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What the Riddle-Makers Have Hidden Behind the Fire of a Dragon
Volume 38 Number 2 Article 7 5-15-2020 What the Riddle-Makers Have Hidden Behind the Fire of a Dragon Laurence Smith Independent Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Laurence (2020) "What the Riddle-Makers Have Hidden Behind the Fire of a Dragon," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 38 : No. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol38/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Classical mythology, folklore, and fairy tales are full of dragons which exhibit fantastic attributes such as breathing fire, hoarding treasure, or possessing more than one head. This study maintains that some of these puzzling phenomena may derive from riddles, and will focus particularly on some plausible answers that refer to a real creature that has for millennia been valued and hunted by man: the honeybee. -
The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia Religions : Ancient and Modern
RELIGION OF ANCIENT SCANDINAVIA LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO RELIGIONS ANCIENT AND MODERN THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT SCANDINAVIA RELIGIONS : ANCIENT AND MODERN. ANIMISM. By EDWARD CLODD, Author of The Story of Creation. PANTHEISM. By JAMES ALLAN SON PICTON, Author of The Religion of the universe. THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT CHINA. By Professor GILES, LL.D., Professor of Chinese in the University of Cambridge. THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT GREECE. By JANE HARRISON, Lecturer at Newnham College, Cambridge, Author of Prolegomena to Study of Greek Religion. ISLAM. By AMEER An SYED, M.A., C.I.E., late of H.M.'s High Court of Judicature in Bengal, Author of The Spirit of Iflam and The Ethics of Islam. MAGIC AND FETISHISM. By Dr. A. C. H ADDON, F.R.S., Lecturer on Ethnology at Cam- bridge University. THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT EGYPT. By Professor W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, F.R.S. THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA. By THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, late of the British Museum. EARLY BUDDHISM. By Professor RHYS DAVIDS, LL.D., late Secretary of The Royal Asiatic Society. HINDUISM. By Dr. L. D. BAR NEXT, of the Department of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. , British Museum. SCANDINAVIAN RELIGION. By WILLIAM A. CRAIGIE, Joint Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary. CELTIC RELIGION. By Professor ANWYL, Professor of Welsh at University College, Aberystwyth. THE MYTHOLOGY OF ANCIENT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. By CHARLES SQUIRE, Author of The Mythology of the British Islands. JUDAISM By ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, Lecturer in Talmudic Literature in Cambridge University, Author of Jewish Life in the Middle Ages. -
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Numen 68 (2021) 272–297 brill.com/nu The Role of Rulers in the Winding Up of the Old Norse Religion Olof Sundqvist Department of Ethnology, History of Religions and Gender Studies, Stockholm University, Sweden [email protected] Abstract It is a common opinion in research that the Scandinavians changed religion during the second half of the Viking Age, that is, ca. 950–1050/1100 ce. During this period, Christianity replaced the Old Norse religion. When describing this transition in recent studies, the concept “Christianization” is often applied. To a large extent this histo- riography focuses on the outcome of the encounter, namely the description of early Medieval Christianity and the new Christian society. The purpose and aims of the present study are to concentrate more exclusively on the Old Norse religion during this period of change and to analyze the questions of how and why it disappeared. A special focus is placed on the native kings. These kings played a most active role in winding up the indigenous tradition that previously formed their lives. It seems as if they used some deliberate methods during this process. When designing their strate- gies they focused on the religious leadership as well as the ritual system. These seem to have been the aspects of the indigenous religion of which they had direct control, and at the same time, were central for the modus operandi of the old religion. Most of all, it seems as if these Christian kings were pragmatists. Since they could not affect the traditional worldview and prevent people from telling the mythical narratives about the old gods, they turned to such aims that they were able to achieve. -
Download a Pdf File of This Issue for Free
Issue 63: How the Vikings Took up the Faith Conversion of the Vikings: Did You Know? Fascinating and little-known facts about the Vikings and their times. What's a Viking? To the Franks, they were Northmen or Danes (no matter if they were from Denmark or not). The English called them Danes and heathens. To the Irish, they were pagans. Eastern Europe called them the Rus. But the Norse term is the one that stuck: Vikings. The name probably came from the Norse word vik, meaning "bay" or "creek," or from the Vik area, the body of water now called Skagerrak, which sits between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In any case, it probably first referred only to the raiders (víkingr means pirate) and was later applied to Scandinavians as a whole between the time of the Lindesfarne raid (793) and the Battle of Hastings (1066). Thank the gods it's Frigg's day. Though Vikings have a reputation for hit-and-run raiding, Vikings actually settled down and influenced European culture long after the fires of invasion burned out. For example, many English words have roots in Scandinavian speech: take, window, husband, sky, anger, low, scant, loose, ugly, wrong, happy, thrive, ill, die, beer, anchor. … The most acute example is our days of the week. Originally the Romans named days for the seven most important celestial bodies (sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn). The Anglo-Saxons inserted the names of some Norse deities, by which we now name Tuesday through Friday: the war god Tiw (Old English for Tyr), Wodin (Odin), Thor, and fertility goddess Frigg. -
Studies in the Sources of J.R.R. Tolkien's the Lord of the Rings
.-- . .,l,.. .I~ i . ,. s._ .i. -_. _..-..e.. _ . (3 f Preface i In the Spring of 1968 while I was studying the Old English poem Beowulf with Dr. Rudolph Bambas, my colleague and classmate Judith Moore suggested that I might enjoy reading a new work by J:R.R. Tolkien, known to us as the editor of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the author of that seminal article -- “Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics.” The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings delighted me that summer. In the fall, at the urging of another colleague, I enrolled in the Old Norse seminar. That conjunction of events proved to be the beginning of a lifelong study of Northern literature and its contributions to the cauldron of story which produced The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, and The Unfinished Tales. The first version of this study became my doctoral dissertation -- “Studies in the Sources of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings.“1 Throughout the years that followed while I was either teaching college English or working as a librarian, I have continued my research. The original study was based on about twenty-five sagas; that number has been tripled. Christopher Tolkien’s careful publication of The Silmarillion, The Unfinished Tales, and six volumes of The Historv of Middle-earth has greatlyreatly expanded the canon available for scholarly study. Humphrey Carpenter’s authorized biography has also been helpful. However, the Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien have produced both the . greatest joy and the greatest terror. -
Turning Points: Tyrfing, Battletech, Battlemech and ’Mech Are Registered Trademarks And/Or Trademarks of the Topps Company, Inc
TURNING POINTS TYRFINGTM Sample file Under License From 35TP024 ® ©2020 The Topps Company Inc. All rights Reserved. Turning Points: Tyrfing, BattleTech, BattleMech and ’Mech are registered trademarks and/or trademarks of The Topps Company, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Catalyst Game Labs and the Catalyst Game Labs logo are trademarks of InMediaRes Production, LLC. SLDF Storage Site TV-9 painted over the ’Mech’s head identified it as one of the Black Sharks. Tyrfing They were mercenaries now, but they had once served the Usurper. Free Worlds League Worse, they were selling their services to the Draconis Combine. Renda 15 December 2788 narrowed her eyes and embraced a surge of hatred. The Thunderbolt moved further down the wall out of view. It was Leftenant Renda Montauban of the Fourth Davion Guards swallowed trailed by a Hunchback and two Shadow Hawks. She smiled. In the open the lump in her throat. She commanded a recon lance. Waiting in ambush field, she wouldn’t worry over such opposition. She’d run circles around was hardly her stock-in-trade. And as far as she’d ever experienced, an them. In a close-in fight, though, Bayard and her lancemates—a Wasp, ambush of this type was completely unheard of. That only made her Stinger, and Spider—would be hopelessly outgunned. The current more nervous. situation was another animal entirely. Like the rest of her lance, she was buttoned up tightly in her cockpit The storage site was filled not just with pristine BattleMechs and tanks, in one of the gantries lining the walls of the immense BattleMech facility but staggering amounts of ammunition. -
THE NORSE Mythology
Sample file Sample file THE NORSE MYtHOLOGY The cosmology of the Norse mythology stands on nine realms: DFWXDOO\WKHÀUVWWRVHWWOHWRWKLVYHU\ODQG Asgard, Alfheim, Helheim, Jotunheim, Midgard, Muspelheim, There are many gods and goddesses in the Norse mythol- 1LÁKHLP6YDUWDOIKHLPDQG9DQDKHLP7KHVHUHDOPVUHVLGHRQ ogy. Yet, as Svilland is a place that is relatively new-settled by Yggdrasil, the tree of life. the children of Odin the Allfather, neither all the deities nor Asgard is the home of the gods. Odin and most of his pan- all the realms are known to them. There are 9 major deities theon reside here. The famous hall of Valhalla is in Asgard, in the pantheon. They have gathered up many believers and greeting warriors of worth to the endless feast. Alfheim is LQÁXHQFHWKHUHDOPGHDUO\ the realm of light elves. They are beautiful creatures ruled by Additionally, there are 4 smaller deities: Heimdall, Ran, JRGGHVV)UH\MD$OWKRXJK)UH\MDLVYHU\LQÁXHQWLDOLQ6YLOODQG Skadi, and Ullr. They have not gathered many followers yet there is no passage to Alfheim from this land. and thus have not established themselves or distinct domains Helheim is the realm of the dishonorable dead. Those who of divine power in Svilland. are not worthy of Valhalla come here when they die. Helheim Odin the Allfather is the god of gods. He rules over Asgard. is ruled by Hel. Jotunheim is the realm of giants, frost and Aegir is the giant-god of the seas. Balder is the god of poetry mountain jotnar came from here. and beauty. Fenrir is the son of Loki. He is the giant wolf god Midgard is the realm of mere mortals. -
Matveeva, Elizaveta (2016) Reconsidering the Tradition: the Odinic Hero As Saga Protagonist. Phd Thesis, University of Nottingha
RECONSIDERING THE TRADITION: THE ODINIC HERO AS SAGA PROTAGONIST Elizaveta Matveeva, MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy OCTOBER 2015 1 AСKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people greatly supported me throughout the years of my work on this dissertation. First and foremost, I would never have been able to make it this far without the love and support of my husband Mikhail, who had always given me not only comfort and encouragement, but also constructive criticism and hours of proofreading. My warmest gratitude goes to my supervisors Prof Judith Jesch and Dr Paul Cavill who made this research possible by being unbelievably helpful, patient and generous with their time. It is Judith who introduced me to Medieval Studies as an academic field and guided and supported me ever since, helping me to get my direction but always encouraging independent choice. Throughout my first year at the University of Nottingham, both Judith and Dr Christina Lee allowed me to participate in their seminars for postgraduate students, helping my transition to the field of Old Norse studies and giving me some of the best academic classes I have ever had. My obligation to individual lecturers and colleagues extends to the University of Nottingham as an institution that funded my study and conference trips with Vice- Chancellor's Scholarship for Research Excellence, Christine Fell Award and Graduate School Travel Prize. I have also received support from the Viking Society for Northern Research and AHRC that allowed my participation in the Orkney Viking Heritage Project. Finally, Fund Soros’s Global Supplementary Grant Program covered my living expenses for two years, allowing me to focus on my research. -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
The Sixteenth International Saga Conference Sagas and Space
THE SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SAGA CONFERENCE SAGAS AND SPACE 9TH – 15TH AUGUST 2015 UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH & UNIVERSITY OF BASEL, SWITZERLAND PREPRINTS OF ABSTRACTS The Sixteenth International Saga Conference Sagas and Space 9th – 15th August 2015, University of Zurich and University of Basel Preprints of Abstracts Edited by Jürg Glauser, Klaus Müller-Wille, Anna Katharina Richter and Lukas Rösli Published by Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Skandinavische Studien c/o Abteilung für Nordische Philologie Deutsches Seminar Universität Zürich Print: ADAG Copy Shop Universitätsstrasse 8006 Zürich All rights reserved. Copyright © 2015, the Contributors. ISBN: 978-3-033-05167-6 https://sagaconference.unibas.ch/downloads Cover image: The first map of the Swiss Confederation by Albrecht von Bonstetten, 1480. In: Ms. Lat. 5656, fol. 8, National Library of France, Paris. Cover design by Anna Katharina Richter and Andi Gredig, Deutsches Seminar der Universität Zürich. Preface The general theme of The Sixteenth International Saga Conference which is held from the 9th to the 15th August 2015 at the University of Zurich and the University of Basel, Switzerland, is Sagas and Space. This Preprint Publication is principally meant to be a tool to assist participants in deciding which lectures, papers, roundtable discussions and posters to attend, and to have the possibility to read abstracts again even after the conference has ended. Papers and Project Presentations will be presented in one of the following thematic Strands: 1) Constructing Space 2) Mediality 3) Textuality and Manuscript Transmission 4) Reception of Old Norse-Icelandic Literature 5) Continental Europe and Medieval Scandinavia 6) Literatures of Eastern Scandinavia 7) Bodies and Senses in the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8) Open Altogether, the Preprint Publication includes abstracts of the four Plenary Lectures, the 190 Papers (including Project Presentations), the five Roundtable Discussions, and the five Posters. -
Fornaldars\366Gur Nor?Urlanda
Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/HervararS... The Complete Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda Legendary Sagas of the Northland in English Translaon [HOME][ BACK] Translations of this saga are typically made from a composite form of three variant texts. The saga exists in three basic versions: R, and H, and U. Version R, thought to be closest to the original, is found in a late 14th or early 15th-century vellum manuscript [GkS 2845 4to], but the final page is missing. The H manuscript, found in Hauksbók, utilizes a version similar to R, although it is generally closer to U. Version U is known from several late paper manuscripts, especially a paper copy in Uppsala (R:715), AM 203 fol. Below, I have only provided the Old Norse text from the vellum manuscripts, R and H. For more details, see " Notes on Translation " below, as well as the translator's site. Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks The Saga of Hervor & King [R] Heidrek the Wise -and- Saga Heiðreks konúngs ens vitra [H] Translated by Around 1250 © 2005 Peter Tunstall 1. KAPÍTULI 1. Sigrlami and the Dwarves Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, ch. 1: There was a man called Sigrlami SIGRLAMI hét konungr, er réð fyrir who ruled over Gardariki. That is Garðaríki. Hans dóttir var Eyfura, er Russia. His daughter was Eyfura allra meyja var fríðust. who was the fairest of all girls. Saga Heiðreks konúngs ens vitra ch. 2: One day as the king rode out .... Ok einn dag, er konúngr reið á hunting, he lost sight of his men. He veiðar, ok hann varðeinn sinna rode deep into the forest in pursuit manna, sá hann einn stein mikinn við of a hart but when the sun sank the sólsetr, ok þar hjá dverga tvá; following day, he still hadn’t caught konúngr vígði þá utan steins með it. -
ANFORTAS Round 03 1. at Eleusis, This Goddess Was Held to Be The
ANFORTAS Round 03 1. At Eleusis, this goddess was held to be the consort of Hermes. Aelian records that Gale was a woman who angered this goddess, who transformed her into the first polecat. Hesiod records that she was given a portion of “starry Ouranos,” a portion of Gaea and a portion of the unploughed sea. On ancient vases, this woman was depicted as the slayer of Klytios by tossing at him a pair of torches. The Thracian aspect of this daughter of Perses and (*) Asteria is Bendis, who was conflated with the black dog that Queen Hecuba was turned into. She was sometimes said to be the guardian of crossroads and she also heard the scream of Pesephone as she was being abducted. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of night and witchcraft. ANSWER: Hecate 2. This fate befell Thasius, a priest of Apollo on Delos. According to Hyginus, it was also the manner of death of the playwright Euripides. Another person who suffered this fate unwittingly wandered into Gargaphie. Ovid parodies epic catalogues by providing an epic catalogue of figures that inflicted this fate, which includes the following figures: Nebrophonus, a lesser-known Melampus, Ichnobates, Pterelas, Agre and Hylaeus. Immediately before suffering this fate, one man turned into an animal when he sprouted (*) a pair of antlers after watching some nymphs and Diana. For 10 points, name this cruel fate that Actaeon suffered, after he had been transformed into a deer. ANSWER: being eaten by dogs [they need dogs and eaten, prompt on less specific answers] 3.