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STEINHEIM CRATER Steinheim Am Albuch, Steinheim Crater Is Located in the Swabain Alb
STEINHEIM CRATER Steinheim am Albuch, Steinheim crater is located in the Swabain Alb. Since the impact a small town has been built on site. However the crater still remains popular due to it being the best preserved crater with a central uplift. Formation: The Steinheim crater is the smaller partner to the Ries crater. It is located in Alb, Steinheim. It is thought that the two craters were formed 15million years ago. However, there are two theories to how the Steinheim crater formed; either a double meteorite or a 150m fragmentation of one larger impactor as it collided with the earth to form the 24km Reis crater. In either theory, the impactor travelled at around 7.2x104 km/hour impacted the Earth. This meteorite collided with the earth with a similar amount of energy as 100,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is thought that the meteorite hit the earth’s crust at an angle between 30 and 50 degrees which, on impact, caused the pressure to increase by a million bar. As the pressure rises, the temperature also increases to 30,000 degrees causing rocks to disintegrate. Formation of a complex crater Morphology The Steinheim crater is a typical complex crater. This means it has a central uplift in the centre of the crater. The central uplift has been measured to be around 1000m in diameter and be 50m above the basin floor, and the crater itself being 3.8 km in diameter and the sides measuring to ~100m deep. However according to gravity re- searchers, the crater could in fact be double the size! Because the impact crater is exposed, it is subject to erosion and weathering and therefore the morphology of the crater has changed little each year that passes. -
Flynn Creek Crater, Tennessee: Final Report, by David J
1967010060 ASTROGEOLOGIC STUDIES / ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT " July 1, 1965 to July 1, 1966 ° 'i t PART B - h . CRATERINVESTIGATIONS N 67_1_389 N 57-" .]9400 (ACCEC_ION [4U _" EiER! (THRU} .2_ / PP (PAGLS) (CO_ w ) _5 (NASA GR OR I"MX OR AD NUMBER) (_ATEGORY) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOQICAL SURVEY • iri i i i i iiii i i 1967010060-002 ASTROGEOLOGIC STUDIES ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT July i, 1965 to July I, 1966 PART B: CRATER INVESTIGATIONS November 1966 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclature. It should not be quoted without permission. This report concerns work done on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1967010060-003 • #' C OING PAGE ,BLANK NO/" FILMED. CONTENTS PART B--CRATER INVESTIGATIONS Page Introduction ........................ vii History and origin of the Flynn Creek crater, Tennessee: final report, by David J. Roddy .............. 1 Introductien ..................... 1 Geologic history of the Flynn Creek crater ....... 5 Origin of the Flynn Creek crater ............ ii Conc lusions ...................... 32 References cited .................... 35 Geology of the Sierra Madera structure, Texas: progress report, by H. G. Wilshire ............ 41_ Introduction ...................... 41 Stratigraphy ...................... 41 Petrography and chemical composition .......... 49 S truc ture ....................... 62 References cited ............. ...... 69 Some aspects of the Manicouagan Lake structure in Quebec, Canada, by Stephen H. Wolfe ................ 71 f Craters produced by missile impacts, by H. J. Moore ..... 79 Introduction ...................... 79 Experimental procedure ................. 80 Experimental results .................. 81 Summary ........................ 103 References cited .................... 103 Hypervelocity impact craters in pumice, by H. J. Moore and / F. -
The Tennessee Meteorite Impact Sites and Changing Perspectives on Impact Cratering
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND THE TENNESSEE METEORITE IMPACT SITES AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT CRATERING A dissertation submitted by Janaruth Harling Ford B.A. Cum Laude (Vanderbilt University), M. Astron. (University of Western Sydney) For the award of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT Terrestrial impact structures offer astronomers and geologists opportunities to study the impact cratering process. Tennessee has four structures of interest. Information gained over the last century and a half concerning these sites is scattered throughout astronomical, geological and other specialized scientific journals, books, and literature, some of which are elusive. Gathering and compiling this widely- spread information into one historical document benefits the scientific community in general. The Wells Creek Structure is a proven impact site, and has been referred to as the ‘syntype’ cryptoexplosion structure for the United State. It was the first impact structure in the United States in which shatter cones were identified and was probably the subject of the first detailed geological report on a cryptoexplosive structure in the United States. The Wells Creek Structure displays bilateral symmetry, and three smaller ‘craters’ lie to the north of the main Wells Creek structure along its axis of symmetry. The question remains as to whether or not these structures have a common origin with the Wells Creek structure. The Flynn Creek Structure, another proven impact site, was first mentioned as a site of disturbance in Safford’s 1869 report on the geology of Tennessee. It has been noted as the terrestrial feature that bears the closest resemblance to a typical lunar crater, even though it is the probable result of a shallow marine impact. -
Nördlingen 2010: the Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration, P
Program and Abstract Volume LPI Contribution No. 1559 The Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration June 25–27, 2010 Nördlingen, Germany Sponsors Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany Institut für Planetologie, University of Münster, Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR (German Aerospace Center) at Berlin, Germany Institute of Geoscience, University of Freiburg, Germany Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), Houston, USA Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Science Foundation), Bonn, Germany Barringer Crater Company, Decatur, USA Meteoritical Society, USA City of Nördlingen, Germany Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen, Germany Community of Otting, Ries, Germany Märker Cement Factory, Harburg, Germany Local Organization City of Nördlingen Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz- Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Center of Ries Crater and Impact Research (ZERIN), Nördlingen Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Community of Otting, Ries Märker Cement Factory, Harburg Organizing and Program Committee Prof. Dieter Stöffler, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Prof. Wolf Uwe Reimold, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Dr. Kai Wünnemann, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Hermann Faul, First Major of Nördlingen Prof. Thomas Kenkmann, Freiburg Prof. Harald Hiesinger, Münster Prof. Tilman Spohn, DLR, Berlin Dr. Ulrich Köhler, DLR, Berlin Dr. David Kring, LPI, Houston Dr. Axel Wittmann, LPI, Houston Gisela Pösges, Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Ralf Barfeld, Chair, Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum Lunar and Planetary Institute LPI Contribution No. 1559 Compiled in 2010 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -
Brachaniec ACTA LAYAUT
Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 66 (2016), No. 1, pp. 99–105 DOI: 10.1515/agp-2016-0005 New moldavites from SW Poland TOMASZ BRACHANIEC, KRZYSZTOF SZOPA and ŁUKASZ KARWOWSKI Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography; Faculty of Earth Science; University of Silesia; Będzińska Str. 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. ABSTRACT: Brachaniec, T., Szopa, K. and Karwowski, Ł. 2016. New moldavites from SW Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (1), 99–105.Warszawa. Four newly discovered moldavites from the East and West Gozdnica pits, SW Poland, are characterized. All spec- imens, including other four, reported earlier, are from Upper Miocene fluvial sediments of the Gozdnica For- mation. Their weight varies between 0.529 and 1.196 g. The moldavites are bottle green in colour and have bub- bles and inclusions of lechatelierite. Low degree of corrosion suggests short river transport, apparently eastward from Lusatia. Key words: Moldavites; Tektites; Ries; Fluvial transport; Miocene; Poland. INTRODUCTION distinguish between the impact and terrestrial types of glasses: (1) the impact glass has a chemical composition Large impact craters are relatively rare in geologi- of one lithology or mixture of different rock types that cal record on the Earth. All over the world only 164 are present in the source basement (Dence 1971), (2) it crater structures are above 1 km in diameter and only 40 is characterized by the presence of lechatelierite (Stöf- with with more than 20 km in diameter (Earth Impact fler 1984), and (3) it has inclusions of shocked miner- Database). -
ANIC IMPACTS: MS and IRONMENTAL P ONS Abstracts Edited by Rainer Gersonde and Alexander Deutsch
ANIC IMPACTS: MS AND IRONMENTAL P ONS APRIL 15 - APRIL 17, 1999 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany Abstracts Edited by Rainer Gersonde and Alexander Deutsch Ber. Polarforsch. 343 (1999) ISSN 01 76 - 5027 Preface .......3 Acknowledgements .......6 Program ....... 7 Abstracts P. Agrinier, A. Deutsch, U. Schäre and I. Martinez: On the kinetics of reaction of CO, with hot Ca0 during impact events: An experimental study. .11 L. Ainsaar and M. Semidor: Long-term effect of the Kärdl impact crater (Hiiumaa, Estonia) On the middle Ordovician carbonate sedimentation. ......13 N. Artemieva and V.Shuvalov: Shock zones on the ocean floor - Numerical simulations. ......16 H. Bahlburg and P. Claeys: Tsunami deposit or not: The problem of interpreting the siliciclastic K/T sections in northeastern Mexico. ......19 R. Coccioni, D. Basso, H. Brinkhuis, S. Galeotti, S. Gardin, S. Monechi, E. Morettini, M. Renard, S. Spezzaferri, and M. van der Hoeven: Environmental perturbation following a late Eocene impact event: Evidence from the Massignano Section, Italy. ......21 I von Dalwigk and J. Ormö Formation of resurge gullies at impacts at sea: the Lockne crater, Sweden. ......24 J. Ebbing, P. Janle, J, Koulouris and B. Milkereit: Palaeotopography of the Chicxulub impact crater and implications for oceanic craters. .25 V. Feldman and S.Kotelnikov: The methods of shock pressure estimation in impacted rocks. ......28 J.-A. Flores, F. J. Sierro and R. Gersonde: Calcareous plankton stratigraphies from the "Eltanin" asteroid impact area: Strategies for geological and paleoceanographic reconstruction. ......29 M.V.Gerasimov, Y. P. Dikov, 0 . I. Yakovlev and F.Wlotzka: Experimental investigation of the role of water in the impact vaporization chemistry. -
Distal Ejecta from the Ries Crater – Moldavites and Projectile
Large Meteorite Impacts (2003) 4050.pdf DISTAL EJECTA FROM THE RIES CRATER – MOLDAVITES AND PROJECTILE. N. A. Artemieva. Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky pr., 38, bldg.1, 119334, Moscow, Russia, [email protected] Introduction: Using detailed geological, continuous unit, but, probably, some chaotic spots with petrographic, geochemical, and geographical various thickness. In this upper layer shock pressure constraints we have performed numerical modeling drops quickly with a distance and at 5 km from the studies that relate the Steinheim crater (Da = 3.8 km), impact point is below melting pressure for a porous the Ries crater (Da = 24 km) in Southern Germany, and quartz (45 GPa). Figure 1 shows surface material, the moldavite (tektite) strewn field. The known molten after an impact - possible tektites. It is totally moldavite strewn field extends from about 200 to 450 within the growing crater (the Ries final diameter is 26 km from the center of the Ries to the ENE forming a km). Ejection velocity varies from 1-2 km/s behind the fan with an angle of about 57°. An oblique impact of a projectile to 8-11 km/s in a downrange direction. binary asteroid from a WSW direction appears to The model with more thick sandy layer reveals that explain the locations of the craters and the formation 70% of all tektites originate from the upper 20 m, 90% and distribution of the moldavites [1]. In a presented - from the upper 40 m, and only 10% of the material is study we attempt to answer more questions concerning initially below this depth. -
The Ries-Steinheim Crater Pair and Two Major Earthquakes – New Discoveries Challenging the Double-Impact Theory
The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory Elmar Buchner ( [email protected] ) University of Applied Sciences Neu-Ulm Volker Sach Meteorkratermuseum Steinheim Martin Schmieder USRA, Houston, Texas Article Keywords: impact-earthquakes, Nördlinger Ries, Steinheim Basin Posted Date: July 27th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-43745/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/24 Abstract The Nördlinger Ries and the Steinheim Basin are widely perceived as a Middle Miocene impact crater doublet. We discovered two independent earthquake-produced seismite horizons in North Alpine Foreland Basin deposits. The older seismite horizon,associated with the Ries impact is overlain by in situ-preserved distal impact ejecta, forming a unique continental seismite-ejecta couplet within a distance up to 180 km from the crater. The younger seismite unit, also triggered by a major palaeo-earthquake, comprises clastic dikes that cut through the Ries seismite-ejecta couplet. The clastic dikes were likely formed in response to the Steinheim impact, some kyr after the Ries impact, in line with paleontologic results. With the Ries and Steinheim impacts as two separate events, Southern Germany witnessed a double disaster in the Middle Miocene. The magnitude–distance relationship of seismite formation during large earthquakes suggests the seismic and destructive potential of impact-earthquakes may be signicantly underestimated. Introduction The ~24 km-diameter Nördlinger Ries1,2,3,4 and the ~4 km-diameter Steinheim Basin1,5,6,7,8 impact structures in southern Germany (Fig. -
The Steinheim Impact Crater (Germany) — Where Is the Ejecta
77th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2014) 5168.pdf THE STEINHEIM IMPACT CRATER (GERMANY) – WHERE IS THE EJECTA BLANKET? E. Buchner1,2 and M. Schmieder3. 1HNU - Neu-Ulm University, Germany. 2Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Stuttgart, Germa- ny. E-mail: [email protected]. 3School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Australia. Introduction: The exceptionally well-preserved ~24 km Nördlinger Ries and the ~3.8 km Steinheim Basin impact craters (e.g., [1]) are situated on the limestone plateau of the Swabian- Franconian Alb. Both impact craters are thought to have formed simultaneously in the Middle Miocene by the impact of a binary asteroid (e.g., [2]). The Nördlinger Ries crater is unique in terms of the state of preservation of the impact crater morphology and its impact ejecta blanket. The Steinheim Basin exhibits a distinct morphological depression that is filled by a lithic impact breccia preserved in its original thickness and position. However, no im- pact ejecta are known further outside the Steinheim crater. Description of the Problem: The transfer of up to 2 crater radii for a continuous ejecta blanket and of 2 to 3 crater diameters for distal ejecta (e.g., [3]) would be typical for terrestrial impact structures. Proximal and medial Steinheim ejecta could be ex- pected within a distance of up to 4 km, distal ejecta within a dis- tance of up to 12 km from the crater rim. However, an intense search for proximal or distal Steinheim ejecta outside the actual impact crater was not successful. In the light of the very similar sedimentary target setting and erosional history in the Ries- Steinheim area, the contradiction of a widely preserved Ries ejec- ta blanket versus the apparent lack of any remnants of Steinheim ejecta that travelled beyond the crater rim remains puzzling. -
Central Ring Structure Identified in One of the World's Best-Preserved Impact
Central ring structure identi®ed in one of the world's best-preserved impact craters A.C. Gebhardt F. Niessen Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraûe, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany C. Kopsch Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany ABSTRACT Seismic refraction and re¯ection data were acquired in 2000 and 2003 to study the morphology and sedimentary ®ll of the remote El'gygytgyn crater (Chukotka, northeast- ern Siberia; diameter 18 km). These data allow a ®rst insight into the deeper structure of this unique impact crater. Wide-angle data from sonobuoys reveal a ®ve-layer model: a water layer, two lacustrine sedimentary units that ®ll a bowl-shaped apparent crater mor- phology consisting of an upper layer of fallback breccia with P-wave velocities of ;3000 m/s, and a lower layer of brecciated bedrock (velocities .3600 m/s). The lowermost layer shows a distinct anticline structure that, by analogy with other terrestrial and lunar cra- ters of similar size, can be interpreted as a central ring structure. The El'gygytgyn crater exhibits a well-expressed morphology that is typical of craters formed in crystalline target rocks. Keywords: impact crater, El'gygytgyn, lakes, seismic refraction, seismic re¯ection. INTRODUCTION (Belyi, 1998; Gurov et al., 1979a, 1979b). The Grette, 2006; Nolan et al., 2002) formed in- The El'gygytgyn crater, located in the Rus- Anadyr Mountains are part of the Okhotsk- side the crater (the crater and crater lake are sian Arctic, is one of the world's best- Chukotka Volcanic Belt, composed of Late not concentric; see Fig. -
Meteorite Impacts, Earth, and the Solar System
Traces of Catastrophe A Handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures Bevan M. French Research Collaborator Department of Mineral Sciences, MRC-119 Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20560 LPI Contribution No. 954 i Copyright © 1998 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any portion thereof requires the written permission of the Insti- tute as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Figures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.5 used by permission of the publisher, Oxford University Press, Inc. Figures 3.13, 4.16, 4.28, 4.32, and 4.33 used by permission of the publisher, Springer-Verlag. Figure 4.25 used by permission of the publisher, Yale University. Figure 5.1 used by permission of the publisher, Geological Society of America. See individual captions for reference citations. This volume may be cited as French B. M. (1998) Traces of Catastrophe:A Handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures. LPI Contribution No. 954, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 120 pp. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Phone:281-486-2172 Fax:281-486-2186 E-mail:[email protected] Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. Cover Art.“One Minute After the End of the Cretaceous.” This artist’s view shows the ancestral Gulf of Mexico near the present Yucatán peninsula as it was 65 m.y. -
Title: New Moldavites from SW Poland Author: Tomasz Brachaniec
Title: New moldavites from SW Poland Author: Tomasz Brachaniec, Krzysztof Szopa, Łukasz Karwowski Citation style: Brachaniec Tomasz, Szopa Krzysztof, Karwowski Łukasz. (2016). New moldavites from SW Poland. "Acta Geologica Polonica" (Vol. 66, no. 1, (2016), s. 99-105), doi 10.1515/agp-2016-0005 Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 66 (2016), No. 1, pp. 99–105 DOI: 10.1515/agp-2016-0005 New moldavites from SW Poland TOMASZ BRACHANIEC, KRZYSZTOF SZOPA and ŁUKASZ KARWOWSKI Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography; Faculty of Earth Science; University of Silesia; Będzińska Str. 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. ABSTRACT: Brachaniec, T., Szopa, K. and Karwowski, Ł. 2016. New moldavites from SW Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (1), 99–105.Warszawa. Four newly discovered moldavites from the East and West Gozdnica pits, SW Poland, are characterized. All spec- imens, including other four, reported earlier, are from Upper Miocene fluvial sediments of the Gozdnica For- mation. Their weight varies between 0.529 and 1.196 g. The moldavites are bottle green in colour and have bub- bles and inclusions of lechatelierite. Low degree of corrosion suggests short river transport, apparently eastward from Lusatia. Key words: Moldavites; Tektites; Ries; Fluvial transport; Miocene; Poland. INTRODUCTION distinguish between the impact and terrestrial types of glasses: (1) the impact glass has a chemical composition Large impact craters are relatively rare in geologi- of one lithology or mixture of different rock types that cal record on the Earth. All over the world only 164 are present in the source basement (Dence 1971), (2) it crater structures are above 1 km in diameter and only 40 is characterized by the presence of lechatelierite (Stöf- with with more than 20 km in diameter (Earth Impact fler 1984), and (3) it has inclusions of shocked miner- Database).