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Flags and Banners Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ................................................ 23 1.18 References ............................................... 24 2 War flag 28 2.1 History ................................................. 28 2.2 Current war flags ........................................... 28 2.2.1 Used by armed forces only .................................. 28 2.2.2 Army (Land) use only .................................... 30 2.2.3 War flags that are also naval ensigns ............................. 30 2.2.4 Other war flags ........................................ 31 i ii CONTENTS 2.3 Former war flags ........................................... 31 2.4 See also ................................................ 32 2.5 References ............................................... 32 2.6 Further reading ............................................ 32 2.7 External links ............................................. 32 3 Oriflamme 34 3.1 Legendary origin ........................................... 35 3.2 History ................................................ 36 3.3 Appearance .............................................. 37 3.4 Significance on the battlefield ..................................... 37 3.5 Porte oriflamme ............................................ 37 3.5.1 Notable Bearers of the Oriflamme .............................. 37 3.6 The Oriflamme in literature ...................................... 38 3.7 See also ................................................ 38 3.8 References ............................................... 38 4 Heraldic flag 39 4.1 Types of heraldic flags ......................................... 39 4.1.1 Pennon ............................................ 39 4.1.2 Banner ............................................ 39 4.1.3 Standard ............................................ 41 4.1.4 Banderole ........................................... 42 4.1.5 Gonfalone ........................................... 42 4.1.6 Guidon ............................................ 42 4.1.7 Pinsel ............................................. 42 4.2 See also ................................................ 42 4.3 Notes ................................................. 44 4.4 References ............................................... 44 5 Banner 46 5.1 Heraldic banners ............................................ 46 5.2 Banners in a religious context ..................................... 46 5.2.1 In Christianity ........................................ 47 5.3 Trade union banners .......................................... 48 5.4 Sports banners ............................................. 49 5.5 Advertising banners .......................................... 49 5.6 See also ................................................ 51 5.7 References ............................................... 53 6 Field sign 54 6.1 Examples ............................................... 54 6.2 See also ................................................ 54 CONTENTS iii 7 Royal standard 55 7.1 Former Royal Standards ........................................ 56 7.2 See also ................................................ 56 8 Colours, standards and guidons 57 8.1 General use .............................................. 58 8.2 Colours ................................................ 59 8.2.1 North, Central and South America .............................. 59 8.2.2 Asia .............................................. 64 8.2.3 Commonwealth realms .................................... 66 8.2.4 European countries ...................................... 75 8.3 Guidons and Standards ........................................ 94 8.3.1 Commonwealth of Nations .................................. 94 8.3.2 United States ......................................... 94 8.3.3 Countries in Continental Europe ............................... 95 8.4 Guns .................................................. 95 8.5 Etiquette ................................................ 96 8.6 Ceremonies of Colours ........................................ 96 8.6.1 Royal Navy .......................................... 96 8.6.2 United States Navy ...................................... 97 8.6.3 Yacht Clubs .......................................... 97 8.7 See also ................................................ 97 8.8 Notes ................................................. 97 8.9 References ............................................... 98 8.10 External links ............................................. 98 9 Historical colours, standards and guidons 99 9.1 France ................................................. 99 9.1.1 Middle Age ..........................................100 9.1.2 Ancien Régime (15th-18th centuries) .............................100 9.1.3 Revolutionary Army .....................................100 9.1.4 Imperial Army ........................................100 9.2 Germany ................................................101 9.2.1 Kingdom of Prussia ......................................101 9.2.2 Third Reich ..........................................101 9.3 Russia .................................................101 9.3.1 Russian Empire ........................................102 9.3.2 Soviet Union .........................................102 9.4 Spain .................................................102 9.4.1 Kingdom of Spain .......................................102 9.4.2 Spain under Franco ......................................102 9.5 See also ................................................102 iv CONTENTS 10 Banner of arms 103 10.1 Examples ...............................................104 10.1.1 National flags .........................................104 10.1.2 Subdivision flags .......................................104 10.1.3 County flags ..........................................104 10.1.4 City flags ...........................................104 10.2 References ...............................................104 10.3 External links .............................................104 11 Battle ensign 105 11.1 Examples ...............................................108 11.2 References ...............................................109 11.3 See also ................................................109 12 Blazon 110 12.1 Etymology ...............................................110 12.2 Grammar ...............................................110 12.3 Tinctures ...............................................111 12.4 Complexity ..............................................112 12.5 See also ................................................113 12.6 Notes .................................................113 12.7 References ...............................................113 12.8 External links .............................................113 13 Burgee 114 13.1 Etiquette ................................................114 13.2 Flag officers ..............................................114 13.3 Exchange ...............................................115 13.4 See also ................................................115 13.5 Citations ................................................115 13.6 References ...............................................115 13.7 External links .............................................116 14 Gonfalon 117 14.1 Religious significance .........................................117 14.2 See also ................................................118 14.3 References ...............................................118 15 Fimbriation 121 15.1 Flags using fimbriation .........................................122 15.2 References ...............................................123 16 Flammé (vexillology) 124 16.1 References ...............................................124 CONTENTS v 16.2 See also ................................................124 17 Pennon 126 17.1 The Dutch Pennon ...........................................129 17.2 See also ................................................129 17.3 Notes .................................................130 17.4 References ...............................................130
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