SICB 2010 Annual Meeting Abstracts e1 Symposia and Oral Abstracts 43.1 ABBOTT, E.M.*; MARSH, R.L.; ASTLEY, H.C.; AZIZI, E.; 12.11 ACOSTA, W.*; SCHUTZ, H.; DLUGOSZ, E.M.; MEEK, ROBERTS, T.J.; Brown Univ., Northeastern Univ., Brown , T.H.; HANNON, R.M; KEENEY, B.K.; RADOJCIC, B.E.; MACIEL, Brown ; [email protected] R.C.; GARLAND, T., Jr.; Univ. of California, Riverside; The celebrated jumping frogs of Calaveras County: how [email protected] far can a frog really jump? Food Choice in Mice Selectively Bred for High Voluntary True performance limits, as defined by maximal physiological Wheel Running function, can be difficult to identify. Estimating maximal The human obesity epidemic is growing and many studies are performance often relies on subjective criteria, and may be trying to decipher the underlying causes. One main hypotheses hindered by limited sample size, time, and variability in emphasizes consumption of a "Western diet" (high in fat and behavior. Our interest in the maximal jumping performance of sugar) in combination with a lack of physical activity. We are frogs led us to the 82nd annual Calaveras County Jumping Frog examining lines of mice bred for high voluntary wheel running Jubilee, where large numbers of frogs (Rana catesbeiana), (HR lines) in this context. Our previous studies show that mice standardized rules, numerous trials and competitors' years of from the 4 replicate HR lines run, on average, 2.5-3.0-fold more experience improves the chance of measuring true maximal revolutions/day than those from 4 non-selected Control (C) performance. We used an HD camcorder to record a sequence lines, they eat more, have lower body fat, higher endurance of three jumps for each competing bullfrog. The jumping stage capacity, and higher maximal oxygen consumption. In addition, was calibrated using a large grid and a perspective HR females given a high-fat diet while housed without wheel de-distortion algorithm (estimated error = ± 1cm). During the access were unique in that they consumed greater amounts of three-day competition, we recorded and analyzed more than food, increased home-cage activity, and did not gain weight 3,000 jumps from nearly 1,000 individuals. The distributions of (Vaanholt et al. 2008 Int. J. Obesity 32:1566-1575). Recently, jump distances revealed the influence of competitors' expertise. we have found that providing a Western diet (Harlan Teklad Frog jumping "professionals", who bring their own frogs and TD.88137 Western Diet, 42% kcal from fat), as opposed to Downloaded from compete annually, elicited jumps that were skewed to long standard chow (Teklad Rodent Diet (W) 8604 14% kcal from distances. The jump distances produced by "civilians" using fat), can increase daily wheel running by up to 50% in HR rental frogs provided by the organizers were shorter and males, while having little or no effect on C males (T. H. Meek, J. followed a normal distribution. The longest jump distance C. Eisenmann, and T. Garland, Jr., unpublished). The purpose of recorded was 2.20 m, almost twice as far as published the present study was to compare dietary choice (Teklad 8604 estimates for this species (1.29 m, Zug 1978). Peak power versus 88137), wheel running, and home-cage activity of HR outputs during the longest jumps were higher than 850 (W/kg and C mice when housed with wheel access. We used two muscle mass), and total muscle work exceeded 50 J/kg. These experimental groups of mice. The first was tested for two days http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/ values challenge the notion that semi-aquatic ranids are following the 6-day period of wheel access used to choose relatively poor jumpers due to functional trade-offs between breeders in the routine selection protocol. The second was swimming and jumping. The results of this study demonstrate acclimated to wheel access for ~2.5 weeks prior to testing, and the potential limitations of quantifying maximal performance in was also monitored for home-cage activity. Supported by NSF a laboratory setting. Supported by NSF grant 642428 to TJR. IOB-0543429. at Kent State University Libraries on August 30, 2012 71.2 ADAMS, R.A.*; SNODE, E.; Univ. of Northern Colorado, 15.8 ADAMS, N*; CAMPANALE, J; GRAVEM, S; MALLICOAT, Greeley; [email protected] A; MALLONEE, M; California Polytechnic State University, San Do vespertilionid bats have a third wing? Luis Obispo, ; [email protected] Although the uropatagium of vespertilionid bats is well known Long-term exposure of adult purple sea urchins, for its use as an insect catchment during foraging, the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, to sunlight protects inter-femoral membrane has been largely ignored as an active embryos from ultraviolet radiation contributor to flight mechanics. Indeed, the uropatagium is Purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were often referred to as a morphological feature that predominately reared on controlled algal diets with or without exposure to increase drag during flight and is therefore of reduced size in natural solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in flow-through species that exhibit high-speed flight morphology. With the use aquaria at the Cal Poly Center for Coastal Marine Sciences Pier of high-speed video, we put forth a new interpretation of the Facility to identify whether we could alter the accumulation of uropatagium and its participation in flight dynamics by showing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in their tissues and how this membrane is used in a remarkable way to contribute whether subsequent eggs and embryos from UV-exposed or thrust during takeoff. We define this contribution to be MAA-enriched adults varied in resistance to UVR. S. Tail-Assisted-Induced-Lift or TAIL. The employment of this purpuratus, were exposed to one of four solar UVR-MAA diet technique is manifested fully during more difficult takeoffs, but conditions as follows: 1) –UVR –MAA, 2) –UVR +MAA, 3) +UVR the timely use of this skill while foraging is readily conceivable. –MAA, 4) +UVR +MAA from October 2007 to February 2008. Each batch of experimental eggs was analyzed for MAA content using HPLC to determine whether there was a correlation between the amount of delay and the concentration of MAAs in eggs. Embryos resulting from the fertilization of remaining eggs were either exposed to or protected from a 60-minute exposure to UVR. All embryos exposed to UVR experienced a delay in mitosis. Delays in division did not correlate with the MAA concentration of each batch of eggs (ANOVA, linear regression, P>0.05). Nevertheless, the concentration of MAAs was considerably lower in these eggs than in previous studies with green sea urchins. Embryos from +UVR adults experienced significantly shorter amount of delay, both in percent and minutes, than those from UV-protected adults (P<0.05). There was no difference in delay due to the diet of adults and there was no interaction in cleavage delay between adult UV-treatment and MAA diet. These data indicate that adult sea urchins exposed to sunlight transmit some protective effect to their eggs and embryos. January 3-7, 2010, Seattle, WA e2 SICB 2010 Annual Meeting Abstracts 72.5 ADDISON, B*; RICKLEFS, RE; KLASING, KC; Univ 72.7 ADELMAN, J.S.*; WIKELSKI, M.C.; HAU, M.; Princeton California Davis/Deakin Univ, Univ Missouri-St Louis, Univ University, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; California Davis; [email protected] [email protected] Testing the maternal immune imprinting hypothesis Latitudinal Differences in Sickness Behaviors and Fever: using direct manipulation of yolk antibodies. From Patterns to Mechanisms Ecoimmunology is a growing hot topic, and maternal effects on While immune responses often differ among closely related immunity are of increasing interest to ecologists and in human species and populations, the physiological mechanisms medicine alike. Immunological imprinting by maternally derived underlying these differences remain unknown. We need to antibodies has been proposed to have both positive and understand such mechanistic differences to determine how and negative consequences for offspring immunity in early and where selection acts to shape differences in immune function. adult life. Using laboratory Japanese quail, we developed a Free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) along the novel method of directly manipulating yolk antibodies of western coast of North America exhibit differences in sickness neonates, and then followed individuals through a series of behaviors (lethargy, in particular) and fever that vary inversely immune challenges until they were of reproductive age. Our with latitude. In this study we brought sparrows from two method of directly injecting purified antibodies into the yolk sac populations along the west coast (Southern California and of newly hatched chicks successfully elevated the plasma titres Washington) into captivity to determine 1) whether these of specific anti-KLH IgY in neonates, to levels comparable to population differences persist in a common-garden environment offspring of vaccinated hens. This allows us to test whether and 2) if so, what physiological signals underlie such differences in neonatal anti-KLH IgY affect immunity at the differences. As in free-living song sparrows, injection of juvenile and adult stages of life, and whether vaccination has lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a non-pathogenic antigen that mimics effects on immunity independent of the effects of antibodies. bacterial infection, decreased locomotor activity and increased We found little evidence for an effect of maternal antibodies on body temperature in all birds. Also consistent with free-living Downloaded from juvenile stage immune response, in contrast to results from birds, treated birds from Washington recovered normal activity previous studies. Adult immune response was also independent and thermoregulation significantly faster than did birds from of neonatal IgY titres, and surprisingly only weakly predicted by California. Moreover, Washington birds exhibited lower previous antigen exposure. We found no evidence of carryover circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interlukein-6 effects of yolk-derived antibodies on adult immunity.