Ancient Narrative Volume 5
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The Burial of the Urban Poor in Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire
Death, disposal and the destitute: The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire Emma-Jayne Graham Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield December 2004 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk The following have been excluded from this digital copy at the request of the university: Fig 12 on page 24 Fig 16 on page 61 Fig 24 on page 162 Fig 25 on page 163 Fig 26 on page 164 Fig 28 on page 168 Fig 30on page 170 Fig 31 on page 173 Abstract Recent studies of Roman funerary practices have demonstrated that these activities were a vital component of urban social and religious processes. These investigations have, however, largely privileged the importance of these activities to the upper levels of society. Attempts to examine the responses of the lower classes to death, and its consequent demands for disposal and commemoration, have focused on the activities of freedmen and slaves anxious to establish or maintain their social position. The free poor, living on the edge of subsistence, are often disregarded and believed to have been unceremoniously discarded within anonymous mass graves (puticuli) such as those discovered at Rome by Lanciani in the late nineteenth century. This thesis re-examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the funerary practices of the urban poor in Italy within their appropriate social, legal and religious context. The thesis attempts to demonstrate that the desire for commemoration and the need to provide legitimate burial were strong at all social levels and linked to several factors common to all social strata. -
Solid Shape Drawing on the Commodore 64
Solid Shape Drawing on the Commodore 64 by Richard Rylander omputer graphics is one of the easy-to-use graphics capabilities to fastest growing areas of com the masses. The “ masses,” however, Cputer software and hardware may still find the Macintosh pricey, development. The old saying that especially if they just want to play “ one picture is worth a thousand around a bit with MacPaint. Low- words” couldn’t be truer when you cost computers, such as the Commo consider the effectiveness of a pie dore 64, while lacking the slick chart or bar graph versus columns of graphic interaction of the Mac, are numbers. Even the simplest of home selling for such ridiculously low computers is capable of at least this prices ($150 at the time o f writing basic form of computer graphics. But this article) that they are hard to pass the term computer graphics usually up. They have the potential for some brings to mind more exciting images fairly sophisticated graphics, but so than just mundane business far most of the commercially avail applications. able software has done little more Special visual effects for motion than add the usual “ point plotting” pictures and some television adver and “ line drawing” commands. tisements are now being done with This article describes a software computers to create scenes o f “ en package that will allow you to create hanced reality.” W e see spacecraft your own computer-generated making impossible manuevers or scenes, such as “ Coffee and Donuts” shimmering corporate logos “ flying in Figure 1 (page 55) and “ Goblets” Pumping pixels requires tight, efficient code. -
The Persecution of Christians in the First Century
JETS 61.3 (2018): 525–47 THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE FIRST CENTURY ECKHARD J. SCHNABEL* Abstract: The Book of Acts, Paul’s letters, 1 Peter, Hebrews, and Revelation attest to nu- merous incidents of persecution, which are attested for most provinces of the Roman empire, triggered by a wide variety of causes and connected with a wide variety of charges against the fol- lowers of Jesus. This essay surveys the twenty-seven specific incidents of and general references to persecution of Christians in the NT, with a focus on geographical, chronological, and legal matters. Key words: persecution, mission, hostility, opposition, Jerusalem, Rome, Peter, Paul, Acts, Hebrews, Revelation This essay seeks to survey the evidence in the NT for instances of the perse- cution of Jesus’ earliest followers in their historical and chronological contexts without attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of each incident. The Greek term diōgmos that several NT authors use, usually translated as “persecu- tion,”1 is defined as “a program or process designed to harass and oppress some- one.”2 The term “persecution” is used here to describe the aggressive harassment and deliberate ill-treatment of the followers of Jesus, ranging from verbal abuse, denunciation before local magistrates, initiating court proceedings to beatings, flog- ging, banishment from a city, execution, and lynch killings. I. PERSECUTION IN JUDEA, SYRIA, AND NABATEA (AD 30–38/40) 1. Persecution in Jerusalem, Judea (I). Priests in Jerusalem, the captain of the tem- ple, and Sadducees arrested the apostles Peter and John who spoke to a crowd of * Eckhard J. -
The Alleged Persecution of the Roman Christians by the Emperor Domitian
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 1-1-2005 The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian Ken Laffer Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Laffer, K. (2005). The alleged persecution of the Roman Christians by the emperor Domitian. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/639 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. -
World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [And Student Guide]
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 462 784 EC 308 847 AUTHOR Schaap, Eileen, Ed.; Fresen, Sue, Ed. TITLE World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [and Student Guide]. Parallel Alternative Strategies for Students (PASS). INSTITUTION Leon County Schools, Tallahassee, FL. Exceptibnal Student Education. SPONS AGENCY Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 841p.; Course No. 2109310. Part of the Curriculum Improvement Project funded under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B. AVAILABLE FROM Florida State Dept. of Education, Div. of Public Schools and Community Education, Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services, Turlington Bldg., Room 628, 325 West Gaines St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400. Tel: 850-488-1879; Fax: 850-487-2679; e-mail: cicbisca.mail.doe.state.fl.us; Web site: http://www.leon.k12.fl.us/public/pass. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF05/PC34 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Accommodations (Disabilities); *Academic Standards; Curriculum; *Disabilities; Educational Strategies; Enrichment Activities; European History; Greek Civilization; Inclusive Schools; Instructional Materials; Latin American History; Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides; *Teaching Methods; Textbooks; Units of Study; World Affairs; *World History IDENTIFIERS *Florida ABSTRACT This teacher's guide and student guide unit contains supplemental readings, activities, -
Apostolic History of the Early Church
Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 Apostolic History of the Early Church Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "Apostolic History of the Early Church" (2009). History of Global Missions. 1. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. History and Survey of Missions ICST 355 Dr. Don Fanning There is no more dramatic history than how the Church, against all odds, could exist, much less expand worldwide, over the past 2000 years. This study seeks to honor and discover the significant contributions of the men and women, not unlike ourselves, yet in different circumstances, who made an impact in their generation. It can be said of them like David, who “served his own generation by the will of God…” (Acts 13:36). Apostolic History AD 33- 100 Page | 2 1 Apostolic History of the Early Church A.D. 33-100 Every science and philosophy attempts to learn from the past. Much of the study of the past becomes difficult, primarily because no living witness was there. Often the tendency is to read into the past our present circumstances in order to make them relevant. A classic illustration of this is Leonardo da Vinci’s 1498 painting of the Last Supper, in which the twelve Apostles and Jesus are seated on chairs behind a table served with plates and silverware. -
Vedic Religion Is Unclear
HISTORY UGC NET/SET/JRF (Paper II and III) Amitava Chatterjee Delhi Chennai No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s prior written consent. Copyright © 2014 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN: 9789332520622 e-ISBN: 9789332537040 First Impression Head Office: 7th Floor, Knowledge Boulevard, A-8(A) Sector 62, Noida 201 309, India. Registered Office: 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India. In fond memories of Dada and Mamoni About the Author "NJUBWB$IBUUFSKFF faculty of history at Ramsaday College, Howrah and guest faculty at Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata is a Charles Wallace Fellow (UK, 2012). He has teaching experience of over 12 years. He has completed two UGC sponsored Minor Research Projects titled ‘Sports History in Bengal: A microcosmic study’ and ‘ Evolution of Women’s Sporting Culture in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Bengal.’ He has edited two books 1FPQMFBU-BSHF1PQVMBS$VMUVSFJO.PEFSO #FOHBMand1FPQMFBU1MBZ4QPSU $VMUVSFBOE/BUJPOBMJTNandwritten extensively in reputed national and international journals such as 4PDDFS 4PDJFUZ(Routledge), 4QPSUJO4PDJFUZ Routledge)*OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVS OBMPG)JTUPSZPG4QPSU $BMDVUUB)JTUPSJDBM+PVSOBM+PVSOBMPG)JTUPSZ to name a few. He is also a guest editor of 4QPSUJO4PDJFUZand referee of 4PDDFS4PDJFUZ(Routledge). Some of his books include #IBSBU07JTIXBand *UJIBTFS"MPLF&VSPQFS3VQBOUBSpublished by Pearson Education. His area of interest is sports history and his thrust research area is the evolution of sporting culture in colonial Bengal. -
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.-A.D. 500
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.-A.D. 500 Previewing Main Ideas POWER AND AUTHORITY Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire. Geography About how many miles did the Roman Empire stretch from east to west? EMPIRE BUILDING At its height, the Roman Empire touched three continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse. Geography Why was the Mediterranean Sea important to the Roman Empire? RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god, religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond. Geography What geographic features might have helped or hindered the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire? INTERNET RESOURCES • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: • Interactive Visuals • Research Links • Maps • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice • Primary Sources • Current Events • Chapter Quiz 152 153 What makes a successful leader? You are a member of the senate in ancient Rome. Soon you must decide whether to support or oppose a powerful leader who wants to become ruler. Many consider him a military genius for having gained vast territory and wealth for Rome. Others point out that he disobeyed orders and is both ruthless and devious. You wonder whether his ambition would lead to greater prosperity and order in the empire or to injustice and unrest. ▲ This 19th-century painting by Italian artist Cesare Maccari shows Cicero, one of ancient Rome’s greatest public speakers, addressing fellow members of the Roman Senate. -
The Empire Strikes: the Growth of Roman Infrastructural Minting Power, 60 B.C
The Empire Strikes: The Growth of Roman Infrastructural Minting Power, 60 B.C. – A.D. 68 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics of the College of Arts and Sciences by David Schwei M.A., University of Cincinnati, December 2012 B.A., Emory University, May 2009 Committee Chairs: Peter van Minnen, Ph.D Barbara Burrell, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Coins permeated the Roman Empire, and they offer a unique perspective into the ability of the Roman state to implement its decisions in Italy and the provinces. This dissertation examines how this ability changed and grew over time, between 60 B.C. and A.D. 68, as seen through coin production. Earlier scholars assumed that the mint at Rome always produced coinage for the entire empire, or they have focused on a sudden change under Augustus. Recent advances in catalogs, documentation of coin hoards, and metallurgical analyses allow a fuller picture to be painted. This dissertation integrates the previously overlooked coinages of Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt with the denarius of the Latin West. In order to measure the development of the Roman state’s infrastructural power, this dissertation combines the anthropological ideal types of hegemonic and territorial empires with the numismatic method of detecting coordinated activity at multiple mints. The Roman state exercised its power over various regions to different extents, and it used its power differently over time. During the Republic, the Roman state had low infrastructural minting capacity. -
Nero the Man Behind the Myth About This Guide
Exhibition map and main texts Nero the man behind the myth About this guide This guide gives you an overview of the exhibition’s layout and main texts. An online large print guide containing the entire text is also available. Passion and discord Power and succession Fire From republic The new to empire Apollo Spectacle and splendour War and diplomacy Crisis and death A young ruler exit entrance Your visit will take about one hour. 2 Nero the man behind the myth Nero is one of the most infamous Roman emperors. Does he deserve his reputation for cruelty and excess? 3 Introduction A young ruler Nero was the ffth Roman emperor. He came to power aged sixteen and reigned for almost fourteen years, from AD 54 to 68. Nero had to steer a vast empire through a period of great change. Faced with conficting demands and expectations, he adopted policies that appealed to the people, but alienated many members of the elite. Ultimately, his reign came to a premature and tragic close, but this outcome was not predetermined. Nero’s memory was contested. In the end, the judgements of elite authors like Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio prevailed. In light of new research, now is the time to re-evaluate their stories. 4 From republic to empire From republic to empire Nero was the fnal ruler of Rome’s frst dynasty, the Julio-Claudians, which comprised members of two interrelated families, the Iulii and the Claudii. Some eighty years earlier, Nero’s ancestor Augustus had emerged victorious from decades of civil war. -
KEY EVENTS of the APOSTOLIC ERA AD 33 • 1*14 = Passover (FRI
KEY EVENTS OF THE APOSTOLIC ERA AD 33 • 1*14 = Passover (FRI 3 APR) – Jesus crucified • 1*16 = Firstfruits (SUN 5 APR) – Jesus resurrected • 2*25 (THU 14 MAY) – Jesus ascended • 3*6 = Pentecost (SUN 24 MAY) – A very Jewish Church established at Jerusalem AD 34 • Saul of Tarsus Converted Later AD 30s? • Book of James written AD 36 • Saul met with the apostles Peter & James (Jesus’ brother) at Jerusalem before returning to Tarsus Between AD 37 – AD 41 • Peter immersed non-proselyte Gentiles for the very first time • Jewish believers intentionally evangelized Gentiles at Antioch, Syria • A mostly Gentile Church with a Jewish core was established at Antioch AD 42 • The Church at Jerusalem sent Barnabas to Antioch to work with the Church there AD 43 • Barnabas brought Saul from Tarsus to Antioch to assist with the work there AD 44 • The Church at Antioch sent financial assistance to the Church at Jerusalem via Barnaba & Saul • James (John’s brother) was the first apostle executed, while Peter miraculously escapes Early AD 40s? • The Gospel of Matthew written • The Apostles [excluding James (Jesus’ brother), John & Peter] leave Judea for various parts of the world AD 45 – AD 46 • First Missionary Journey of Barnabas & Saul/Paul AD 47 • The Church at Jerusalem deals with the Judaizers controversy that arose in the Church at Antioch AD 48 – early AD 50s • Second Missionary Journey of Paul & Silas • Paul wrote Galatians and 1st & 2nd Thessalonians during this period AD 54 – AD 58 • Third Missionary Journey of Paul • Paul wrote 1st & 2nd Corinthians and Romans AD 58 – AD 60 • Paul arrested during a riot at Jerusalem • Detained at Caesarea for the next two years • Dr. -
On the Cusp of an Era
On the Cusp of an Era BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd i 16-3-2007 14:55:12 Brill’s Inner Asian Library Editors Nicola di Cosmo Devin Deweese Caroline Humphrey VOLUME 18 BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd ii 16-3-2007 14:55:12 On the Cusp of an Era Art in the Pre-Kuß§Öa World Edited by Doris Meth Srinivasan LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd iii 16-3-2007 14:55:13 On the cover: Lavender Flowers near Maimana. © Luke Powell This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISSN 1566-7162 ISBN 978 90 04 15451 3 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd iv 16-3-2007 14:55:13 CONTENTS Chapter One Pre-Kußà»a Art: A New Concept ................ 1 Doris Meth Srinivasan Chapter Two Pathways Between Gandhàra and North India during Second Century B.C.–Second Century A.D. ........................................................................ 29 Saifur Rahman Dar Chapter Three Passages to India: •aka and Kußà»a Migrations in Historical Contexts .......................................