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References 111 References References 111 References Ahrens T. J. (1993) Impact erosion of terrestrial planetary atmos- Bischoff A. and Stöffler D. (1984) Chemical and structural changes pheres. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 21, 525–555. induced by thermal annealing of shocked feldspar inclusions Ahrens T. J. and O’Keefe J. D. (1977) Equations of state and in impact melt rocks from Lappajärvi Crater, Finland. Proc. impact-induced shock-wave attenuation on the Moon. In Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 14th, in J. Geophys. Res., 89, B645– Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial B656. Implications (D. J. Roddy, R. O. Pepin, and R. B. Merrill, Bischoff L. and Oskierski W. (1987) Fractures, pseudotachylite eds.), pp. 639–656. Pergamon, New York. veins, and breccia dikes in the crater floor of the Rochechouart Aldersey-Williams H. (1995) The Most Beautiful Molecule: The impact structure, SW-France, as indicators of crater-forming Discovery of the Buckyball. John Wiley and Sons, New York. processes. In Research in Terrestrial Impact Structures ( J. Pohl, 340 pp. ed.), pp. 5–29. Earth Evolution Sciences, Intl. Mono. Ser., Alexopoulos J. S., Grieve R. A. F., and Robertson P. B. (1988) Friedr. Vieweg and Son, Wiesbaden, Germany. Microscopic lamellar deformation features in quartz: Dis- Bloss F. D. (1981) The Spindle Stage — Principles and Practice. criminative characteristics of shock-generated varieties. Cambridge Univ., New York. 340 pp. Geology, 16, 796–799. Bohor B. F. and Glass B. P. (1995) Origin and diagenesis of K/T Alvarez L. W., Alvarez W., Asaro F., and Michel H. V. (1980) impact spherules — From Haiti to Wyoming and beyond. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Meteoritics, 30, 182–198. Science, 208, 1095–1108. Bohor B. F., Foord E. E., Modreski P. J., and Triplehorn D. M. Alvarez W. (1997) T. Rex and the Crater of Doom. 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R., and Cohen A. J. (1967) Natural unmetamorphosed sedimentary fill of the Brent Meteorite terrestrial maskelynite. Amer. Mineral., 52, 244–253. Crater, Ontario. In Tidal Deposits, A Casebook of Recent Bunch T. E., Cohen A. J., and Dence M. R. (1968) Shock-induced Examples and Fossil Counterparts (R. N. Ginsburg, ed.), structural disorder in plagioclase and quartz. In Shock Meta- pp. 315–323. Springer-Verlag, New York. morphism of Natural Materials (B. M. French and N. M. Short, Beals C. S., Innes M. J. S., and Rottenberg J. A. (1963) Fossil eds.), pp. 509–518. Mono Book Corp., Baltimore. meteorite craters. In The Moon, Meteorites, and Comets Carlisle D. B. and Braman D. R. (1991) Nanometre-size diamonds (B. M. Middlehurst and G. P. Kuiper, eds.), pp. 235–284. in the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clay of Alberta. Nature, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago. 352, 708–709. Becker L., Bada J. L., Winans R. E., Hunt J. E., Bunch T. E., Carstens H. (1975) Thermal history of impact melt rocks in the and French B. M. (1994) Fullerenes in the 1.85-billion-year- Fennoscandian Shield. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 50, 145–155. old Sudbury impact structure. Science, 265, 842–845. Carter N. L. (1965) Basal quartz deformation lamellae: A criterion Becker L., Poreda R. J., and Bada J. L. (1996) Extraterrestrial helium trapped in fullerenes in the Sudbury impact structure. for the recognition of impactites. Amer. J. Sci., 263, 786–806. Science, 272, 249–252. Carter N. L. (1968) Dynamic deformation of quartz. In Shock Benz W., Slattery W. L., and Cameron A. G. W. (1988) Collisional Metamorphism of Natural Materials (B. M. French and N. M. stripping of Mercury’s mantle. Icarus, 74, 516–528. Short, eds.), pp. 453–474. Mono Book Corp., Baltimore. Bice D. M., Newton C. R., McCauley S., Reiners P. W., and Chao E. C. T. (1967) Impact metamorphism. In Researches in McRoberts C. A. (1992) Shocked quartz at the Triassic- Geochemistry, Vol. 2 (P. H. Abelson, ed.), pp. 204–233. John Jurassic boundary in Italy. Science, 255, 443–446. Wiley and Sons, New York. Binzel R. P., Gehrels T., and Matthews M. S., eds. (1989) Asteroids Chao E. C. T., Shoemaker E. M., and Madsen B. M. (1960) First II. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. 1258 pp. natural occurrence of coesite. Science, 132, 220–222. 111 112 Traces of Catastrophe Chapman C. R. and Morrison D. (1989) Cosmic Catastrophes. Dietz R. S. (1947) Meteorite impact suggested by the orientation Plenum, New York. 302 pp. of shatter-cones at the Kentland, Indiana disturbance. Sci- Chapman C. R. and Morrison D. (1994) Impacts on the Earth ence, 105, 42–43. by asteroids and comets: Assessing the hazard. Nature, 367, Dietz R. S. (1959) Shatter cones in cryptoexplosion structures 33–40. (meteorite impact?). J. Geol., 67, 496–505. Chyba C. F., Thomas P. J., and Zahnle K. J. (1993) The 1908 Dietz R. S. (1963) Cryptoexplosion structures: A discussion. Tunguska explosion: Atmospheric disruption of a stony aster- Amer. J. Sci., 261, 650–664. oid. Nature, 361, 40–44. Dietz R. S. (1968) Shatter cones in cryptoexplosion structures. Chyba C. F., Owen T. C., and Ip W.-H. (1994) Impact delivery of In Shock Metamorphism of Natural Materials (B. M. French volatiles and organic molecules to Earth. In Hazards Due to and N. M. Short, eds.), pp. 267–285. Mono Book Corp., Comets and Asteroids (T. Gehrels, ed.), pp. 9–58. Univ. of Baltimore. Arizon, Tucson. Donofrio R. R. (1997) Survey of hydrocarbon-producing impact Cintala M. J. and Grieve R. A. F. (1998) Scaling impact-melt structures in North America: Exploration results to date and and crater dimensions: Implications for the lunar cratering potential for discovery in Precambrian basement rock. Okla- record. Meteoritics & Planet. Sci., 33, 889–912. homa Geol. Survey, Circ. 100, 17–29. Clymer A., Bice D. M., and Montanari A. (1996) Shocked quartz Dressler B. O. (1984) The effects of the Sudbury event and the from the Late Eocene: Impact evidence from Massignano, intrusion of the Sudbury Igneous Complex on the footwall Italy. Geology, 24, 483–486. rocks of the Sudbury structure. In The Geology and Ore Deposits Corner B., Reimold W. U., Brandt D., and Koeberl C. (1997) of the Sudbury Structure (E. G. Pye, A. J. Naldrett, and P. E. Morokweng impact structure, Northwest Province, South Giblin, eds.), pp. 97–136. Ontario Geol. Survey Spec. Vol. 1. Africa: Geophysical imaging and shock petrographic studies. Dressler B. O. (1990) Shock metamorphic features and their zoning Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 351–364. and orientation in the Precambrian rocks of the Manicouagan Croft S. K. (1985) The scaling of complex craters. Proc. Lunar structure, Quebec, Canada. Tectonophysics, 171, 229–245. Planet. Sci. Conf. 15th, in J. Geophys. Res., 90, C828–C842. Dressler B. O. and Sharpton V. L. (1997) Breccia formation at a Dence M. R. (1965) The extraterrestrial origin of Canadian cra- complex impact crater: Slate Islands, Lake Superior, Ontario, ters. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 123, 941–969. Canada. Tectonophysics, 275, 285–311. Dence M. R. (1968) Shock zoning at Canadian craters: Petrog- Dressler B. O., Grieve R. A. F., and Sharpton V. L., eds. (1994) raphy and structural implications. In Shock Metamorphism of Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution. Geol. Soc. Natural Materials (B. M. French and N. M. Short, eds.), Amer. Spec. Paper 293. 348 pp. pp. 169–184. Mono Book Corp., Baltimore. Dressler B. O., Sharpton V. L., and Schuraytz B. C. (1998) Shock Dence M. R. (1971) Impact melts. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5552– metamorphism and shock barometry at a complex impact 5565. structure: Slate Islands, Canada. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., Dence M. R. (1972) The nature and significance of terrestrial 130, 275–287. impact structures. Intl. Geol. Congr., 24th, Montreal, Canada, Dypvik H., Gudlaugsson S. T., Tsikalas F., Attrep M. Jr., Ferrel Proc., Sect. 15, 77–89. R. E. Jr., Krinsley D. H., Mørk A., Faleide J. I., and Nagy J.
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