DOCSLIB.ORG

Arbacia Lixula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arbacia Lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 124249 OURIÇO-NEGRO Animalia (Reino) > Echinodermata (Filo) > Echinozoa (Subfilo) > Echinoidea (Classe) > Euechinoidea (Subclasse) > Carinacea (Infraclasse) > Echinacea (Superordem) > Arbacioida (Ordem) > Arbaciidae (Familia) Vasco Ferreira Vasco Ferreira Estatuto de Conservação Sinónimos Arbacia aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Arbacia australis Lovén, 1887 Arbacia grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Arbacia pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Cidaris pustulosa Leske, 1778 Echinocidaris (Agarites) loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) aequituberculatus (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 1 Echinocidaris (Tetrapygus) pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinocidaris aequituberculata (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris grandinosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Echinocidaris loculatua (Blainville, 1825) Echinocidaris pustulosa (Leske, 1778) Echinus aequituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus equituberculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus grandinosus Valenciennes, 1846 Echinus lixula Linnaeus, 1758 Echinus loculatus Blainville, 1825 Echinus neapolitanus Delle Chiaje, 1825 Echinus pustulosus (Leske, 1778) Referências additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details] basis of record Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. [details] additional source Mortensen, T. (1935). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta, 647 pp., C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London. [details] additional source Lessios, H. A., Lockhart, S., Collin, R., Sotil, G., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Zigler, K. S., Perez, A. F., Garrido, M. J., Geyer, L. B., Bernardi, G., Vaquier, V. D., Haroun, R. & Kessing, B. D. 2012. Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution. Molecular Ecology 21, 130-144., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05303.x [details] additional source Mortensen, T. (1935). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta, 647 pp., C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London. [details] additional source Lessios, H. A., Lockhart, S., Collin, R., Sotil, G., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Zigler, K. S., Perez, A. F., Garrido, M. J., Geyer, L. B., Bernardi, G., Vaquier, V. D., Haroun, R. & Kessing, B. D. 2012. Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution. Molecular Ecology 21, 130-144., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05303.x [details] Última atualização: 16 Jul. 2018 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grazing by the Sea Urchins Arbacia Lixula L. and Paracentrotus Lividus Lam. in the Northwest Mediterranean
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, L 241 (1999) 81±95 Grazing by the sea urchins Arbacia lixula L. and Paracentrotus lividus Lam. in the Northwest Mediterranean Fabio Bulleri, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi* , Francesco Cinelli Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente via A. Volta 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy Received 2 October 1998; received in revised form 12 April 1999; accepted 5 May 1999 Abstract The sea urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus are common on shallow subtidal reefs in the Mediterranean. Previous studies on the ecology of these species reported that P. lividus is generally more abundant on horizontal or gently sloping substrata, where it forages mainly on erect algae. In contrast, A. lixula is more common on vertical substrata and it is considered a main grazer of encrusting coralline algae. Observations on some rocky shores in the Ligurian sea indicated that P. lividus occurs mainly in crevices at the bottom of the vertical walls, and that neither species is present on horizontal or sub-horizontal substrata. In this study we investigated the distribution and abundance of the two species of sea urchins on vertical substrata at different spatial scales and through time. A ®eld experiment was used to test whether A. lixula constrained the distribution of P. lividus on vertical substrata, and to test for the predicted differences in the effects of the 2 species on assemblages of algae and invertebrates. Four treatments were used: (1) control (sea urchins left untouched); (2) A. lixula removed, P. lividus present; (3) A. lixula present, P. lividus removed, and (4) both species removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Males and Females Gonad Fatty Acids of the Sea Urchins and (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J
    Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins and (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J. García, María-Luisa Pita To cite this version: Inés Martínez-Pita, Francisco J. García, María-Luisa Pita. Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins and (Echinodermata). Helgoland Marine Research, Springer Verlag, 2009, 64 (2), pp.135-142. 10.1007/s10152-009-0174-7. hal-00535207 HAL Id: hal-00535207 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535207 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Helgol Mar Res (2010) 64:135–142 DOI 10.1007/s10152-009-0174-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata) Inés Martínez-Pita · Francisco J. García · María-Luisa Pita Received: 25 May 2009 / Revised: 18 September 2009 / Accepted: 24 September 2009 / Published online: 15 October 2009 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2009 Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze male and 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 found in males and females of the female gonad fatty acids of two sea urchin species, Para- Mediterranean specimens compared to those of the Atlantic centrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, from the south coast coast.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Microct Study of Pyramids of the Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus
    Journal of Structural Biology Journal of Structural Biology 141 (2003) 9–21 www.elsevier.com/locate/yjsbi X-ray microCT study of pyramids of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus S.R. Stock,a,* S. Nagaraja,b J. Barss,c T. Dahl,c and A. Veisc a Institute for Bioengineering and Nanoscience in Advanced Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-717, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA b School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA c Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Received 19 June 2002, and in revised form 23 September 2002 Abstract This paper reports results of a novel approach, X-ray microCT, for quantifying stereom structures applied to ossicles of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. MicroCT, a high resolution variant of medical CT (computed tomography), allows noninvasive mapping of microstructure in 3-D with spatial resolution approaching that of optical microscopy. An intact pyramid (two demi- pyramids, tooth epiphyses, and one tooth) was reconstructed with 17 lm isotropic voxels (volume elements); two individual demipyramids and a pair of epiphyses were studied with 9–13 lm isotropic voxels. The cross-sectional maps of a linear attenuation coefficient produced by the reconstruction algorithm showed that the structure of the ossicles was quite heterogeneous on the scale of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Variations in magnesium content and in minor elemental constitutents could not account for the observed heterogeneities. Spatial resolution was insufficient to resolve the individual elements of the stereom, but the observed values of the linear attenuation coefficient (for the 26 keV effective X-ray energy, a maximum of 7.4 cmÀ1 and a minimum of 2cmÀ1 away from obvious voids) could be interpreted in terms of fractions of voxels occupied by mineral (high magnesium calcite).
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater High Frequency Noise Biological Responses in Sea Urchin Arbacia Lixula
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 242 (2020) 110650 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpa Underwater high frequency noise: Biological responses in sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) T ⁎ Mirella Vazzanaa, , Manuela Mauroa, Maria Ceraulob, Maria Dioguardia, Elena Papalec, Salvatore Mazzolab, Vincenzo Arizzaa, Francesco Beltramed, Luigi Ingugliaa, Giuseppa Buscainob a Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi,18– 90123 Palermo, Italy b BioacousticsLab, Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Unit of Capo Granitola, National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy c Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy d Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Marine life is extremely sensitive to the effects of environmental noise due to its reliance on underwater sounds Echinoderms for basic life functions, such as searching for food and mating. However, the effects on invertebrate species are HSP70 not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical responses of Arbacia lixula Marine invertebrates exposed to high-frequency noise. Protein concentration, enzyme activity (esterase, phosphatase and peroxidase) Noise and cytotoxicity in coelomic fluid were compared in individuals exposed for three hours to consecutive linear Acoustic stimulus sweeps of 100 to 200 kHz lasting 1 s, and control specimens. Sound pressure levels ranged between 145 and Physiological stress 160 dB re 1μPa.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata) Durant El Període 2014-2018
    NEMUS núm. 9. 2019 Sobre la descripció d’espècies noves de la classe Echinoidea (Echinodermata) durant el període 2014-2018 Vicent Gual i Orti1, Javier Segura Navarro1 & Enric Forner i Valls1 1. Ateneu de Natura. Sant Roc, 125, 3r. 5a. 12004 Castelló de la Plana. [email protected]. En el camp de la paleontologia el treball de descripció de les espècies que s’han conservat al registre fòssil està molt lluny d’haver conclòs. De manera que d’una manera dispersa i arreu del món hi ha un continu degoteig de publicacions on es descriuen espècies noves. Dins la paleontologia, l’equinologia, ocupa un paper significatiu tant a nivell científic com a nivell de col·leccionisme privat i museístic. Aquesta importància, potser està moti- vada per la bona conservació de la carcassa dels equínids, que està constituïda per calcita, cosa que afavoreix la seua fossilització i proporciona un registre fòssil ric de la classe Echinoidea. L’interès del treball és donar un visió global i actual dels treballs de descripció de la classe Echinoidea, de la qual no s’ha publicat cap treball de recopilació des de l’any 2008. Disposar d’una fotografia, una mostra, del que està passant ara. Per altra banda, es vol aprofundir en certs aspectes que sovint no són analitzats. Com el lloc geogràfic i les edats geològiques en les quals s’estan fent descripcions o en quines revistes científiques i per qui s’estan publicant les espècies noves. De l’estudi es conclou, atesos els treballs que s’ha pogut enregistrar, que durant els últims cinc anys, 2014-2018, s’han descrit al món 74 espècies noves d’equínids, per 77 autors, que s’han publicat en 30 revistes diferents, mitjançant 53 articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinoid Diversification Prompt a Re
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013; this version posted August 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re- 2 evaluation of their fossil record 3 Short title: Phylogeny and diversification of sea urchins 4 5 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1,2*, Jeffrey R Thompson3,4, Avery S Hatch2, Marina F McCowin2, A 6 Frances Armstrong5, Simon E Coppard6, Felipe Aguilera7, Omri Bronstein8,9, Andreas Kroh10, Rich 7 Mooi5, Greg W Rouse2 8 9 1 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 2 Scripps Institution of 10 Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, 11 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK. 4 University College London Center for 12 Life’s Origins and Evolution, London, UK. 5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California 13 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. 6 Bader International Study Centre, Queen's University, 14 Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, UK. 7 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de 15 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 8 School of Zoology, Faculty of Life 16 Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 10 17 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria 18 * Corresponding author.
    [Show full text]
  • For Peer Review
    Page 1 of 40 Geological Journal Page 1 of 32 1 2 3 Neogene echinoids from the Cayman Islands, West Indies: regional 4 5 6 implications 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 11 STEPHEN K. DONOVAN *, BRIAN JONES and DAVID A. T. HARPER 12 13 14 15 1Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands 16 17 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E3 18 For Peer Review 19 3 20 Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 *Correspondence to: S. K. Donovan, Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 49 50 Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. 51 52 E-mail: [email protected] 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gj Geological Journal Page 2 of 40 Page 2 of 32 1 2 3 The first fossil echinoids are recorded from the Cayman Islands. A regular echinoid, Arbacia? sp., the 4 5 spatangoids Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus Wright and Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark), and the 6 7 clypeasteroid Clypeaster sp. are from the Middle Miocene Cayman Formation. Test fragments of the 8 9 mellitid clypeasteroid, Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske), are from the Late Pleistocene Ironshore 10 11 Formation. Miocene echinoids are preserved as (mainly internal) moulds; hence, all species are left 12 13 14 in open nomenclature because of uncertainties regarding test architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Data Sheet
    DEMERSAL OTTER/BEAM TRAWL DATA SHEET RESEARCH VESSEL_____________________(1/20/13 Version*) CLASS__________________;DATE_____________;NAME:___________________________; DEVICE DETAILS_________ LOCATION (OVERBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (AT DEPTH): LAT_______________________; LONG_____________________________; DEPTH___________ LOCATION (START UP): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________;.DEPTH__________ LOCATION (ONBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ TIME: IN______AT DEPTH_______START UP_______SURFACE_______.DURATION OF TRAWL________; SHIP SPEED__________; WEATHER__________________; SEA STATE__________________; AIR TEMP______________ SURFACE TEMP__________; PHYS. OCE. NOTES______________________; NOTES_______________________________ INVERTEBRATES Phylum Porifera Order Pennatulacea (sea pens) Class Calcarea __________________________________ Family Stachyptilidae Class Demospongiae (Vase sponge) _________________ Stachyptilum superbum_____________________ Class Hexactinellida (Hyalospongia- glass sponge) Suborder Subsessiliflorae Subclass Hexasterophora Family Pennatulidae Order Hexactinosida Ptilosarcus gurneyi________________________ Family Aphrocallistidae Family Virgulariidae Aphrocallistes vastus ______________________ Acanthoptilum sp. ________________________ Other__________________________________________ Stylatula elongata_________________________ Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) Virgularia sp.____________________________ Other_______________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Urchins Paracentrotus Lividus and Arbacia Lixula in the Northwestern Mediterranean: Comparison Between a Marine Reserve and an Unprotected Area
    P - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 168: 135-145, 1998 Published July 9 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Temporal variability in abundance of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula in the northwestern Mediterranean: comparison between a marine reserve and an unprotected area Enric Salal1*,Marta Ribes2, Bernat ~ereu',Mike1 Zabalal, Victor ~lva~,Rafel coma2,Joaquim ~arrabou' 'Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain 'Institut de Ciencies del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Joan de Borbo s/n, E-08039 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT: Sea urchin populations were monitored in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean) and an adjacent unprotected area in order to (1) describe temporal variability in abun- dance and population size-structure of sea urchins within each area (from 1991 to 1997),and (2) to com- pare these areas to investigate the role of fish predation level in determining sea urchin population structure over time (from 1995 to 1997). Abundance of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) was monitored at 7 sites (4 inside and 3 outside the reserve), and 2 distinct habitats (fields of big boul- ders and vertical walls). P. lividus exhibited sign~ficantvariability in density over time on boulders, both inslde and outside the reserve, whereas its density dld not vary significantly on vertical walls. P hvjdus populations differed significantly in size-structure across sites, varying from unimodal to blmodal among sltes and years. Density and mean size of P. lividus were not significantly different between the protected and the unprotected area in either of the 2 habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report for 2015-2016 and Newsletter 33
    Notice of Annual General Meeting and Annual Address The 170th Annual General Meeting will be held in the Flett Lecture Theatre of the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, on Wednesday, 19th April, 2017, at 4.00 pm. The Annual Report of Council will be presented, along with Income and Expenditure Accounts for the year ended 31st December, 2016, and Council Members and Officers will be elected for the ensuing year. Tea and coffee will be available from 3.30 pm. This meeting is open to all members of the Society. The AGM will be followed by the Society’s Eleventh Annual Lecture, to be given by Professor Jenny Clack (University of Cambridge). The event will be held in the Flett Lecture Theatre of the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, at 4.15 pm. This event is open to members of the Society and other interested parties. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- NEWSLETTER 33 1 Publications: Volume 170 was published in November 2016. Vol. 170, 2016 (£280.00) 646. British Jurassic regular echinoids, Part 2, Carinacea, by A.B. Smith (pp. 69-176, plates 42-82, final part. £130.00). 647. Ichthyosaurs of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic, Part 1, Ophthalmosaurus, by B.J. Moon & A.M. Kirton (pp. 1-84, plates 1-30. £150.00). The Editors welcome suggestions for new titles and would also be grateful for manuscripts that represent concluding or additional parts of ongoing, unfinished monographs. 2 Subscriptions for 2017 were considered due on 1st January, 2017, and will entitle subscribers to Volume 171. Individual subscriptions are £35.00.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleogenomics of Echinoids Reveals an Ancient Origin for the Double-Negative Specification of Micromeres in Sea Urchins
    Paleogenomics of echinoids reveals an ancient origin for the double-negative specification of micromeres in sea urchins Jeffrey R. Thompsona,1, Eric M. Erkenbrackb, Veronica F. Hinmanc, Brenna S. McCauleyc,d, Elizabeth Petsiosa, and David J. Bottjera aDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and dHuffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Edited by Douglas H. Erwin, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Neil H. Shubin January 31, 2017 (received for review August 2, 2016) Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, methods thus provide a rigorous methodology in which to examine unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental gene expression datasets, and ultimately animal body plan evolu- biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the tion (11), within the context of evolutionary time. After genomic ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental novelties underlying differential body plan development have been mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological structures identified, we can then consider the rates at which these novelties both in the development of an individual and across entire evolution- arise, and the rates at which GRNs evolve. Achieving this end ary lineages. Accurately dating GRN novelties, thereby establishing requires an explicit timeline in which to explore GRN evolution. a timeline for GRN evolution, is necessary to answer questions In a phylogenetically informed, comparative framework, it is about the rate at which GRNs and their subcircuits evolve, and to possible to infer where on a phylogenetic tree and when, in deep tie their evolution to paleoenvironmental and paleoecological time, GRN innovations are likely to have first arisen.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Yellow Sea, Korea
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 29, No. 4: 312-315, October 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2013.29.4.312 Short communication A New Record of Sea Urchin (Echinoidea: Stomopneustoida: Glyptocidaridae) from the Yellow Sea, Korea Taekjun Lee1, Sook Shin2,* 1College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea 2Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Korea ABSTRACT Sea urchins were collected from waters adjacent to Daludo Island and Mohang harbor in the Yellow Sea, and were identified into Glyptocidaris crenularis A. Agassiz, 1864, of the family Stomopneustidae within the order Stomopneustoida, based on morphological characteristics. This species has two unique morphological characteristics: the ambulacral plate is composed of three primary plates and two demi-plates, and a valve of globiferous pedicellaria consists of with a well-developed long terminal hook and a unique stalk equipped with one to six long lateral processes covering membranes, resembling fins. It is newly recorded in Korea and is described with photographs. This brings the total number of sea urchins reported from the Yellow Sea, Korea, to seven. Keywords: Glyptocidaris crenularis, sea urchin, taxonomy, morphology, Yellow Sea, Korea INTRODUCTION ethyl alcohol and their important morphological characters were photographed using a digital camera (D7000; Nikon, Sea urchins are familiar marine benthic species which are Tokyo, Japan), stereo- and light-microscopes (Nikon SMZ classified into two subclasses: Cidaroidea and Euechinoidea. 1000; Nikon Eclipse 80i) and scanning electron microscope Euechinoidea includes 11 orders (Kroh and Mooi, 2013). Of (JSM-6510; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were iden- them, the order Stomopneustoida comprises only two species tified on the basis of morphological chracters and described of two families: Glyptocidaris crenularis A.
    [Show full text]