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Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
Les Savoirs Du Territoire En Imerina (Hautes Terres Centrales De Madagascar)
Le territoire, lien ou frontière ? Paris, 2-4 octobre 1995 Les savoirs du territoire en Imerina (Hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) Chantal BLANC-PAMARD CEA/CNRS Sur les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar, les Merina sont des gens de territoire. Imerina est un toponyme, Merina un parler et un ethnonyme. Selon les traditions historiques merina les plus répandues, le nom de Merina1 ne serait en usage que depuis le règne de Ralambo, à la fin du XVIème siècle. C'est à ce dernier que l'on attribue la définition de l'Imerina : "J'appelle ceci l'Imerina sous le jour (I Merina ambaniandro). Et je l'appelle l'Imerina parce que j'occupe tous les sommets; il n'y a rien qui ne soit à moi dans tout ce qui est sous la lumière du jour"2. Le toponyme ambaniandro caractérise la conception par rapport à l'axe vertical. Ce pays "sous la lumière que seul le soleil domine" est également caractérisé par le regard qu'on lui porte, à la fois ceux qui sont vus sur les hauteurs mais aussi ceux qui dominent les régions plus basses environnantes. Le rôle joué par le regard est très important pour le contrôle du territoire comme en témoignent les nombreux sites fortifiés qui coiffent les sommets des collines (Mille, 1970). Un roi merina disait lors de sa conquête : "A moi toutes ces hauteurs (manerinerina)"3. On notera également l'importance du terme maso qui signifie œil. Le soleil est masoandro l'œil du jour; la source est masondrano œil de l'eau4. -
Los Vampiros De Madagascar
LOS VAMPIROS DE MADAGASCAR El siguiente artículo está situado en torno a 2001, durante el gobierno del presidente Marc Ravalomanana Por Magus y Alexander Weiss LA ISLA DE LA LUNA Madagascar (en malgache: Madagasikara), es un país situado en una gran isla situada en el Océano Índico, frente a la costa oriental de África. Se separó del resto de continentes hace unos 80 millones de años, y durante mucho tiempo sus animales y plantas evolucionaron al margen del resto del mundo, hasta el punto que todavía en la actualidad más del 90 % de su flora y fauna son endémicas de Madagascar, no existiendo en ningún otro lugar del planeta. De la misma forma, la isla de Madagascar fue uno de los últimos lugares del mundo alcanzados por la expansión de la humanidad. Quizás fue ocasionalmente visitada hace miles de años, pero los primeros restos de comunidades humanas no aparecen hasta el siglo IV a.C. y sus primeros habitantes se confunden con el mito y la leyenda. No llegaron de la cercana costa de África, sino que afrontaron una larga travesía a través del océano, procedentes de la lejana Indonesia. La llegada posterior de emigrantes africanos también dio lugar a una mezcla heterogénea que constituye los cimientos de la civilización malgache. Posteriormente llegarían comerciantes, esclavistas y piratas árabes y europeos, que se asentarían en precarios asentamientos en la costa de Madagascar. En parte debido a la presión de los extranjeros y también a las luchas de poder, hacia finales del siglo XVIII en Madagascar había surgido un poderoso reino que abarcaba la mayor parte del territorio, pero que a pesar de ello no consiguió hacer frente al avance y conquista del imperio francés. -
Ambohimanga (Madagascar) Millennium BC)
the construction of rova or fortified royal enclosures (analogous to hillforts in western Europe during the 1st Ambohimanga (Madagascar) millennium BC). On the summits, woodland was kept for practical and spiritual reasons but the forest on No 950 lower ground was cleared to provide the economic base for such places to exist. Agricultural terraces were also constructed on the lower hill-slopes. In effect, the cultural landscape was in place by the 16th century. The only major change since then has been the removal of upland forest on the neighbouring heights to Ambohimanga during the French colonial period. Ambohimanga itself originated in at least the 15th Identification century and by the 18th century, particularly under Nomination The Royal Hill of Ambohimanga Andriantsimitoviaminandriana (1740–45), had developed into a capital with defences and seven gates. Location Municipality of Ambohimanga Outer defences and seven more gates were added, Rova, Province of Antananarivo probably before 1794 when the royal palace was moved Avaradrano to Antananarivo, leaving Ambohimanga as the royal burial place and religious capital. The existing defensive State Party Republic of Madagascar wall was built by Queen Ranavalona I (1828–61), with new gateways to north and south-west (c 1830). The Date 7 July 2000 palace Fandriampahalemana and the glass pavilion Tranofitaratra were added in 1871. In March 1897 the mortal remains of royalty were transferred to Antananarivo by the French colonial authorities in a failed attempt to erase the holiness of the site and the nationalistic legitimacy attached to it. The royal tombs were demolished and military buildings Justification by State Party erected in their stead for the garrison on the site. -
Pour Une Géographie Du Hasina (Imerina, Madagascar) JEAN-PIERRE RAISON
Pour une géographie du hasina (Imerina, Madagascar) JEAN-PIERRE RAISON ONDEMENT DE LA PENSÉEMALGACHE », Le hasina : une énergie canalisée selon Délivré (1974 : 143), le hasina est F Le concept pourrait n'avoir de sens géogra- un concept sinon méconnu du moins souvent phique que médié par les activités humaines détourné dans un sens occidental : on use plus qu'il contribue à orienter; mais le hasina est couramment de son dérivé masina, qui traduit ancré dans des lieux ; il peut être assimilé à une le vocable chrétien de « saint ». Le hasina, selon énergie, métaphoriquement un courant élec- Webber (1853), est la «vertu intrinsèque ou trique, qui circule entre lieux et hommes surnaturelle qui rend une chose bonne et efficace comme entre les hommes eux-mêmes, et on dans son genre », un pouvoir d'efficacité, une peut, à la limite, en traiter sur le mode d'une énergie qui s'applique aux relations entre les géographie des flux, avec ses pôles hiérarchi- hommes comme entre ceux-ci et la nature. Sans sés, ses axes de circulation et ses points de distri- hasina point d'acte fécond, point d'agriculture bution. Il y a plus, s'agissant de I'Imerina, ni de pouvoir, en somme point de société. Ceci société géographique où le rattachement à un suffirait à attirer l'attention du géographe : tombeau familial est la preuve du statut social, comprendre le hasina permet d'analyser mieux où l'on est d'un groupe Voko) situé dans une tant l'utilisation que l'organisation de l'es- hiérarchie parce qu'on est d'un lieu et d'un lieu pace (11. -
Land Rights Among Subsistence Farmers: an Examination of Madagascar’S Land Reform and Prevailing Systems of Land Tenure in Betafo Taylor Crowl SIT Study Abroad
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2014 Land Rights Among Subsistence Farmers: An Examination of Madagascar’s Land Reform and Prevailing Systems of Land Tenure in Betafo Taylor Crowl SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Growth and Development Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Rural Sociology Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Crowl, Taylor, "Land Rights Among Subsistence Farmers: An Examination of Madagascar’s Land Reform and Prevailing Systems of Land Tenure in Betafo" (2014). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1896. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1896 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ! Land Rights Among Subsistence Farmers: An Examination of Madagascar’s Land Reform and Prevailing Systems of Land Tenure in Betafo ! ! ! ! Taylor Crowl Academic Advisor: Reine Razafimahefa Academic Director: Roland Pritchett Fall 2014 ! Abstract In Madagascar, legal systems of land tenure have been inaccessible for the vast majority of the rural population. This has stranded millions of subsistence farmers in a sense of insecurity, as they lack legal rights for the property that they have farmed for generations. Madagascar’s land reform, launched in 2005, attempted to change these exclusionary tenure practices. -
Magyar Afrika Társaság African-Hungarian Union
MAGYAR AFRIKA TÁRSASÁG AFRICAN-HUNGARIAN UNION AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR AHU HUNGARIAN AFRICA-KNOWLEDGE DATABASE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LUGOSI, Győző Rizsföldjeim határa a tenger / The Limit of My Rice Fields is the Sea Eredeti közlés /Original publication: 2007, Budapest, L’Harmattan Kiadó, 199 old. Elektronikus újraközlés/Electronic republication: AHU MAGYAR AFRIKA-TUDÁS TÁR – 000.002.515 Dátum/Date: 2017. november / november 21. filename: LUGOSIgyozo_2007_Madagaszkar Az elektronikus újraközlést előkészítette /The electronic republication prepared by: B. WALLNER, Erika és/and BIERNACZKY, Szilárd Hivatkozás erre a dokumentumra/Cite this document LUGOSI, Győző: Rizsföldjeim határa a tenger / The Limit of My Rice Fields is the Sea, AHU MATT, 1–203. old., No. 000.002.515, http://afrikatudastar.hu Eredeti forrás megtalálható/The original source is available: Közkönyvtárakban / In public libraries Kulcsszavak/Key words magyar Afrika-kutatás, a 16–19. századi Madagaszkár népeinek régi története, a hagyományos malgas állam működésének feltárása, a törzsi társadalomban kialakult földtulajdonviszonyok elemzése African studies in Hungary, the ancient history of the peoples of Madagascar in the 16–19th. century, exploration of the operation of the traditional Malagasy state, analysis of the land ownership relations formed in the tribal society -------------------------------------- 2 Lugosi Győ z ő AZ ELSŐ MAGYAR, SZABAD FELHASZNÁLÁSÚ, ELEKTRONIKUS, ÁGAZATI SZAKMAI KÖNYV-, TANULMÁNY-, -
Old Mail and Postal Service of the Norwegian Missions in Madagascar
OLD MAIL AND POSTAL SERVICE OF THE NORWEGIAN MISSIONS IN MADAGASCAR 1867 - 1897 Luc MONTERET – November 2020 Foreword The authors who have studied the question have asked how 150 years ago, missionaries from a country that was then so far from the father land, the missionaries were able to among the poorest in Europe, came to share their faith and to communicate with the outside world and between their carry out an educational, health and social work in remote multiple stations scattered over a vast territory; how they places in a country at the other end of the world, whose came to create, in a sovereign country, a private post with leaders were caught between the hammer of French issue of figurines whose value was expressed in English ambitions and the anvil of English interests. currency. They themselves had to find their place between the other From a philatelic point of view, classic questions arose: what "Protestants" of the "English party" (Quakers or of the London were the series of stamps and their description; when were Missionary Society), and the Catholics, particularly the Jesuits, they printed, in what quantities and by what processes; by assimilated to the "French party". whom and for how long have they been used; how were they canceled; what is left of it today? The Norwegian pastors set up a mail transport service, the structure and density of which deserves the name of Post, These questions have been practically resolved thanks in even if it only concerned the interior of the land and the paid particular to Karl U. -
Antananarivo Annual
THE ANTANANARIVO ANNUAL AND MADAGASCAR lVIAGAZINE. A RECORD OF /NFOFIMATION ON THE TOPOGi,APHY AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS OF MADAGASCAR, AND THE CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS, LANGU.4GE, AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS OF ITS PEOPLE. EDITED BY THE REV. J. SIBREE, F.R.G.S., AND REV. R, BARON, F.G.S., F.L.S., Missiena,.ies of the L.l'vl.S. ,fl.o. XXIV.-C!rbri£,tmas, J900. (PART IV. OF VOL. VI.) ANTANANARIVO: PRINTED AT THE L.M.S. PRESS. J)\nfo:nanariuo : PRINTED AT THE PRESS OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY BY MALAG.ASY PRINTERS. \ iii. CONTENTS. PAGE .1.-SOME BETSILEO IDEAS. BY REV. ]. H. HAILE...... (1)385• 2.-0BSERVATIONS ON THE SAKALAVA. Translated from a paper by LIEUTENANT-COLONEL BREVETE PRUD'HOMME, DE L'INFANTERIE DE MARINE .....•....••. 3 -OHABOLANA, OR WIT AND WISDOM OF THE HOVA OF MADAGASCAR. PART VI. BY REV.]. A. HOULDER. -U7 4.-THE EARLY HISTORY OF IMERINA BASED UPON A NATIVE ACCOUNT. BY MR. L. LORD...... 45J 5.-BETSILEO BURIAL CUSTOMS. Translated from a Native MS. by MRS. Moss..... • • • • • • . .. 475 "6.-THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY AMONG THE HOVA. Translated by REV. W. E. Cousrnsfrom a Native Account. 477 7.-BETSILEO, PAST AND PRESENT, A TWENTY YE ..\R'S REVIEW. BY REV. H. T. JOHNSON ..... 8.-A BRIEF NATIVE ACCOUNT OF RADAMA II. Translated from a Native MSS. by DR. C. F. A. Moss. 9.-THE FANDROANA, OR NEW YEAR'S FESTIVAL OF THE MALAGASY. BY REV. ] . SIBREE. ED. 10.-THE MADAGASCAR EXHIBITS AT THE •EXPOSITIO:--.i UNIVERSELLE' OF PARIS IN 1900. Translated by Rr,;v ]. SIBREE, ED........ -
Un Patrimoine Mondial De L'humanite (Cas D
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE DEPARTEMENT : FORMATION INITIALE LITTERAIRE C.E.R. Histoire-Géographie MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES POUR L’OBTENTION DU CERTIFICAT D’APTITUDE PEDAGOGIQUE DE L’ECOLE NORMALE (CAPEN) UN PATRIMOINE MONDIAL DE L’HUMANITE (CAS D’AMBOHIMANGA ROVA) Présenté par : RAMANITRAHARIZAKA Hobimanana Tsiriniainanjanahary Mémoire dirigé par : Mme RAHONINTSOA Elyane Maître de Conférences Année 2015 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE DEPARTEMENT : FORMATION INITIALE LITTERAIRE C.E.R. Histoire-Géographie MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES POUR L’OBTENTION DU CERTIFICAT D’APTITUDE PEDAGOGIQUE DE L’ECOLE NORMALE (CAPEN) UN PATRIMOINE MONDIAL DE L’HUMANITE (CAS D’AMBOHIMANGA ROVA) RAMANITRAHARIZAKA Hobimanana Tsiriniainanjanahary Président : M. RAZAKAVOLOLONA Ando, Maître de Conférences Juge : M. RAZANAKOLONA Daniel, Assistant d’enseignement Rapporteur : Mme RAHONINTSOA Elyane, Maître de Conférences Date de soutenance : 16 Avril 2015 Année 2015 REMERCIEMENTS Remercions Dieu de ces cinq années de formation au sein du centre d’étude et de recherche en histoire géographie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure. Après avoir passé les examens théoriques et le stage pratique, notre cursus de formation s’achève par la rédaction d’un mémoire de fin d’étude. A la sortie de l’ENS, nous obtiendrons le diplôme CAPEN pour devenir professeur certifié. Au moment où nous achevons la rédaction de ce mémoire, nous reconnaissons que plusieurs personnes, de près ou de loin, nous ont soutenu d'une manière ou d'une autre tout au long de notre cursus à l’Ecole Normale Supérieure et nous tenons à leur manifester notre profonde gratitude. D’abord, à Monsieur RAZAKAVOLOLONA Ando, maître de conférences au centre d’étude et de recherche en histoire géographie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieur, qui malgré vos multiples occupations, vous nous faites l’honneur de présider ce mémoire, Veuillez trouver ici l’expression de notre profonde reconnaissance. -
The Culture History of Madagascar
Journal of World Prehistory, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 The Culture History of Madagascar Robert E. Dewar 1'3 and Henry T. Wright 2 Madagascar's culture is a unique fusion of elements drawn from the western, northern, and eastern shores of the Indian Ocean, and its past has fascinated man)' scholars, yet systematic archaeological research is relatively recent on the island. The oldest traces of visitors are from the first century AD. Coastal settlements, with clear evidence of ties to the western Indian Ocean trading network, were established in several places over the next millennium. Important environmental changes of both plant and animal communities are documented over this period, including the extinctions of almost all large animal species. Urban life in Madagascar began with the establishment of the entrepOt of Mahi- laka on the northwest coast of the island in the twelfth century. At about the same time, communities with ties to the trade network were established around the island's coasts. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, social hier- archies developed in several regions of the island. During the succeeding two centuries, Madagascar saw the development of state polities. KEY WORDS: Madagascar; prehistory; East Africa; Indian Ocean. INTRODUCTION Madagascar has long fascinated archaeologists. However, surprisingly little archaeological research has been undertaken until recently. Its culture history offers an important comparative case for many important issues--the role and process of migrations in prehistory, the origins of states, over exploitation and "overkill" by foragers, and human agricultural impact on environments, among ~Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269. -
Study Guide SCHOOL-TIME PERFORMANCE
GRADES K—12 Education Study Guide SCHOOL-TIME PERFORMANCE Dance Groupe Bakomanga Study guide written by Fredara Mareva Hadley, Ph.D. May 21 & 22, 2014 BAMAfrica Howard Gilman Opera House Brooklyn Academy of Music / Peter Jay Sharp Building / 30 Lafayette Avenue / Brooklyn, New York 11217 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3: Madagascar: An Introduction Page 4: Madagascar: An Introduction (continued) Page 5: The Language of Madagascar Enrichment Activity Page 6: Merina Culture Page 7: Religious Performance with Ancestors Page 8: Dance in Madagascar Page 9: Dance in Madagascar (continued) Enrichment Activity Page 10: Malagasy Instruments Page 11: Bakomanga Dance Guide Enrichment Activity Page 12: Glossary Instrument Guide DEAR EDUCATOR Welcome to the study guide for BAM’s DanceAfrica 2014. This year’s events feature Groupe Bakomanga, an acclaimed troupe from Madagascar performing traditional Malagasy music and dance. YOUR VISIT TO BAM The BAM program includes this study guide, a pre-performance workshop, and the performance at BAM’s Howard Gilman Opera House. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE This guide is designed to connect to the Common Core State Standards with relevant information and activities; to reinforce and encourage critical thinking and analytical skills; and to provide the tools and background information necessary for an engaging and inspiring experience at BAM. Please use these materials and enrich- ment activities to engage students before or after the show. 2 · DANCEAFRICA MADAGASCAR: AN LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Republic of Madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean off the Madagascar is a land of contradictions. It is a place that conjures southeastern coast of Africa.