DOCSLIB.ORG

Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (Ca

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (Ca Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 ad. Peoples, Economics and Cultures Editors Jón Viðar Sigurðsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside) Steve Murdoch (St. Andrews) Cordelia Heß (Gothenburg) Anne Pedersen (National Museum of Denmark) VOLUME 77 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nw Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) A Case of Legal Pluralism in Early Modern Europe By Heikki Pihlajamäki LEIDEN | BOSTON Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> This title is published in Open Access with the support of the University of Helsinki Library. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: Livoniae Nova Descriptio, cartographers: Johannes Portantius and Abraham Ortelius (Antwerp 1574). Collection: National Library of Estonia, digital archive digar (http://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/ nlib-digar:977, accessed 18 August 2016). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pihlajamäki, Heikki, 1961- author. Title: Conquest and the law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630-1710) : a case of legal pluralism in early modern Europe / By Heikki Pihlajamäki. Description: Leiden : Boston, 2017. | Series: The northern world ; 77 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016046362 (print) | LCCN 2016046740 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004331525 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004331532 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: Law--Livonia--History. | Law--Latvia--History. | Law--Sweden--Hisory. | Law--Estonia--History. | Legal polycentricity--Europe, Northern--History. Classification: LCC KJC530 .P55 2017 (print) | LCC KJC530 (ebook) | DDC 349.479809/032--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016046362 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1569-1462 isbn 978-90-04-33152-5 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-33153-2 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by the Authors. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> Contents Acknowledgements vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Research Questions 1 1.2 Archival Material 10 1.3 Previous Research 13 1.4 The Structure of the Book 18 2 The Outset: The Livonian and Swedish Legal Orders at the Time of the Swedish Conquest 21 2.1 Livonian Administration, Judiciary, and the Legal Procedure before the Swedish Conquest 21 2.2 Livonian Law and the Legal Sources: The European Context 41 2.3 Swedish Law before the Conquest of Livonia 64 2.4 Summary 82 3 The Reorganisation of the Livonian Judiciary under the Swedish Rule 85 3.1 The Alternatives: Colonial Systems and Their Judicial Organisations 85 3.2 Sweden’s Other Overseas Possessions: Organizing the Judiciary in Estonia and the Reich 94 3.3 Reforming the Livonian Judicial Structure 100 3.4 The Personnel in Charge: Judges, Lawyers, and Administrators 135 3.5 Summary 149 4 The Procedure in the Livonian Courts of the Swedish Era 151 4.1 The Classification of Cases into Civil and Criminal 151 4.2 The Civil Procedure in the Lower Courts 153 4.3 The Criminal Procedure in the Lower Courts 172 4.4 The Cases and the Procedure at the High Court of Dorpat 216 4.5 The Revision Procedure 228 4.6 Summary: Legal Procedure in Seventeenth-Century Livonia 235 5 Transplanting Swedish Law? The Legal Sources at the Livonian Courts 238 5.1 The Theory of Legal Spheres 238 5.2 The Ius Commune in the Livonian Court Records 239 Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> vi Contents 5.3 The Influence of Swedish Law in Livonia 244 5.4 The Livonian Legal Sources 246 5.5 Divine Law and Natural Law 248 5.6 The Theory and the Practice of Legal Sources: Europe and Livonia 249 6 Conclusions 256 6.1 The Starting Point: Livonian and Swedish Law before the Conquest 256 6.2 The Organization of the Judiciary in Swedish Livonia 258 6.3 The Judicial Procedure 259 6.4 Legal Sources in the Courts of Swedish Livonia 262 Sources and Bibliography 265 Archival Sources 265 Printed Sources 265 Literature 266 Index 291 Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> Acknowledgements This book has been long coming. The initial work was a project to examine the archives of the Livonian High Court (Sw. hovrätt), one of the oldest high courts established in the Swedish realm in the seventeenth century. It soon became evident, however, that the functions of the High Court could not be understood without setting them in a larger context – that of the entire new judiciary which was emerging after Sweden had conquered Livonia. As is so often the case in scholarship, the end product looks rather different to that which had been envisaged at the outset. At this point, it is my pleasure to thank people who have helped along the way. I do not think I would ever have embarked on the first archival trips to the Latvian Historical State Archives in Riga had it not been for Pia Letto-Vanamo. We delved into the High Court’s archive together, and the results of those first trips were also published in a co-authored article. I benefited a great deal from Pia’s expertise in seventeenth-century legal history and sources, which were not my strong point at the time. Because of her patience and assistance in the early stages, the many trips I made to the beautiful city of Riga afterwards were much easier. Tartu, which I like to think of as the spiritual capital of Estonia, has been just as fundamental for this study as Riga. Mart Kuldkepp spent innumerable hours at the Estonian State Archives, collecting material from the Livonian lower court archives for this study. Mart was always reliable, knowledgeable – and extremely efficient. The personnel in both the Latvian and the Estonian archives deserve special thanks for their flexibility and understanding. Marju Luts, my old Tartu connection and good friend, helped me enormously in un- derstanding the Estonian and Baltic past and present a little better. During the past few years, I have been involved in many other projects and scholarly undertakings as well. If this work has one common denomina- tor, it is the comparative method in legal history. Comparative legal history has emerged forcefully in recent years, and many of my good friends and col- leagues in different countries deserve thanks for drawing me into these cir- cles. I would be a different scholar had I never come to know people such as Albrecht Cordes, Serge Dauchy, Dave De ruysscher, Seán Donlan, Markus Dub- ber, Thomas Duve, Dirk Heirbaut, Jaakko Husa, Georges Martyn, Aniceto Mas- ferrer, Dag Michalsen, Kjell Åke Modéer, Anthony Musson, Peter Oestmann, Mathias Schmoeckel, Ditlev Tamm, Alain Wijffels, and James Whitman. Many of them have been instrumental in founding the European Society for Com- parative Legal History and its journal Comparative Legal History, which have grown to be vital frameworks for me. Heikki Pihlajamäki - 9789004331532 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:03:38PM via free access <UN> viii Acknowledgements The vibrant community of legal historians at the Faculty of Law at the Uni- versity of Helsinki has been an important home base for me. Jukka Kekkonen, Jussi Sallila, Juhana Salojärvi, Toni Malminen, and all my doctoral students – you know what I mean. During my five-year period as academy research fellow at the Academy of Finland, I enjoyed their generous funding, which made research trips and re- search help possible, not to mention the benefit of being entirely free from teaching. The last phases in making a book are always the most arduous and nerve- consuming. As my research assistant, Sofia Söderholm has helped me with ev- erything that needed to be done: a true administrative talent, Sofia has looked for literature, proofread different versions, helped with the index, and kept my files in order. With enormous accuracy and speed, Sara Elin Roberts copy- edited the manuscript and corrected my English. I am much indebted to Sara not only for her technical and linguistic corrections, but for her comments on the substance as well.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Between National and Academic Agendas Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940
    BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Other titles in the same series Södertörn Studies in History Git Claesson Pipping & Tom Olsson, Dyrkan och spektakel: Selma Lagerlöfs framträdanden i offentligheten i Sverige 1909 och Finland 1912, 2010. Heiko Droste (ed.), Connecting the Baltic Area: The Swedish Postal System in the Seventeenth Century, 2011. Susanna Sjödin Lindenskoug, Manlighetens bortre gräns: tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685–1709, 2011. Anna Rosengren, Åldrandet och språket: En språkhistorisk analys av hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige cirka 1875–1975, 2011. Steffen Werther, SS-Vision und Grenzland-Realität: Vom Umgang dänischer und „volksdeutscher” Nationalsozialisten in Sønderjylland mit der „großgermanischen“ Ideologie der SS, 2012. Södertörn Academic Studies Leif Dahlberg och Hans Ruin (red.), Fenomenologi, teknik och medialitet, 2012. Samuel Edquist, I Ruriks fotspår: Om forntida svenska österledsfärder i modern historieskrivning, 2012. Jonna Bornemark (ed.), Phenomenology of Eros, 2012. Jonna Bornemark och Hans Ruin (eds), Ambiguity of the Sacred, 2012. Håkan Nilsson (ed.), Placing Art in the Public Realm, 2012. Lars Kleberg and Aleksei Semenenko (eds), Aksenov and the Environs/Aksenov i okrestnosti, 2012. BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications Cover Image, taken from Latvijas Universitāte Illūstrācijās, p. 10. Gulbis, Riga, 1929. Cover: Jonathan Robson Layout: Jonathan Robson and Per Lindblom Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2012 Södertörn Studies in History 13 ISSN 1653-2147 Södertörn Academic Studies 51 ISSN 1650-6162 ISBN 978-91-86069-52-0 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transplanting Swedish Law? the Legal Sources at the Livonian Courts 238 5.1 the Theory of Legal Spheres 238 5.2 the Ius Commune in the Livonian Court Records 239
    Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) <UN> The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 ad. Peoples, Economics and Cultures Editors Jón Viðar Sigurðsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside) Steve Murdoch (St. Andrews) Cordelia Heß (Gothenburg) Anne Pedersen (National Museum of Denmark) VOLUME 77 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nw <UN> Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) A Case of Legal Pluralism in Early Modern Europe By Heikki Pihlajamäki LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN>  This title is published in Open Access with the support of the University of Helsinki Library. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: Livoniae Nova Descriptio, cartographers: Johannes Portantius and Abraham Ortelius (Antwerp 1574). Collection: National Library of Estonia, digital archive digar (http://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/ nlib-digar:977, accessed 18 August 2016). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pihlajamaki, Heikki, 1961- author.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnival Journal of the International Students of History Association Vol
    CARNIVAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS OF HISTORY ASSOCIATION VOL. 2 DECEMBER 2000 (ISHA-NEWS ISSUES 35) EDITORIAL .......................................... Eugen Stancu p. 3 NEWS .......................................... Me, myself and ISHA p. 4 Konstantin zu Dohna Update on the Constitution Group p.5 Annemie van Bennekom ISHA officials 2000-2001 p. 5 Upcoming events p. 6 ISHA - An academic evaluation p.6 Adrian Robu Driving To Finland p.7 Eugen Stancu ACTIVITY .......................................... Isha Seminar - Bucharest and Joseph Haydn p. 8 Christoph Bathelt Between Dracula and the Electric man p. 11 Mirko Saruga History textbooks exhibition in Bucharest p. 13 Bogdan Popa DISCUSSION .......................................... The Kindergarden of our hopes p. 15 Iuliana Conovici Gotta catch ‘em all !!! The influence of television commercials on childrens p. 18 Julien Gentenaar The Baltic states, “Lands between?”p. 22 Christoph Bathelt ARTICLES .......................................... History-Ganda p. 27 Natalia Toma Claiming the Irish Church p. 29 Jasmijn Bovendeert Loved more than mum and dad p. 32 Marijan Lipovac Recruitment information p. 35 Guidelines for Carnival contributors: Read this before delivering your material! p. 36 CARNIVAL Vol. 2 December 2000, Issue 35 EDITORIAL As the former editor in charge Sakari Saaritsa wrote in his final editorial, all good things come to an end. I have pondered over his words with worrines over the last few months while editing Carnival. In spite of the enthusiastic state of the beginning, I was worried, if such a transfer from Helsinki to Bucharest could be easily done. I took a chance. Let me explain. Having taken on the task of editing Carnival at the annual conference in Zagreb, I realized that it depended a lot on the support of the editorial team in Bucharest and on the contributions of ISHA people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic Experience in Post-Cold War European Integration
    The American University Honors Program The Baltic Experience in Post-Cold War European Integration By Adrienne Vollmer Advisor: Professor Svetlana Savranskaya University Honors in International Studies, SIS Spring 2011 Vollmer 2 Introduction When the Berlin Wall came tumbling down in 1989, followed shortly afterwards by the fall of Communist governments across Eastern Europe and culminating in the collapse of the Soviet Union itself, Europeans on both sides of the Iron Curtain began looking for ways to heal the divisions that had developed over more than four decades of forced separation . Ultimately, the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) became two of the primary mechanisms for the reintegration of the newly democratic Eastern states . Between 1999 and 2007, nine states formerly part of the Eastern bloc – the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia – joined first NATO and then the EU . The accession story for each of these countries is of course unique . The stories vary according to the countries’ differing stages of development before the end of the Cold War, the different visions and abilities of their leaders, the different amounts of support they received from Western nations, and many other factors . Accession to NATO and the European Union is also composed of two separate processes, each presenting its own challenges and its own rewards for membership . While some basic requirements are uniform across the board for would-be members of each organization, accession treaties are negotiated individually for each country, thus allowing for considerable variation in the process . Even the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the two halves of the former Czechoslovakia, had such differences that the Czech Republic was admitted to NATO in 1999, while Slovakia did not enter until the next round of enlargement in 2004 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Politics and Nationalism on the Development of Written Latgalian in the Long Nineteenth Century (1772-1918)1
    cAtheRiNe GibSON GRuOMOtA: the iNFLueNce OF pOLiticS ANd NAtiONALiSM ON the deVeLOpMeNt OF WRitteN LAtGALiAN iN the LONG NiNeteeNth ceNtuRY (1772-1918)1 1At first glance, the map of Europe in the twenty- first century is made up of nation-states and federa- tions, homogenous blocks of colour and fixed borders. Yet these do not reveal the whole story. Europe is also a continent of regions, both transnational (e.g. Galicia, Silesia, Polesia or Carpathian Ruthenia) and subna- tional (e.g. Samogitia, kashubia or Bavaria) reflecting the poly-ethnolinguistic and multiconfessional reality of the peoples who inhabit these lands. unlike Europe’s fixed political borders, regional identities often cannot be clearly demarcated. they resemble what Benedict Anderson terms ‘imagined communities’, a sense of personal and collective belonging based on a relation- ship between identity and place, religion, language, ethnicity and nationality.2 Latgale, the region of south- east Latvia, is one such area in which a distinct regional identity distinguishes it from the other parts of Latvia (kurzeme, Vidzeme, and zemgale).3 Latgale is ethnolinguistically distinct from the west- ern regions of present-day Latvia and, is in many ways, ............................... the least ‘Latvian’. Firstly, it is a borderland and the catherine GibSON, M.A., is a graduate meeting place of the frontiers of present-day Belarus, of the university of St Andrews; she is currently completing Lithuania, and Russia.4 the region is home to a popu- a Masters at university College London, lation which is both linguistically (speakers of Latvian, School of Slavonic Russian, Latgalian, Polish, Belarusian, and Lithuanian) and East European Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • BRIDGES in the BALTICS 11Th – 12Th OCTOBER 2019 UNIVERSITY of LATVIA
    7th BALTIC STUDENT CONFERENCE BRIDGES IN THE BALTICS 11th – 12th OCTOBER 2019 UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA 7th BALTIC STUDENT CONFERENCE 11th – 12th OCTOBER 2019 UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA 1 "Bridges in the Baltics" is an annual student conference organized by University of Tartu together with other universities in the Baltic Sea region. The aim of the conference is to bring together students whose studies and research focus on the languages or culture of the three Baltic States, to give them the possibility to meet their peers from other countries and universities, to present their academic work and interests, learn from each other and make new contacts. The conference welcomes everyone who is currently pursuing a Bachelor’s, Master’s or PhD degree at any university in the Baltic States or elsewhere. The first conference was held 2013 at the University of Tartu (Estonia), the second in 2014 at the University of Latvia (Riga, Latvia), the third conference in 2015 at the Vilnius University (Lithuania), the fourth conference in 2016 at the Warsaw University (Poland) and the fifth conference in 2017 at the Stockholm University (Sweden), the sixth conference in 2018 at the University of Tartu (Estonia). The 7th conference will be held at the University of Latvia on October 11-12, 2019. Contacts and social media: University of Latvia 19 Raina boulevard, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia e-mail: [email protected] homepage: sisu.ut.ee/balticbridge/riga-2019 social media: www.facebook.com/balticbridge 2 This booklet contains: Some practical information The programme Introductions of our plenary speakers and their presentations The timetable for parallel sessions The abstracts of parallel sessions in alphabetical order Some private space for your thoughts, notes or inspiring doodles The supporters of the conference Important! The name tag pin you receive upon registration also serves as your ticket to the reception on October 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanel Kerikmäe · Kristi Joamets Jānis Pleps · Anita Rodiņa Tomas Berkmanas · Edita Gruodytė Editors the Law of the Baltic States the Law of the Baltic States
    Tanel Kerikmäe · Kristi Joamets Jānis Pleps · Anita Rodiņa Tomas Berkmanas · Edita Gruodytė Editors The Law of the Baltic States The Law of the Baltic States [email protected] Tanel Kerikma¨e • Kristi Joamets Ja¯nis Pleps • Anita Rodin¸a Tomas Berkmanas • Edita Gruodyte˙ Editors The Law of the Baltic States [email protected] Editors Tanel Kerikma¨e Kristi Joamets Tallinn Law School Tallinn Law School Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia Tallinn, Estonia Ja¯nis Pleps Anita Rodin¸a Faculty of Law Faculty of Law University of Latvia University of Latvia Riga, Latvia Riga, Latvia Tomas Berkmanas Edita Gruodyte˙ Law Faculty Law Faculty Vytautas Magnus University Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunas, Lithuania ISBN 978-3-319-54477-9 ISBN 978-3-319-54478-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017934084 # Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Latgalia in Mnemohistory
    UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON School of Slavonic and East European Studies UNIVERSITY OF TARTU Faculty of Social Sciences and Education Institute of Government and Politics Centre for Baltic Studies Catherine Gibson BORDERLANDS BETWEEN HISTORY AND MEMORY: LATGALIA IN MNEMOHISTORY IMESS Master’s Thesis UCL Student Number: 13047269 Supervisor: Dr. Eva-Clarita Pettai Tartu 2015 This thesis conforms to the requirements for a Master’s thesis ...................................................................(signature of the supervisor and date) Submitted for defence ............................. (date) I have written this Master’s thesis independently. Any ideas or data taken from other authors or other sources have been fully referenced. I agree to publish my thesis on the DSpace at University of Tartu (digital archive) and on the webpage of the Centre for Baltic Studies, UT. ............................................................. (signature of the author and date) 2 Abstract This study investigates the relationship between how the past appears in collective memory, or ‘mnemohistory’ (J. Assmann 1997), and how history is recorded by historians as part of the historiographical accumulation of knowledge about the past. It argues that this distinction is important for our understanding of geographical borderlands, especially those which have been subject to numerous geopolitical border changes and where there is a divergence between what is remembered of the past in collective memory and what is recorded of the past in History. This study proposes a novel synthesis of concepts by applying Aleida Assmann’s (2011) distinction between functional memory and storage memory to borderlands in order to investigate the palimpsests-like layering of memory that occur there. Based on Aleida Assmann’s (2008a) concepts of ‘canon’ and ‘archive’, an interdisciplinary mixed methods approach to studying functional and storage memory in borderlands is developed using a combination of critical discourse analysis (CDA) of museums, qualitative survey analysis and an expert interview.
    [Show full text]
  • Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (Ca
    Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) Heikki Pihlajamäki - 978-90-04-33153-2 Downloaded from Brill.com02/24/2020 11:16:42AM via University of Helsinki <UN> The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 ad. Peoples, Economics and Cultures Editors Jón Viðar Sigurðsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Piotr Gorecki (University of California at Riverside) Steve Murdoch (St. Andrews) Cordelia Heß (Gothenburg) Anne Pedersen (National Museum of Denmark) VOLUME 77 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nw Heikki Pihlajamäki - 978-90-04-33153-2 Downloaded from Brill.com02/24/2020 11:16:42AM via University of Helsinki <UN> Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630–1710) A Case of Legal Pluralism in Early Modern Europe By Heikki Pihlajamäki LEIDEN | BOSTON Heikki Pihlajamäki - 978-90-04-33153-2 Downloaded from Brill.com02/24/2020 11:16:42AM via University of Helsinki <UN>  This title is published in Open Access with the support of the University of Helsinki Library. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Procedure in Seventeenth- Century Swedish Livonia
    Bergen Journal of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice • Volume 1, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 80-97 Claiming Authority: Criminal Procedure in Seventeenth- Century Swedish Livonia Heikki PIhlaJAmäki* 1 Introduction: The political and legal beginnings What happened to criminal procedure in Livonia during the Swedish period? And to what extent is the development specifically linked to Sweden, or to a European devel- opement more generally? Livonia became part of Sweden through the Truce of Altmark in 1629, after having belonged to Poland for almost 70 years (1561–1629). The Livonian Confederation, dissolved in 1561 as a result of the Polish-Swedish war, had been a loose entity consisting of five relatively independent units (the lands of the Livonian Order, the Archbishopric of Riga, and the Bishoprics of Courland, Dorpat, and Ösel-Wiek), which were also internally anything but effectively centralised. The lack of centralisa- tion had brought independence to the local land-owning nobility, and the tradition had very much survived the Polish period. The tradition of the nobility’s great independence continued in the Swedish period, not the least because Swedish noblemen now held high stakes themselves, having been enfeoffed on large estates in the conquered Livonia as rewards for their war services. Their position was, therefore, considerably stronger than that of the nobility in Sweden proper. Another facet adding to the Livonian nobility’s independence was that the province was never incorporated into the Swedish Realm, which comprised only Sweden and Fin- land. This meant that the Livonians were not represented in the Swedish Diet, the local Ritterschaft holding its own Landtag instead.1 * Professor of Comparative Legal History, University of Helsinki.
    [Show full text]
  • A Concise History of the Baltic States Free
    FREE A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE BALTIC STATES PDF Andrejs Plakans | 492 pages | 04 May 2011 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780521541558 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom (PDF) A Concise History of the Baltic States | Markus Meckl - The term is not used in the context of cultural areasnational identityor languagebecause while the majority of people in Latvia and Lithuania are Baltic peoplethe majority in Estonia are Finnic. The three countries do not form an official union, but engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. All three are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank and maintain a very high Human Development Index. The term Baltic stems from the name of the Baltic Sea — a hydronym dating back to the 3rd century B. Erastothenes mentioned Baltia in Ancient Greek and earlier. This meaning is retained in modern Baltic languageswhere baltas in Lithuanian and balts in Latvian mean 'white'. The term Baltic states was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea : Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also Germany and the Russian Empire. Throughout the 18th century to the 20th century, the Baltic states were part of the Russian Empire until the four countries gained independence in and near the end of World War I. Soviet rule ended when the three countries declared the occupation illegal and culminated with the restoration of independence to their pre-war status in when communism collapsed in Eastern Europe. In the 13th century pagan and Eastern Orthodox Baltic and Finnic peoples in the region became a target of the Northern Crusades. It was divided into four autonomous bishoprics and lands of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.
    [Show full text]
  • CONTACTS BETWEEN the BALTIC and FINNIC LANGUAGES Uralica Helsingiensia7
    CONTACTS BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND FINNIC LANGUAGES Uralica Helsingiensia7 Contacts between the Baltic and Finnic languages EDITED BY SANTERI JUNTTILA HELSINKI 2015 Contents Santeri Junttila (ed.): Contacts between the Baltic and Finnic languages. Uralica Helsingiensia 7. Santeri Junttila Layout, cover Katriina Ketola, Anna Kurvinen Introduction 6 Translations of summaries Simonas Noreikis, Anete Kona, Santeri Junttila Language editor: Uldis Balodis Santeri Junttila Proto-Finnic loanwords in the Baltic languages? ISBN 978-952-5667-67-7 An old hypothesis revisited 12 ISSN 1797-3945 Orders • Tilaukset Petri Kallio Tiedekirja <www.tiedekirja.fi> Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy The Baltic and Finnic Names of the River Gauja 38 Snellmaninkatu 13 <[email protected]> Sastamala 2015 FI-00170 Helsinki Laimute Balode Criteria for Identifying Possible Finnicisms in Latvian Toponymy 49 Uralica Helsingiensia Pauls Balodis Uralica Helsingiensia is a series published jointly by the University of Helsinki Finno-Ugric Surnames of Finnic Origin in Latvia 74 Language Section and the Finno-Ugrian Society. It features monographs and thematic col- lections of articles with a research focus on Uralic languages, and it also covers the linguistic Riho Grünthal and cultural aspects of Estonian, Hungarian and Saami studies at the University of Helsinki. The series has a peer review system, i.e. the manuscripts of all articles and monographs Livonian at the crossroads of language contacts 97 submitted for publication will be refereed by two anonymous reviewers before binding decisions are made concerning the publication of the material. Jan Henrik Holst Uralica Helsingiensia on Helsingin yliopiston suomalais-ugrilaiset kielet ja kulttuurit -oppi- On the theory of a Uralic substratum in Baltic 151 aineryhmän yhdessä Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran kanssa julkaisema sarja, jossa ilmestyy monografioita ja temaattisia artikkelikokoelmia.
    [Show full text]