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The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines

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The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines Dear Country Expert, In this section, we distinguish between the head of state (HOS) and the head of government (HOG). • The Head of State (HOS) is an individual or collective body that serves as the chief public representative of the country; his or her function could be purely ceremonial. • The Head of Government (HOG) is the chief officer(s) of the executive branch of government; the HOG may also be HOS, in which case the executive survey only pertains to the HOS. • The executive survey applies to the person who effectively holds these positions in practice. • The HOS/HOG pair will always include the effective ruler of the country, even if for a period this is the commander of foreign occupying forces. • The HOS and/or HOG must rule over a significant part of the country’s territory. • The HOS and/or HOG must be a resident of the country — governments in exile are not listed. • By implication, if you are considering a semi-sovereign territory, such as a colony or an annexed territory, the HOS and/or HOG will be a person located in the territory in question, not in the capital of the colonizing/annexing country. • Only HOSs and/or HOGs who stay in power for 100 consecutive days or more will be included in the surveys. • A country may go without a HOG but there will be no period listed with only a HOG and no HOS. • If a HOG also becomes HOS (interim or full), s/he is moved to the HOS list and removed from the HOG list for the duration of their tenure. • The HOG is not necessarily the Prime Minister, and the HOS not neces- sarily the President. For more details please see section 3.4 Executive from the Codebook. www.v-dem.net [email protected] Historical Country HOS Title HOS Name Date HOG Title HOG Name Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2005-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2006-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2007-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2008-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2009-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2010-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2011-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2012-12-31 Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai 2013-12-31 Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2014-09-29 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2014-12-31 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2015-12-31 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2016-12-31 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2017-12-31 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2018-12-31 Ahmadzai Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani 2019-12-31 Ahmadzai Albania 2005-09-11 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Albania President Alfred Spiro 2005-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Moisiu Albania President Alfred Spiro 2006-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Moisiu Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2007-07-24 Topi Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2007-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Topi Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2008-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Topi Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2009-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Topi Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2010-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Topi Albania President Bamir Myrteza 2011-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Topi Albania President Bujar Faik 2012-07-24 Nishani Albania President Bujar Faik 2012-12-31 Prime Minister Sali Berisha Nishani Albania 2013-09-15 Prime Minister Edi Rama Albania President Bujar Faik 2013-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Nishani www.v-dem.net [email protected] Historical Country HOS Title HOS Name Date HOG Title HOG Name Albania President Bujar Faik 2014-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Nishani Albania President Bujar Faik 2015-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Nishani Albania President Bujar Faik 2016-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Nishani Albania President Ilir Rexhep Meta 2017-07-24 Albania President Ilir Rexhep Meta 2017-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Albania President Ilir Rexhep Meta 2018-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Albania President Ilir Rexhep Meta 2019-12-31 Prime Minister Edi Rama Algeria President Abdelaziz 2005-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria 2006-05-24 Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem Algeria President Abdelaziz 2006-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2007-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem Bouteflika Algeria 2008-06-23 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Algeria President Abdelaziz 2008-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2009-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2010-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2011-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria 2012-09-03 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Algeria President Abdelaziz 2012-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2013-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Bouteflika Algeria 2014-03-14 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Algeria 2014-04-28 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Algeria President Abdelaziz 2014-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2015-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2016-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal Bouteflika Algeria 2017-08-16 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Algeria President Abdelaziz 2017-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria President Abdelaziz 2018-12-31 Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Bouteflika Algeria 2019-03-11 Prime Minister Noureddine Bedoui Algeria President Abdelkader 2019-04-09 Bensalah www.v-dem.net [email protected] Historical Country HOS Title HOS Name Date HOG Title HOG Name Algeria President Abdelmadjid 2019-12-19 Tebboune Algeria 2019-12-28 Prime Minister Abdelaziz Djerad Algeria President Abdelmadjid 2019-12-31 Prime Minister Abdelaziz Djerad Tebboune Angola President José Eduardo dos 2005-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2006-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2007-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2008-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2009-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2010-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2011-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2012-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2013-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2014-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2015-12-31 Santos Angola President José Eduardo dos 2016-12-31 Santos Angola President João Lourenço 2017-09-26 Angola President João Lourenço 2017-12-31 Angola President João Lourenço 2018-12-31 Angola President João Lourenço 2019-12-31 Argentina President Néstor Carlos 2005-12-31 Kirchner Ostoic Argentina President Néstor Carlos 2006-12-31 Kirchner Ostoic Argentina President Cristina 2007-12-10 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2007-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2008-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner www.v-dem.net [email protected] Historical Country HOS Title HOS Name Date HOG Title HOG Name Argentina President Cristina 2009-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2010-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2011-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2012-01-24 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2012-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2013-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Cristina 2014-12-31 Fernández de Kirchner Argentina President Mauricio Macri 2015-12-10 Argentina President Mauricio Macri 2015-12-31 Argentina President Mauricio Macri 2016-12-31 Argentina President Mauricio Macri 2017-12-31 Argentina President Mauricio Macri 2018-12-31 Argentina President Alberto Fernández 2019-12-10 Argentina President Alberto Fernández 2019-12-31 Armenia President Robert Sedraki 2005-12-31 Prime Minister Andranik Nakhapeti Kocharyan Margaryan Armenia President Robert Sedraki 2006-12-31 Prime Minister Andranik Nakhapeti Kocharyan Margaryan Armenia 2007-03-26 Prime Minister Serzh Azati Sargsyan Armenia President Robert Sedraki 2007-12-31 Prime Minister Serzh Azati Sargsyan Kocharyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2008-04-09 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2008-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2009-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2010-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2011-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2012-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sargsyan www.v-dem.net [email protected] Historical Country HOS Title HOS Name Date HOG Title HOG Name Armenia President Serzh Azati 2013-12-31 Prime Minister Tigran Sureni Sargsyan Sarkisyan Armenia 2014-04-13 Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2014-12-31 Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamyan Sarkisyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2015-12-31 Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamyan Sarkisyan Armenia 2016-09-13 Prime Minister Karen Vilhelmi Karapetyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2016-12-31 Prime Minister Karen Vilhelmi Sarkisyan Karapetyan Armenia President Serzh Azati 2017-12-31 Prime Minister Karen Vilhelmi Sarkisyan Karapetyan Armenia President Armen Sarkissian 2018-04-09 Armenia 2018-05-08 Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Armenia President Armen Sarkissian 2018-12-31 Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Armenia President Armen Sarkissian 2019-12-31 Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Australia Governor- Philip Michael 2005-12-31 Prime Minister
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