DOCSLIB.ORG

Tanel Kerikmäe · Kristi Joamets Jānis Pleps · Anita Rodiņa Tomas Berkmanas · Edita Gruodytė Editors the Law of the Baltic States the Law of the Baltic States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tanel Kerikmäe · Kristi Joamets Jānis Pleps · Anita Rodiņa Tomas Berkmanas · Edita Gruodytė Editors the Law of the Baltic States the Law of the Baltic States Tanel Kerikmäe · Kristi Joamets Jānis Pleps · Anita Rodiņa Tomas Berkmanas · Edita Gruodytė Editors The Law of the Baltic States The Law of the Baltic States [email protected] Tanel Kerikma¨e • Kristi Joamets Ja¯nis Pleps • Anita Rodin¸a Tomas Berkmanas • Edita Gruodyte˙ Editors The Law of the Baltic States [email protected] Editors Tanel Kerikma¨e Kristi Joamets Tallinn Law School Tallinn Law School Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia Tallinn, Estonia Ja¯nis Pleps Anita Rodin¸a Faculty of Law Faculty of Law University of Latvia University of Latvia Riga, Latvia Riga, Latvia Tomas Berkmanas Edita Gruodyte˙ Law Faculty Law Faculty Vytautas Magnus University Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunas, Lithuania ISBN 978-3-319-54477-9 ISBN 978-3-319-54478-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017934084 # Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland [email protected] Preface The current volume is a unique accomplishment from several aspects. To begin with, it is the first international collaboration project of Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian legal scholars that provides comprehensive analytical overviews of the legal systems in the three countries. Moreover, it is a significant milestone marking the era of already mature states and their legal societies containing descriptions of historical development and explaining the achievements and challenges of lawmak- ing—it is a development story of states that are all having different languages but are sharing a lot in their political, economic and legal dynamics. Baltic states cannot be crucial global players alone, taking into account their population (all together slightly over six million), but they can be a louder voice in international decision-making process as members of the European Union (EU) (all states joined 2004) and other international alliances. The trust of their own citizens and foreign partners, the key for better establishment and stability of all three relatively small states, is the rule of law as the main ground for statehood. This is also a primary soul of the project—the editors believe that there is a need for a systematic overview of legal systems in the Baltic region that has never been offered with sufficient depth. We can assure that the text recites the perceptions of experienced and learned specialists in the field. This voluminous book is not only instructing a reader on domestic legal pecularities but gives also a solid discourse on the positioning of these legal orders to the international and EU legal space. Although the authors are all active in academic sphere, many of them are also related to legal practice both in the public and private sectors, which makes the text simultaneously theoretical and practice oriented, referring to the problematics and details that can be derived only from real life. It is also a doctrinal statement—the leading authors cannot avoid their own understandings and approaches that are, in the end, framing the main concept of the book. This compilation not only is based on legal text but also is using broader perspective in explaining the legal policies, guiding authorities in making crucial choices, tailoring the methodologies and intepretation approaches. We hope that this excellent project is only a first stage in our joint cooperation. The process of writing and editing introduced relevant experts in the field to each other. Already during the drafting of the chapters, several authors from different countries had passionate discussions on how to structure and frame certain branches v [email protected] vi Preface of law, how much to use extra-legal sources, etc. These conversations become a fertile soil for further, more specific joint ventures between legal scholars. The book is a collective effort of Baltic legal scholars to present an adequate scene of legal reality with the assumptions of further developments as the law and legal systems, accordingly, are living and constantly changing. The thrust of the book is that we have to see a holistic picture of the whole legal system to be able to analyse a specific part of it. The volume is also carrying the role of comparing the three states with the purpose of learning from each other and finding the ways of using the best practices in the Baltic region. The book makes reasonable use of relevant legal materials to allow the reader to become familiar with the essential elements of the legislation. The most difficult for the authors, patriots of their legal field, was certainly to be limited with the pages and establish a structure focusing mainly on the core elements of the particular regulation area. The parts of this book are divided by countries involved; however, the length and priorities vary by legal systems. Estonia is stressing its capacity and perspectives as an e-governed society; Latvia points out particularities of building up a modern legal system based on the rule of law, which roots to the constitution passed in 1922 and renewed in full amount after the restoration of independence in 1993; and Lithuania, starting from its rich legal tradition dating back to the three monumental Statutes of the Grand Dutchy, proceeds with the representation of the dynamic and fourth industrial-revolution-ready Lithuanian Rechtsstaat. Tallinn, Estonia Tanel Kerikma¨e [email protected] Contents Part I Estonian Law 1 General Frameworks .................................... 3 Tatjana Evas, Thomas Hoffmann, Kristi Joamets, Tanel Kerikma¨e, Ramon Loik, Katrin Nyman-Metcalf, Aleksandr Popov, and Sandra Sa¨rav 2 Public Law ............................................ 41 Marek Herm, Kristi Joamets, Marko Kairjak, Tanel Kerikma¨e, Helen Kranich, Kaido Künnapas, Ramon Loik, Maret Maripuu, Monika Mikiver, Lehte Roots, and Dmitri Teplo˜hh 3 Private Law ........................................... 101 Edgar Grünberg, Kristi Joamets, Rene Lauk, Priidu Pa¨rna, Margus Poola, and Addi Rull Part II Latvian Law 4 General Frameworks .................................... 151 Arnis Buka, Ire¯na Kucina, Ja¯nis Lazdin¸sˇ, and Daiga Rezevska 5 Public Law ............................................ 191 Ma¯ris Badovskis, Jautrı¯te Briede, Edvı¯ns Danovskis, Kristı¯ne Dupate, Annija Ka¯rklin¸a, Ka¯rlis Ketners, Valentija Liholaja, Anita Rodin¸a, and Kristı¯ne Strada-Rozenberga 6 Private Law ........................................... 277 Linda Damane, Ja¯nis Ka¯rklin¸sˇ, Inese Lı¯bin¸a-Egner, Vadims Mantrovs, Daina Ose, Martins Osis, Ja¯nis Rozenfelds, Kalvis Torga¯ns, and Kristı¯ne Zı¯le Part III Lithuanian Law 7 General Frameworks of Lithuanian Law ..................... 359 Tomas Berkmanas, Marius Jonaitis, Saule˙ Milcˇiuviene˙, Birute˙ Pranevicˇiene˙, Stasys Sˇedbaras, Violeta Vasiliauskiene˙, and Evelina Zˇ urauskaite˙ vii [email protected] viii Contents 8 Lithuanian Public Law ................................... 407 Marius Bartninkas, Mindaugas Bilius, Paulius Cˇ erka, Tomas Davulis, Edita Gruodyte˙, Ausˇra Kargaudiene˙, Linas Mesˇkys, Dainius Raižys, and Tomas Versˇinskas 9 Lithuanian Private Law .................................. 471 Paulius Astromskis, Jurgita Grigiene˙, Julija Kirsˇiene˙, Ausˇrine˙ Pasvenskiene˙, Evaldas Rapolas, Siuzana Sˇcˇerbina-Dalibagiene˙, Jurgita Spaicˇiene˙, and Vigintas Visˇinskis [email protected] Contributors Paulius Astromskis Faculty of Law, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Viliusˇis & Astromskis Law Firm, Kaunas, Lithuania Ma¯ris Badovskis Labour Relations and Labour Protection Policy Department, Ministry of Welfare, Riga, Latvia Marius Bartninkas Faculty of Law, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Ke˙dainiai District Court of the Republic of Lithuania, Kaunas, Lithuania Tomas Berkmanas Faculty of Law, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Mindaugas Bilius Faculty of Law, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Jautrı¯te Briede Law Faculty, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Arnis Buka Faculty of Law, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Paulius Cˇ erka Cˇ erka & Partneriai Advocates Bureau, Kaunas, Lithuania
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ülikoolilinn Pärnu Pärnu - the University Town Helmut Piirimäe
    HELMUT PIIRIMÄE ÜLIKOOLILINN PÄRNU PÄRNU - THE UNIVERSITY TOWN HELMUT PIIRIMÄE ÜLIKOOLILINN PÄRNU PÄRNU — THE UNIVERSITY TOWN HELMUT PIIRIMÄE ÜLIKOOLILINN PÄRNU PÄRNU — THE UNIVERSITY TOWN TARTU ÜLIKOOL PÄRNU KOLLEDŽ Toimetanud ja tõlkinud Editor and Translation into English Ken Kalling Retsenseerinud Reviewed by Toomas Hiio, Aldur Vunk Keeletoimetaja Language Editor Leelo Jago Tõlke korrektuur Proof-read by Gordon Leman Kaas Cover Kalle Paalits Fotod Pärnu Muuseum ja Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu Photos Museum of Pärnu and Tartu University Library © Helmut Piirimäe, 1999 ISBN 9985-4-0085-2 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus Tiigi 78, Tartu 50410 Tellimus nr. 360 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS 9 Eesmärk 9 Allikad 11 Historiograafia 14 PÄRNU PIKK TEE ÜLIKOOLILINNAKS 21 Vana-Pärnu 21 U us-Pärnu 23 Koolihariduse algus Eestis 26 Liivimaa teel kõrgharidusele: Euroopa taust 28 Liivimaa tee oma kõrgkoolini: kas Tartu või Pärnu 31 Läbi usuvõitluste kõrgkooli poole 32 Ülikool asupaika otsimas 34 Tallinna võimalus 37 Raske valik Tartu ja Pärnu vahel 39 PÄRNUSSE KOLIMINE 41 Pärnu kui kavandatav ülikoolilinn 1668-1688 41 Ikka veel ja juba jälle Tartu 45 Murrang Pärnu kasuks 48 Ettevalmistused Pärnusse kolimiseks 50 Kolimise pidurdumine: Tartu vastuseis ja suur näljaaeg .. 53 Ülikooli ümberasumine Pärnusse 55 ÜLIKOOL PÄRNUS 59 Uus ülikoolilinn 59 Sisseseadmine 60 Avapidustused 65 Õiguslik seisund ja õppetöö korraldus 67 Argielu muredes ja askeldustes 74 Paanika Põhjasõja algul 78 Lootustega sõja seljataga 80 6 Sisukord Õppetöö algab jälle 83 Töö algus püssirohutünnide otsas 87 Ikka lootustega 92 VAIMUELU 98 Usutülid 98 Üliõpilaskond ja üliõpilaselu 101 Eesti keel ja teised kohalikud keeled 107 Luule ja trükisõna 109 LÕPP JA TRADITSIOON 113 Lõpp Põhjasõja kägistuses 113 Katsed taastada Pärnus ülikooli 117 KOKKUVÕTE 125 VIITED 255 KIRJANDUS 261 ISIKUNIMEDE REGISTER 267 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 127 Goals 127 Sources 129 Historiography 132 A LONG WAY TO BECOME A UNIVERSITY TOWN ...
    [Show full text]
  • RCS Demographics V2.0 Codebook
    Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project Demographics, version 2.0 (RCS-Dem 2.0) CODE BOOK Davis Brown Non-Resident Fellow Baylor University Institute for Studies of Religion [email protected] Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following persons for their assistance, without which this project could not have been completed. First and foremost, my co-principal investigator, Patrick James. Among faculty and researchers, I thank Brian Bergstrom, Peter W. Brierley, Peter Crossing, Abe Gootzeit, Todd Johnson, Barry Sang, and Sanford Silverburg. I also thank the library staffs of the following institutions: Assembly of God Theological Seminary, Catawba College, Maryville University of St. Louis, St. Louis Community College System, St. Louis Public Library, University of Southern California, United States Air Force Academy, University of Virginia, and Washington University in St. Louis. Last but definitely not least, I thank the following research assistants: Nolan Anderson, Daniel Badock, Rebekah Bates, Matt Breda, Walker Brown, Marie Cormier, George Duarte, Dave Ebner, Eboni “Nola” Haynes, Thomas Herring, and Brian Knafou. - 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Citation 3 Updates 3 Territorial and Temporal Coverage 4 Regional Coverage 4 Religions Covered 4 Majority and Supermajority Religions 6 Table of Variables 7 Sources, Methods, and Documentation 22 Appendix A: Territorial Coverage by Country 26 Double-Counted Countries 61 Appendix B: Territorial Coverage by UN Region 62 Appendix C: Taxonomy of Religions 67 References 74 - 2 - Introduction The Religious Characteristics of States Dataset (RCS) was created to fulfill the unmet need for a dataset on the religious dimensions of countries of the world, with the state-year as the unit of observation.
    [Show full text]
  • International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
    UNITED NATIONS CERD International Convention on Distr. the Elimination GENERAL of all Forms of CERD/C/329/Add.2 Racial Discrimination 5 July 1999 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE CONVENTION Fourth periodic report of States parties due in 1998 Addendum Estonia* [16 March 1999] _______________________ * This document contains the initial, second, third and fourth periodic reports of Estonia, submitted in one document, due on 20 November 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1998. GE.99-42697 (E) CERD/C/329/Add.2 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 - 9 6 I. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................. 10 - 60 6 A. State structure................................................................. 19 - 28 8 B. The economy .................................................................. 29 - 35 9 C. Ethnic composition of the population.............................. 36 - 54 10 D. Estonia’s international obligations .................................. 55 - 60 14 II. INFORMATION ON THE ARTICLES OF THE CONVENTION ......................................................................... 61 - 417 16 A. Article 2 ......................................................................... 61 - 80 16 1. Prohibition of racial discrimination .......................... 62 - 63 16 2. Protection of national minorities..............................
    [Show full text]
  • 160 KAZACHONAK Katsiaryna / КАЗАЧЁНОК Катарина Latvian
    Альманах североевропейских и балтийских исследований / Nordic and Baltic Studies Review. 2016. Issue 1 KAZACHONAK Katsiaryna / КАЗАЧЁНОК Катарина Latvian Society of Archivists / Латвийское общество архивистов Latvia, Riga / Латвия, Рига [email protected] COOPERATION OF LATVIAN BELARUSIANS WITH THE NON-BELARUSIAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF LATVIA IN 1928—31 СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО БЕЛОРУСОВ ЛАТВИИ С НЕБЕЛОРУССКИМИ ЛАТВИЙСКИМИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ В 1928—1931 ГГ. Аннотация: В статье рассматривается вопрос о характере отношений представителей белорусского меньшинства Латвии с политическими партиями Латвии в период предвыборных кампаний в парламент второго и третьего coзывов. Именно в это время белорусы начали интенсивно искать контакты с другими политическими организациями Латвии. Поддержка белорусами социал-демократов и коммунистов была закономерна и обуславливалась социальной структурой белорусского меньшинства Латвии. В начале 1930-х гг. белорусы сделали попытку расширить свои контакты через взаимодействие с другими гражданскими партиями Латвии, которые, хотя и были левыми, выражали некоторые идеи, ранее не характерные для белорусских политических организаций (Латгальского объединения прогрессивных крестьян, Партии крестьян-христиан). Это свидетельствует, с одной стороны, о разочаровании в белорусских национальных политических партиях, а с другой стороны, о более глубокой интеграции белорусов в латвийское общество. Статья написана на основе архивных документов и периодической печати того времени, много информации из источников публикуется впервые. Kewords / Ключевые слова: Latvia, Latgalе, Belarusian minority, Belarusian political parties, parliamentary elections, the 3rd Saeima, the 4th Saeima / Латвия, Латгалия, белорусское меньшинство, белорусские политические партии, парламентские выборы, Третий Сейм, Четвёртый Сейм. In the 1920s and 1930s the Belarusians were one of the largest national minorities in Latvia. The majority of Belarusians lived in region of Latgale (the eastern part of Latvia) and Ilūkste Municipality (southeastern Latvia, part of Zemgale region).
    [Show full text]
  • Between National and Academic Agendas Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940
    BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Other titles in the same series Södertörn Studies in History Git Claesson Pipping & Tom Olsson, Dyrkan och spektakel: Selma Lagerlöfs framträdanden i offentligheten i Sverige 1909 och Finland 1912, 2010. Heiko Droste (ed.), Connecting the Baltic Area: The Swedish Postal System in the Seventeenth Century, 2011. Susanna Sjödin Lindenskoug, Manlighetens bortre gräns: tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685–1709, 2011. Anna Rosengren, Åldrandet och språket: En språkhistorisk analys av hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige cirka 1875–1975, 2011. Steffen Werther, SS-Vision und Grenzland-Realität: Vom Umgang dänischer und „volksdeutscher” Nationalsozialisten in Sønderjylland mit der „großgermanischen“ Ideologie der SS, 2012. Södertörn Academic Studies Leif Dahlberg och Hans Ruin (red.), Fenomenologi, teknik och medialitet, 2012. Samuel Edquist, I Ruriks fotspår: Om forntida svenska österledsfärder i modern historieskrivning, 2012. Jonna Bornemark (ed.), Phenomenology of Eros, 2012. Jonna Bornemark och Hans Ruin (eds), Ambiguity of the Sacred, 2012. Håkan Nilsson (ed.), Placing Art in the Public Realm, 2012. Lars Kleberg and Aleksei Semenenko (eds), Aksenov and the Environs/Aksenov i okrestnosti, 2012. BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications Cover Image, taken from Latvijas Universitāte Illūstrācijās, p. 10. Gulbis, Riga, 1929. Cover: Jonathan Robson Layout: Jonathan Robson and Per Lindblom Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2012 Södertörn Studies in History 13 ISSN 1653-2147 Södertörn Academic Studies 51 ISSN 1650-6162 ISBN 978-91-86069-52-0 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 66: Number 2, 2020: Summary
    International Affairs: Volume 66: Number 2, 2020: Summary. Sergey Lavrov Turns 70. International Affairs Editorial Board and Staff Members. Dear Sergey Viktorovich, Staff members of the International Affairs journal are sending their sincere, heartfelt wishes on your birthday. We are genuinely proud of the fact that for many years (far from the easiest ones in the history of Russia and humankind), the International Affairs Board has been headed by a Russian politician and statesman such as you. Your diplomatic talent, reinforced by your professionalism, will to victory and sometimes unconventional decisions, give confidence that Russia will pass through this zone of turbulence, the times of arbitrary rules, not international laws, and the sanctions chaos in international relations and will emerge as a model of stability and a sought-after world arbiter. We are grateful that, despite your superhuman schedule of meetings and trips, addressing priority international issues in real time and sometimes actually saving the world, you find an opportunity to get your articles published in our journal and become involved in our projects. This is very important to us. We hope that this will continue to be the case in the future. We wish you good health, well-being and many more years at the service of our Motherland. To Provide Strategic Stability and Form a Just World Order. Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation. DEAR FRIENDS, Let me extend my heartfelt wishes on your professional holiday, Diplomats’ Day. Russian diplomats have always resolutely and consistently defended the interests of our Fatherland. While continuing the glorious traditions of our predecessors, you carry out your duty with honor and deal with challenging and responsible foreign policy tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Printing in Present-Day Finland and Estonia in The
    T HE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING IN PRESENT - D A Y F INLAND AND E S T O N I A I N THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY By Tiiu Reimo This article aims at giving a comparative overview of the early stage of printing in the areas of present-day Finland and Estonia. The overview is based on the analysis of scholarly literature and on book data registered in retrospective bibliographies. In the development of printing in Finland and Estonia, many similar features are observable: the foundation of printing shops took place approximately at the same time, and printing shops were established by the same institutions, i.e. universities and gymnasia. The output of the printing houses cannot be fully reconstructed as much printed matter has perished. The analysis of the surviving print production shows likeness in typology of academic publications as well as of books in vernacular languages. Introduction For centuries, books have been the main medium in communicating knowledge and fostering intellectual development. Books from the past preserve cultural memory and are therefore also important for the future. The history of books and printing has been of interest to many scholars both in Finland and Estonia. The large amount of scholarly literature in this field reflects the importance assigned to the printed word in the development of national cultures. Thus, it is not a coincidence that the history of vernacular (Estonian- and Finnish-language) book culture should have been one of the preoccupations of scholars involved in the National Awakening movements on both sides of the Gulf of Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags and Banners
    Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomats As Poets, Poets As Diplomats
    3 / 2019 The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies Paul Hulsenboom Radboud University DIPLOMATS AS POETS, POETS AS DIPLOMATS POETIC GIFTS AND LITERARY REFLECTIONS ON THE DUTCH MEDIATIONS BETWEEN POLAND-LITHUANIA AND SWEDEN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Abstract Th is article examines two Dutch diplomatic missions, in 1627–28 and 1635, by which the United Provinces intervened in a Polish-Swedish armed confl ict in Prussia. Th e focus is on ‘diplomatic poetics’: the ways in which literature functioned within diplomatic practice, and how that practice (or the ‘diplomatic moment’) was in turn envisioned in literature. Th e Polish-Swedish confl ict was of great interest to the United Provinces, and was elaborately discussed in various Dutch media, as well as in the correspondences of merchants and politicians. Th e Dutch embassies to Polish territories themselves, meanwhile, inspired a number of literary works, published mostly in the Republic, but also in for example Danzig and Königsberg. Th ese sources demonstrate how early modern literary and diplomatic practices in Europe overlapped and infl uenced each other. Firstly, German, French and Dutch poems by Johannes Plavius, Simon van Beaumont and Joost van den Vondel illustrate the blurring of the lines between the realms of diplomacy and literature. Poems could function as diplomatic gifts, enabling both personal, intellectual communication and the widespread transmission of political messages. Moreover, Latin and German plays by Johannes Narssius and Simon Dach, and more importantly Latin poems by Simon van Beaumont and Caspar Barlaeus, as well as an illustrated Dutch account of the fi rst mission by Abraham Booth, reveal that the Dutch envoys featured in literary narratives as both wise peace bringers and travelling poets, and their missions to Poland as both arduous ordeals and epic adventures.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltic Eugenics on the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics 35
    Baltic Eugenics On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics 35 Founding and Executive Editor Leonidas Donskis, Member of the European Parliament, and previously Professor and Dean of Vytautas Magnus University School of Political Science and Diplomacy in Kaunas, Lithuania. Editorial and Advisory Board Timo Airaksinen, University of Helsinki, Finland Egidijus Aleksandravicius, Lithuanian Emigration Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Aukse Balcytiene, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Stefano Bianchini, University of Bologna, Forlì Campus, Italy Endre Bojtar, Institute of Literary Studies, Budapest, Hungary Ineta Dabasinskiene, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania Pietro U. Dini, University of Pisa, Italy Robert Ginsberg, Pennsylvania State University, USA Martyn Housden, University of Bradford, UK Andres Kasekamp, University of Tartu, Estonia Andreas Lawaty, Nordost-Institute, Lüneburg, Germany Olli Loukola, University of Helsinki, Finland Bernard Marchadier, Institut d’études slaves, Paris, France Silviu Miloiu, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania Valdis Muktupavels, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Hannu Niemi, University of Helsinki, Finland Irina Novikova, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Yves Plasseraud, Paris, France Rein Raud, Tallinn University, Estonia Alfred Erich Senn, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, and Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania André Skogström-Filler, University Paris VIII-Saint-Denis, France David Smith, University of Glasgow, UK Saulius Suziedelis, Millersville University, USA Joachim Tauber, Nordost-Institut, Lüneburg, Germany Tomas Venclova, Yale University, USA Tonu Viik, Tallinn University, Estonia Baltic Eugenics Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940 Edited by Björn M. Felder & Paul J. Weindling Amsterdam - New York, NY 2013 Cover photo : Jēkabs Prīmanis measuring skulls (from Jēkabs Prīmanis (1937), Ievads antropoloģijas metodikā.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894
    CLAIMING THE CAUCASUS: RUSSIA’S IMPERIAL ENCOUNTER WITH ARMENIANS, 1801-1894 Stephen B. Riegg A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Louise McReynolds Donald J. Raleigh Chad Bryant Cemil Aydin Eren Tasar © 2016 Stephen B. Riegg ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Stephen B. Riegg: Claiming the Caucasus: Russia’s Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894 (Under the direction of Louise McReynolds) My dissertation questions the relationship between the Russian empire and the Armenian diaspora that populated Russia’s territorial fringes and navigated the tsarist state’s metropolitan centers. I argue that Russia harnessed the stateless and dispersed Armenian diaspora to build its empire in the Caucasus and beyond. Russia relied on the stature of the two most influential institutions of that diaspora, the merchantry and the clergy, to project diplomatic power from Constantinople to Copenhagen; to benefit economically from the transimperial trade networks of Armenian merchants in Russia, Persia, and Turkey; and to draw political advantage from the Armenian Church’s extensive authority within that nation. Moving away from traditional dichotomies of power and resistance, this dissertation examines how Russia relied on foreign-subject Armenian peasants and elites to colonize the South Caucasus, thereby rendering Armenians both agents and recipients of European imperialism. Religion represented a defining link in the Russo-Armenian encounter and therefore shapes the narrative of my project. Driven by a shared ecumenical identity as adherents of Orthodox Christianity, Armenians embraced Russian patronage in the early nineteenth century to escape social and political marginalization in the Persian and Ottoman empires.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech by President Lennart Meri
    Freedom Through Democracy, Security, and Unity in Diversity Memorable Words of Lennart Meri, President of the Republic of Estonia, From His Speeches 1992–2001 Lennart Meri Compiled and edited by M. Merrick Yamamoto Visual Tutor Company, 2016 From the President’s New Year’s Eve Message, December 31, 1999 Dear fellow countrymen! Today, we are all one big family. Today, in my mind, I shake hands with all of you, look everybody in the eye, and ask: how are you? Today’s New Year is so different from all that have been and all those still to come. It is mysterious, at least in our imagination. Round numbers have a powerful influence on our mind and on our behaviour, especially when the New Year is also connected to the beginning of a new century, a new millennium. A friend of mine even asked me for an interview concerning the third millennium. I asked him: What could a tiller or a fisherman from Rävala or Saaremaa have said about the second millennium in the year 999? On the New Year, there will be no change in the constellation of stars, in the movement of the Sun or the Earth. For an ancient Estonian, the flow of time was constant and indivisible, like the peaceful flow of a river. We toast the new millennium, fill the sky with fireworks and celebrate today, because we are part of the Christian culture. The year 2000 is a year of advent, the year of transition, taking us to the third millennium after the birth of Christ.
    [Show full text]