Lietuvių Pedagoginis Universitetas Lituanistikos Fakultetas
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/LHWXYLǐSHGDJRJLQLVXQLYHUVLWHWDV Lituanistikos fakultetas /LHWXYLǐNDOERW\URVNDWHGUD $1$,*1$729,ý .$/(1'25,1,Ǐâ9(1ý,Ǐ,5(71,1,Ǐ3$352ý,Ǐ3$9$',1,0$, Magistro darbas Darbo vadovas prof. Vincentas Drotvinas Vilnius, 2010 TURINYS Ʋ9$'$6 4 35$7$50Ơ 6 ,3$6729,26,26â9(17Ơ6 9 ADVENTAS 9 â9,(626',(1$ 10 .Njý,26 10 .$/Ơ'26 12 NAUJIEJI METAI 16 TRYS KARALIAI 17 .5,.â7$, 17 *5$%1<ý,26 18 VIEVERSIO DIENA 19 .29$51,Ǐ',(1$ 19 .(785,$6'(â,07,(63$8.âý,Ǐ',(1$ 19 3(03Ơ6',(1$ 20 /<*Ơ 20 %/29,(âý,86 20 %$/$1'ä,23,502-,0(/$*,Ǐ',(1$ 21 -85*,1Ơ6 21 5$6$-21,1Ơ6 22 3(75,1Ơ6 25 SEPTYNI BROLIAI MIEGANTYS 25 â.$3/,(51$ 26 ä2/,1Ơ 26 *$1'5Ǐ,â6.5,',02',ENA 26 6Ơ0(1Ơ 27 9,6Ǐâ9(17Ǐ-Ǐâ9(17Ơ 27 9Ơ/,1Ơ6 27 .,726â9(17Ơ6 28 ,,.,/12-$026â9(17Ơ6 31 8ä*$9Ơ1Ơ6 31 *$9Ơ1,$ 34 9(5%Ǐ6(.0$',(1,6 37 ','ä,2-,6$9$,7Ơ 39 VELYKOS 41 â(â7,1Ơ66(.0,1Ơ6'(9,17,1Ơ6 43 ,â9$'26 46 /,7(5$7Nj5266Ą5$â$6 48 SANTRUMPOS 50 2 SANTRAUKA 51 SUMMARY 52 7(50,1Ǐä2'<1Ơ/,6 53 PRIEDAI 54 3 ƲYDGDV PLUP\NãþLDPåPRJXLEXYRsvarbuVXSUDVWLLUSDDLãNLQWLQXRODWEHVLNHLþLDQþLXVJDPWRV UHLãNLQLXV3iUPDSUDGåLDP egzistencijos suvokimui buvo suteikiamas sakralumo statusas, „<...> tad LU Mǐ PLWDL WLHVLRJLDL VLHMRVL VX EHQGULMRV DSHLJRPLV DWVSLQGơMR MRV WLNơMLPXV NnjUơ WUDGLFLMDV³ ýHSLHQơ 7UDGLFLMD–WDLNDVSHUGXRGDPDLãNDUWRVƳNDUWąUHOLJLQLRPRN\PRåLQLMRVLU SRW\ULǐ YLVXPD DWNXULDPD NLHNYLHQRV NDUWRV LU JULQGåLDQWL WRV UHOLJLMRV HVPĊ LU WĊVWLQXPą %HUHVQHYLþLXV *DPWRV UHLãNLQLǐ PDLQ\PRVL VWHEơMLPDV buvo NDOHQGRULQơV sistemos sudarymo SULHåDVWLV. Tai kasmet ar artimu laiku SDVLNDUWRMDQþLRVDSUDLãNRVƳJDYXVLRVãYHQWơVUHLNãPĊâYHQWơ – tai sakrali GDWD DU ODLNRWDUSLV NXRPHW ƳYDLULDLV ULWXDODLV \UD DWNXULDPDV SLUPDSUDGLV ƳY\NLV SDJUƳVWDV PLWX DU Mǐ YLVXPD NXUL ãYHQWơV PHWX \UD DWNDUWRMDPD LU ƳSUDVPLQDPD GDEDUW\MH %HUHVQHYLþLXV 1HDEHMRWLQDL WHQND ƳVLVąPRQLQWL LNLNULNãþLRQLãNRV LU NULNãþLRQLãNRV GYDVLQơV SDVDXOơåLnjURV VNLUWXPXV /LHWXYLǐ WUDGLFLQơV NXOWnjURV SDYHOGH WHLJLD /LEHUWDV .OLPND DSWLQNDPL NDOHQGRULQLDLSDSURþLDL VXVLNORVWĊODEDLVNLUWLQJXODLNX –WDLLUDUFKDMLãNRMRPơQXOLRNDOHQGRULDXV reliktDV LU YơOHVQL åHPGLUELǐ VDXOơV NDOHQGRULDXV VH]RQǐ FLNODL EHW YLV GơOWR YLVNDV VLHMDVL VX NULNãþLRQLãNRPLVãYHQWơPLV .OLPND Lietuviai VHQRYơMH SDVLå\PơMR NDLS åHPGLUELǐ WDXWD WRGơO QHQXRVWDEX NDG LU MRV SDSURþLXRVHHVDPDQHPDåDLãLǐHOHPHQWǐUDLãNRV3DSURþLDL– „tai perdavimas kitoms kartoms tam WLNUǐ J\YHQLPH ƳVLWYLUWLQXVLǐ QRUPǐ NXULRV SHU LOJą ODLNą WDPSD WDP WLNURPLV WDLV\NOơPLV PRUDOLQơPLV QRUPRPLV 3DSURþLǐ VYDUED \UD GDXJLDO\Sơ WDL GRURYLQLR HVWHWLQLR XJG\PR LU HPRFLQơV LãNRYRV SULHPRQơ IRUPXRMDQWL EHQGUXRPHQơV ãHLPRV HOJHVLR NRGHNVą SHUGXRGDPą Lã kartos kartai (9HO\NǐU\Wą2006: 4). äHPGLUE\VWơ GDYơ SDJULQGR PHWXV VNLUVW\WL SDJDO åLHPRV LU YDVDURV VROVWLFLMDV (nuo JUXRGåLR GLHQRV – åLHPRV VROVWLFLMD DUED VDXOơV JUƳåLPDV QXR ELUåHOLR GLHQRV – vasaros VROVWLFLMDDUEDYDVDURVVDXOơVJUąåD 3R /LHWXYRV NULNãWR LPWD ãYĊVWL EDåQ\WLQơV ãYHQWơV NXULRV VNLUVWRPRV Ƴ YLVXRWLQHV SDJDO EDåQ\WLQƳ NDOHQGRULǐ LU YLHWLQHV NUDãWR WDXWRV DU SURYLQFLMRV JOREơMǐ ãYHQWǐMǐ NXULH WXUi NDåNąEHQGURVXWDY\VNXSLMD /LHWXYLǐHQFLNORSHGLMD 1960: 223). %DåQ\WLQơV ãYHQWơV skirstomos dar Ƴ SDVWRYLąVLDV LU NLOQRMDPąVLDV 3DVWRYLRVLRV – ãYHQþLDPRVNDVPHWWąSDþLąGLHQą.LOQRMDPRVLRVãYHQWơVSULNODXVRQXR9HO\NǐGDWRVLUNLOQRMDPRV tokiu pat intervalu. 4 .DOHQGRULQLǐ PHWǐ ãYHQþLǐ VąUDãDV QXRODWRV LOJơMD -Ƴ SDSLOGR ƳYDLULRV SURIHVLQơV dienos åXUQDOLVWǐ GLHQD– JHJXåơV 7-oji PLãNLQLQNǐ GLHQD – UXJVơMR 24-oji, VWDW\ELQLQNǐ GLHQD – UXJVơMR 12-oji) WDUSWDXWLQơV ãYHQWơV (Gimtosios kalbos diena – vasario 11-oji, Raã\WRMǐ GLHQD – kovo 3-oji, Moters diena – kovo 8-oji), SDVDXOLQơV ãYHQWơV Poezijos diena – kovo 21-oji, metereologijos diena – kovo 23-RML äHPơV GLHQD – kovo 20-oji), svarbioPV YDOVW\EơV LVtorijos GDWRPV VNLUWRV ãYHQWơV /LHWXYRV NDUDOLDXV 0LQGDXJR NDUnjQDYLPR GLHQD – liepos 6-oji, Lietuvos 9DOVW\EơVDWNnjULPRGLHQD– kovo 11-oji, /DLVYơVJ\QơMǐGLHQD– sausio 13-oji). 5 3UDWDUPơ 1HSULNODXVRP\EơV PHWDLV LWLQ VXDNW\YơMR HWQLQơV NXOWnjURV W\ULQơMLPDL <UD LãOHLVWD QHPDåDLƳYDLULǐYHLNDOǐSRSXOLDULRVLRVOLWHUDWnjURVNXULHpateikiaQHWLNEHQGUXRVLXVOLHWXYLǐWDXWRV SDYHOGR W\ULQơMLPXV EHW LU VPXONLDL DSWDULD ƳYDLULDV NXOWnjULQLR J\YHQLPR GHWDOHV DUFKHRORJLMD DUFKLWHNWnjUDWDXWRGDLOơHWQRPX]LNDEHQGUXRPHQơWLN\EDSDSURþLDLNDOHQGRULQơVLUGDUERãYHQWơV YHUVODVLUWW 9LVGơOWRNDLSSDVWHELPDPDåDLGơPHVLR\UDVNLULDPDãYHQþLǐLUMRVHYHLNLDQþLǐMǐ VXEMHNWǐ SDYDGLQLPDPV DLãNLQWL 7RGơO ãLR darbo tikslas – HWQROLQJYLVWLQLX DVSHNWX DSåYHOJWL OLHWXYLǐ NDOERV NDOHQGRULQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ EHL SDSURþLǐ SHUVRQDåǐ SDYDGLQLPXV 6LHNLDPD DSWDUWL Mǐ NLOPĊGDU\EąSDWHLNWLNXRSODWHVQĊVLQRQLPLNą9DGLQDVLdarbo objektas –NDOHQGRULQLǐãYHQþLǐ LUVXMRPLVVXVLMXVLǐSDSURþLǐEHLSHUVRQDåǐSDYDGLQLPDL /LWHUDWnjUDLrãDOWLQLDL 1DXGRWDVLOLHWXYLǐHWQRORJǐLUHWQRJUDIǐW\ULQơMLPDLV. Tai Jono %DOLR YHLNDODV Ä/LHWXYLǐ NDOHQGRULQơV ãYHQWơV³ 1. .DLS SDWV DXWRULXV UDãR SDJULQGLQơ PHGåLDJDãLDPYHLNDOXLEXYRSDLPWDLã/LHWXYLǐWDXWRVDNRV$UFK\YRLU/LHWXYLǐ0RNVORGraugijos WDXWRVDNRV UDQNUDãþLǐ Kn\JRMH SDWHLNLDPD .DOơGǐ 8åJDYơQLǐ 9HUELQLǐ 'LGåLRVLRV VDYDLWơV 9HO\Nǐ -XUJLQLǐ âHãWLQLǐ 6HNPLQLǐ 'HYLQWLQLǐ 9LVǐ ãYHQWǐMǐ LU 9ơOLQLǐ WDXWRVDND Tiesa, pasakytina, kad ne taip ir seniai (1998 – 2004) pasirodơ SHQNL -RQR %DOLR UDãWǐ WRPDL NXULXRVH SXEOLNXRMDPLMRYHLNDODLLUUDãWRGDUEDL %HQGUDP OLHWXYLǐ HWQLQơV NXOWnjURV LU MRV LVWRULMRV VXSUDWLPXL SDJHOEơMR HWQRJUDIR UHOLJLMRW\ULQLQNR LU EDOWǐ PLWRORJR 1RUEHUWR 9ơOLDXV PRNVOLQLV YHLNDODV Ä6HQRYơV EDOWǐ SDVDXOơåLnjUD³ 1983). 1HPDåDL PHGåLDJRV DSLH OLHWXYLǐ WDXWRV SDSURþLXV VXWHLNơ 3UDQơV 'XQGXOLHQơV veikalai: Ä/LHWXYLǐ HWQRJUDILMD³ (1982), Ä/LHWXYLǐ ãYHQWơV WUDGLFLMRV SDSURþLDL DSHLJRV³ (2005), Ä6HQRYơVOLHWXYLǐPLWRORJLMDLUUHOLJLMD³ (2007)NXULXRVHQXRVHNOLDLSDJDOFKURQRORJLMąDSUDãRPRV kalHQGRULQơVãYHQWơVMǐNLOPơLãVDPLDLDSWDULDPLSDSURþLDLEHLMǐGDO\YLDLDNFHQWXRMDPDãYHQþLǐ SUDVPơ 7DLS SDW UHPLDPDVL HWQRORJR /LEHUWR .OLPNRV PRNVOLQH PRQRJUDILMD Ä7UDGLFLQLǐ NDOHQGRULQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ VHPDQWLND³ (2009) EHL Ä/LHWXYLãNǐMǐ ãYHQþLǐ UDWH³ (2009) Ä7DXWRV PHWǐ³ (2009) knyga, mitologine studija „SenoYơVGLHYDLLUPLWLQơVEnjW\EơV³ -R PRNVOLQơMH VWXGLMRMH DSLH ãYHQþLǐ VHPDQWLNą DSåYHOJLDPDV QH WLN YLVǐ PHWǐ UDWR ãYHQWơVEHWLUDSUDãRPRVUXQǐNDOHQGRULDXVGDWRVSDWHLNLDPDMǐVHPDQWLNDWDLSSDWSDWRJXPRGơOHL GXRWRV OHQWHOơV NXULRVH FKURQRORJLQH WYDUND QXURGRPRV PHWLQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ GDWRV PơQXOLR ID]ơV LU 1 'DXJLDXGXRPHQǐåUlLWHUDWnjURVLUãDOWLQLǐVąUDãH 6 VDXOơV SDGơW\V OLDXGLHV WUDGLFLQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ SDYDGLQLPDL ãDOLD Mǐ DWLWLQNDPDL QXURGRPRV LU NDWDOLNLãNRVãYHQWơVEHLYDOVW\ELQơVDWPLQWLQRV dienos. 7LULDQWGDUERREMHNWąEXYRSDVLUHPWDLUPLWRORJLQơPLVVWXGLMRPLVTai Algirdo Juliaus *UHLPRÄ7DXWRVDWPLQWLHVEHLHãNDQW$SLHGLHYXVLUåPRQHV³Ä/LHWXYLǐPLWRORJLMRVVWXGLMRV³taip pat 5LPDQWR%DOVLRÄ/LHWXYLǐLUSUnjVǐGLHYDLGHLYơVLUGYDsios: nuo apeigos iki prietaro“. 0HGåLDJRV W\ULQơMLPXL SDVLWDUQDYR -XR]R .XGLUNRV LVWRULQơ O\JLQDPRML DSåYDOJD Ä/LHWXYLãNRVNnjþLRV³ (1994)WDLSSDWLUÄ.njþLǐQDNWLV³ (1990)Ä-RQLQơV³ (1991)HWQRJUDILQơVWXGLMD Ä8åJDYơQơV³ (1992). Be to, naudotasi å\PDXV HWQRNXOWnjULQLR MXGơMLPR GDO\YLR -RQR 7ULQNnjQR YHLNDOX Ä/LHWXYLǐSDVDXOơMDXWDSDSURþLDLDSHLJRVåHQNODL³ (2003)NXULDPHSDJULQGLQLVGơPHV\VVNLULDPDV VHQRVLRPVEDOWǐWUDGLFLMRPVJDPWRVãYHQWơPVLUSDJRQLãNRPVDSHLJRPVDSUDã\WL7DLSDWHWQRORJơV ,UHQRVýHSLHQơVÄ/LHWXYLǐHWQLQơVNXOWnjURVLVWRULMD³ 1992). ,ãVDPLRV HWQRJUDILQơV PHGåLDJRV VXWHLNơ /LHWXYRV OLDXGLHV NXOWnjURV FHQWUR LãOHLVWD SXEOLNDFLMǐ VHULMD Ä$WYDåLXRMD .DOơGRV $GYHQWR-.DOơGǐ SDSURþLDL LU WDXWRVDND³ (2000) Ä9HO\Nǐ U\WąOHOLMDSUDå\GR9HUEǐVHNPDGLHQLR9HO\Nǐ-XUJLQLǐSDSURþLDLLUWDXWRVDND³ (2006), „Kupole URåH6HNPLQLǐ--RQLQLǐSDSURþLDLLUWDXWRVDND³ (2003). 0LQơWLQLWDLSSDW$OHNVDQGURäDUVNDXVOHLGLniaiÄ.DOơGLQLVYLUVPDV$GYHQWDV.njþLRV .DOơGRV³ (1999) Ä9DVDUYLGåLR YLUVPDV UDVD NXSROơ NUHãơV³ (2000) Ä3DYDVDULR YLUVPR ãYHQWơV XåJDYơQơV9HO\NRV³ (2001),Ä5ơGRVUDWDVOLHWXYLǐNDOHQGRULQơVãYHQWơV³ (1990). 7DLS SDW SHUåYHOJWDV %LUXWơV ,PEUDVLHQơV VXGDU\WDV Ä/LHWXYLǐ NDOHQGRULQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ³ (1990) OHLGLQ\V NXULV NDLS LU SULHã WDL PLQơWL FKURQRORJLãND NDOHQGRULQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ VHND SDWHLNLD HWQRJUDILQLǐ GXRPHQǐ %XYR SDVLQDXGRWD LU WUXPSX EHW LãVDPLX LVWRULNR HWQRORJR $UnjQR 9DLFHNDXVNRGLGåLǐMǐPHWLQLǐãYHQþLǐ–.DOơGǐ8åJDYơQLǐ9HO\Nǐ-XUJLQLǐ6HNPLQLǐ-RQLQLǐ äROLQLǐ9ơOLQLǐ–DSUDã\PXOHLGLQ\MHÄ/LHWXYLǐNDOHQGRULQơVãYHQWơV³ (2006) bei AQWDQR%XUDþR VWUDLSVQLǐULQNLQLXÄ/LHWXYRVNDLPRSDSURþLDL³ (1993). PDVLUHPWD %URQLVODYRV .HUEHO\WơV LU %URQơV 6WXQGåLHQơV SDUHQJWD Ä/LHWXYLǐ IRONORUR chrestomatija“ (1999)/LHWXYLǐOLDudies dainyno XX tomu (2007). .DLSSDJDOELQơGDUERSULHPRQơ pasitarnavo Hanso BiedermannR Ä1DXMDVLV VLPEROLǐ åRG\QDV³ (2002) DXWRULǐ JUXSơV SDUHQJWDV Ä5HOLJLMRW\URVåRG\QDV³ (1991).ULNãþLRQLãNLHPVWHLJLQLDPVDLãNLQWLUHPWDVLprelato prof. Antano 5XEãLRYHUVWXâYHQWXRMX5DãWX (1999). 7LULDQW NDOHQGRULQLǐ ãYHQþLǐ SDSURþLǐ LU YHLNơMǐ SDYDGLQLPXV naudotasi Kazimiero %njJRVNDOERW\URVGDUEDLVMRUDãWDLV$LãNLQDQWLVWHUPLQǐHWLPRORJLMąUHPWDVL0DNVR)DVPHULRUXVǐ NDOERV HWLPRORJLQLR åRG\QR WRPDLV YLHQX NLWX DWYHMX SULUHLNơ 9RMFLHFKR 6PRþLQVNLR OLHWXYLǐ NDOERV HWLPRORJLQLR åRG\QR pasinaudota $OHNVDQGUR 3UHREURåHQVNLR UXVǐ NDOERV 9\WDXWR 0DåLXOLRSUnjVǐNDOERVHWLPRORJLMRVåRG\QDLV9ODGLPLUR'DOLRDLãNLQDPXRMXUXVǐNDOERVåRG\QX.. 7 .DOHQGRULQLǐãYHQþLǐLHWQLQLǐSDSURþLǐOHNVLNDLDSWDUWLQDXGRWLOLHWXYLǐNDOERVWRPDL kuriuose JDXVXHWQRJUDILQLǐGXRPHQǐJono Paulausko redaguotas „FUD]HRORJL]PǐåRG\QDV“ (2001) SDGơMRiliustruoti kai kuriuosOLHWXYLǐWDXWRVHWQLQơVNXOWnjURVUHLãNLQLXV Darbui buvo pasitelktas DSUDãRPDVLV-lyginamasis metodas.3DWHLNLDPDVDSWDULDPǐMǐ WHUPLQǐ WXULQ\V OHNVLQơV UHLNãPơV DWVLUDGLPR LU YDUWRMLPR PRW\YDFLMD VLHNLDPD LãVLDLãNLQWL WHUPLQRNLOPĊVLQRQLPLNąLUWDPWLNUDLVDWYHMDLVGDU\Eą O\JLQDWVXNLWǐNDOEǐWHUPLQDLV $SWDULDQt WHUPLQǐ NLOPĊ QXURGRPDV Mǐ ãDOWLQLV LU SDWHLNLDPL NLWǐ NDOEǐ DWLWLNPHQ\V SDGHGDQW\V LãU\ãNLQWL WHUPLQǐSDQDãXPXVLVNLUWXPXV 'DUER VWUXNWnjUD