Le Conseil Européen Cinquante Années De Rue De La Loi 175 1048 Bruxelles Conférences Au Sommet BELGIQUE Tél

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Le Conseil Européen Cinquante Années De Rue De La Loi 175 1048 Bruxelles Conférences Au Sommet BELGIQUE Tél QC-3 1 - 11 -406-FR-C FR Le Consei Rue de la Loi 175 l européen 1048 Bruxelles BELGIQUE Cinquante années de Tél. +32 22816111 SECRÉTARIAT GÉNÉR AL DU CONSEIL conférences au sommet www.european-council.europa.eu UNE INSTITUTION AU SOMMET LE CONSEIL EUROPEEN DE L’UNION EUROPEENNE 50 années de conférences 2011 au Sommet : étapes fondamentales Bâtiment Justus Lipsius : le siège actuel du Conseil européen Le centre de presse lors d’une réunion du Conseil européen Le Conseil européen devient une institution 1er décembre 2009 le traité de Lisbonne entre en vigueur : le Conseil européen devient une institution et “[...] Le Conseil européen donne à l’Union les impulsions nécessaires à son développement et en son président est élu pour deux ans et demi définit les orientations et les priorités politiques générales. [...] Le Conseil européen est composé des chefs d’État ou de gouvernement des États membres, ainsi que Le Président Herman Van Rompuy avec la Chancelière Angela Merkel, Conseil européen, Bruxelles, 16–17 décembre 2010 de son président et du président de la Commission. [...]“ (article 15 du traité sur l’Union européenne) 0 0 0 009 009 009 009 009 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 2009200920092009200920092009200920092009200920020 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Le Conseil européen : le traité sur l’Union européenne Thessalonique, “Le Conseil européen donne à 19–20 juin 2003 l’Union les impulsions nécessaires à le Conseil européen se réunit pour son développement et en définit les la dernière fois dans le pays de la présidence, désormais il se réunit orientations politiques générales. à Bruxelles ert [...]“ (article D du traité de Maastricht) en Bi rea d n A “[...] Le Conseil européen définit les / g n ru e er gi principes et les orientations générales re s 1 novembre 1993 e d n u B : de la politique étrangère et de t h g les fonctions du Conseil européen i r py sécurité commune. [...]“ (article J.8 sont définies dans le traité sur Co l’Union européenne (traité de Photo de famille, Thessalonique, 19–20 juin 2003 du traité de Maastricht) Maastricht) Premier Conseil européen après l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Maastricht, Bruxelles, 10–11 décembre 1993 3 3 3 9 993 993 993 993 993 993 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 9 9 199319931993199319931993199319931993199319931993199319919 1 1 1 Le Conseil européen : les débuts 1er juillet 1987 “[...] Il fallait retourner aux sources du le Conseil européen est inscrit à pouvoir pour achever d’abord l’union l’Acte unique européen économique [...] et pour rechercher ensuite les formes d’une union plus doi: complète et plus profonde [...]” 10.28 Jean Monnet conclut ses Mémoires 60/62 Premier Conseil européen après l’entrée en vigueur de l’Acte en 1976 avec un chapitre sur le Conseil 904 Dublin, 10–11 mars 1975 unique européen, Copenhague, 4–5 décembre 1987 première réunion du Conseil européen européen. 5 Photo de famille, Dublin, 10–11 mars 1975 975 975 975 975 975 97 97 97 97 97 97 9 9 1975197519751975197519751975197519751975197519751975197519 1 1 Les Conférences au sommet Paris, 9–10 décembre 1974 Copenhague, 14–15 décembre 1973 Paris, 9–10 décembre 1974 “Le sommet est mort, vive le Conseil européen” crise pétrolière (déclaration du Président Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, Paris, 19–20 octobre 1972 clôturant le sommet) participation du Danemark, de l’Irlande Bonn, 18 juillet 1961 et du Royaume-Uni “Les chefs d’Etat ou de Gouvernement [...] ont décidé : [...] de tenir, à intervalles réguliers, des réunions qui auront 2, Egon Steiner Egon 2, La Haye, 1–2 décembre 1969 0 0 1- décision politique sur le premier Séance de travail, Paris, 9–10 décembre 1974 pour objet de confronter leurs vues, de concerter leurs -F01102 d Bil élargissement 5 politiques et de parvenir à des positions communes afin de , 14 v © Union européenne, 2011 — QC-32-10-634-FR-P 2011 européenne, © Union chi Le Chancelier Konrad Adenauer ar favoriser l’union politique de l’Europe, [...]” (communiqué Rome, 29–30 mai 1967 accueille le Président Charles de Gaulle Bundes du sommet) 10 ans du traité de Rome pour le Sommet de Bonn, 18 juillet 1961 Paris, 10–11 février 1961 Bonn, 18 juillet 1961 “[...] La conférence avait pour objet de rechercher les moyens propres à organiser 1961 Paris, 10–11 février 1961 une coopération politique plus étroite. [...]“ (communiqué du sommet) www.european-council.europa.eu 5 COLLECTION ARCHIVES DÉCEMBRE 2011 Avertissement Secrétariat général du Conseil La présente brochure est produite par le Secrétariat général du Conseil et est fournie Le Conseil européen - Cinquante années de conférences au sommet uniquement à titre d’information. Luxembourg: Office des publications de l’Union européenne Pour toute information sur le Conseil européen et sur le Conseil, vous pouvez consulter les sites web : 2012 — 23 p. — 17,6 x 25 cm www.european-council.europa.eu www.consilium.europa.eu ISBN 978-92-824-3489-5 doi:10.2860/62904 ou vous adresser au service Information au public du Secrétariat général du Conseil à l’adresse suivante : Rue de la Loi 175 1048 Bruxelles BELGIQUE Tél. +32 22815650 Fax +32 22814977 www.consilium.europa.eu/infopublic De nombreuses informations sur l’Union européenne sont disponibles sur l’internet via le serveur Europa (http://europa.eu). Une fiche catalographique figure à la fin de l’ouvrage. Luxembourg: Office des publications de l’Union européenne, 2012 ISBN 978-92-824-3489-5 doi:10.2860/62904 © Union européenne, 2012 Reproduction autorisée, moyennant mention de la source Printed in Belgium IMPRIMÉ SUR PAPIER RECYCLE SANS CHLORE (PCF) Le Conseil européen Cinquante années de conférences au sommet Sommaire Avant-propos ................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................... 5 Les conférences au sommet .................................................................. 6 Les débuts du Conseil européen ............................................................. 8 Le Conseil européen dans les traités ....................................................... 10 L’Acte unique européen ..................................................................... 10 Le traité de Maastricht ...................................................................... 10 Les traités d’Amsterdam et de Nice .........................................................12 Le Conseil européen devient une institution .............................................15 Chronologie des conférences au sommet et des Conseils européens ................. 17 Pour plus d’informations ....................................................................23 3 Avant-propos La présente brochure retrace la naissance et l’histoire du Conseil européen. Elle a été réalisée en complément à l’affiche de la série historique (Archives): «Le Conseil européen: une institution au sommet de l’Union européenne». Prenant comme point de départ la première réunion au sommet à Paris en 1961, elle décrit l’évolution du fonctionnement, du rôle et du mandat du Conseil européen jusqu’à son statut d’institution à part entière avec le traité de Lisbonne en 2009. Une liste exhaustive de toutes les réunions du Conseil européen ainsi que des conférences au sommet depuis 1961 figure en fin de brochure. La brochure s’adresse au monde académique, aux chercheurs mais aussi à toute personne ayant un intérêt particulier pour l’histoire de l’intégration européenne. Si vous le souhaitez, vous pouvez nous faire parvenir vos remarques ou suggestions par courriel à l’adresse suivante: [email protected]. 4 Introduction Les chefs d’État ou de gouvernement des six États membres de la Communauté euro- péenne du charbon et de l’acier (CECA) se réunissent les 19 et 20 février 1957, à Paris, à l’invitation du président du Conseil des ministres français, Guy Mollet, afin de résoudre les dernières difficultés concernant l’élaboration des futurs traités de Rome. Après l’entrée en vigueur des traités de Rome, l’idée de se réunir au plus haut niveau est relancée par le président Charles de Gaulle. Il organise alors la première conférence au sommet des chefs d’État ou de gouvernement des six États membres des Communautés européennes en février 1961 à Paris. En cinquante années d’existence depuis cette première conférence au sommet des chefs d’État ou de gouvernement des États membres, le Conseil européen a progressivement évolué du caractère de sommet occasionnel vers le statut d’institution européenne. Cet anniversaire nous invite à parcourir brièvement l’histoire de cette nouvelle institution, qui fut dès ses débuts au centre des principales décisions prises par les États membres à l’égard de leur intégration. Cette histoire reflète celle de l’Union européenne dans son ensemble: ses politiques, ses ambitions, ses crises et ses progrès. 5 Les conférences au sommet Convoquée en février 1961 à Paris, la première conférence au sommet a «[…] pour objet de rechercher les moyens propres à organiser une coopération politique plus étroite […]»1. Le niveau des chefs d’État ou de gouvernement permet d’aborder des thèmes importants non prévus par les traités de Paris et de Rome, tels que certains aspects des relations avec des États tiers. Au sommet de Bonn de juillet 1961, les Six poursuivent l’idée d’une coopération politique approfondie et déclarent: «Les chefs d’État ou de gouvernement […] ont décidé […] de tenir, à intervalles réguliers, des réunions qui auront pour objet de contrôler leurs vues, de concerter leurs politiques et de parvenir à des positions communes, afin de favoriser l’union politique de l’Europe […]»2. Pourtant, à cette même période, l’évolution vers une possible union politique fait face à un climat peu favorable, marqué notamment par l’échec des «plans Fouchet»3 de 1961 et 1962, les désaccords de 1963 et 1967 au sujet du premier élargissement et la crise de la «chaise vide» en 1965 et 1966 qui voit la France s’abstenir de participer aux réunions du Conseil et de ses instances. Dans ce climat, les chefs d’État et de gouvernement cessent de se réunir jusqu’en mai 1967, où la conférence au sommet à Rome est l’occasion de célébrer formellement les dix ans de la signature des traités CEE et Euratom.
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