 19 3 20 Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 *Correspondence to: S. K. Donovan, Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 49 50 Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. 51 52 E-mail: [email protected] 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gj Geological Journal Page 2 of 40 Page 2 of 32 1 2 3 The first fossil echinoids are recorded from the Cayman Islands. A regular echinoid, Arbacia? sp., the 4 5 spatangoids Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus Wright and Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark), and the 6 7 clypeasteroid Clypeaster sp. are from the Middle Miocene Cayman Formation. Test fragments of the 8 9 mellitid clypeasteroid, Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske), are from the Late Pleistocene Ironshore 10 11 Formation. Miocene echinoids are preserved as (mainly internal) moulds; hence, all species are left 12 13 14 in open nomenclature because of uncertainties regarding test architecture. -
The Irregular Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Zoological Studies 39(3): 250-265 (2000) The Irregular Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Taiwan, with Descriptions of Six New Records Shyh-Min Chao Division of Zoology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 404, R.O.C. Tel: 886-4-3226940 ext. 502. Fax: 886-4-3232146. (Accepted March 27, 2000) Shyh-Min Chao (2000) The irregular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new records. Zoological Studies 39(3): 250-265. Taiwans irregular sea urchin fauna now comprises 19 valid species in 11 families. New records include Fibularia ovulum Lamarck (Fibulariidae), Astriclypeus manni Verrill (Astriclypeidae), Linopneustes sp. (Palaeopneustidae), Schizaster lacunosus (Linnaeus) (Schizasteridae), Brissus latecarinatus (Leske), and Rhynobrissus pyramidalis A. Agassiz (Brissidae). Species accounts and figures of 14 species collected by the author are presented. Key words: Sea urchins, Irregular urchins, Echinoderms, Taiwan, Taxonomy. Sea urchins may be either regular or irregular. Regular urchins have an almost spherical symmetry. Irregular urchins display varying degrees of bilateral symmetry. They are common macrobenthic organ- isms along the coasts of Taiwan. However, only a few papers dealing with them have been published (Tokunaga 1900, Ohshima 1927, Hayasaka 1948, Peng and Tiao 1971, Chen and Chang 1981, Shigei 1981, Wang 1984) on the ecology and systematics of these animals from the waters of Taiwan. The regu- lar sea urchins from Taiwan have been revised by Chen and Chang (1981). However, there has been no study of the irregular urchins from Taiwan since Hayasaka (1948) except for a new species, Tai- wanaster mai (now Sinaechinocyamus mai), de- scribed by Wang (1984).