DOCSLIB.ORG

Flynn Creek Crater, Tennessee: Final Report, by David J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flynn Creek Crater, Tennessee: Final Report, by David J 1967010060 ASTROGEOLOGIC STUDIES / ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT " July 1, 1965 to July 1, 1966 ° 'i t PART B - h . CRATERINVESTIGATIONS N 67_1_389 N 57-" .]9400 (ACCEC_ION [4U _" EiER! (THRU} .2_ / PP (PAGLS) (CO_ w ) _5 (NASA GR OR I"MX OR AD NUMBER) (_ATEGORY) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOQICAL SURVEY • iri i i i i iiii i i 1967010060-002 ASTROGEOLOGIC STUDIES ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT July i, 1965 to July I, 1966 PART B: CRATER INVESTIGATIONS November 1966 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclature. It should not be quoted without permission. This report concerns work done on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1967010060-003 • #' C OING PAGE ,BLANK NO/" FILMED. CONTENTS PART B--CRATER INVESTIGATIONS Page Introduction ........................ vii History and origin of the Flynn Creek crater, Tennessee: final report, by David J. Roddy .............. 1 Introductien ..................... 1 Geologic history of the Flynn Creek crater ....... 5 Origin of the Flynn Creek crater ............ ii Conc lusions ...................... 32 References cited .................... 35 Geology of the Sierra Madera structure, Texas: progress report, by H. G. Wilshire ............ 41_ Introduction ...................... 41 Stratigraphy ...................... 41 Petrography and chemical composition .......... 49 S truc ture ....................... 62 References cited ............. ...... 69 Some aspects of the Manicouagan Lake structure in Quebec, Canada, by Stephen H. Wolfe ................ 71 f Craters produced by missile impacts, by H. J. Moore ..... 79 Introduction ...................... 79 Experimental procedure ................. 80 Experimental results .................. 81 Summary ........................ 103 References cited .................... 103 Hypervelocity impact craters in pumice, by H. J. Moore and / F. G. Robertson ...................... 107/ Introduction ...................... 107 Experimental procedure ................. 107 Description ...................... 109 iii -- _ , mn_'--- "-'-_ !7' -'c'''_'_''''- '_'"""-.- ..... _ "--_ _- .... _ ' - _ I I | • Ilia 1967010060-004 Page Correlation of data .................. Iii Discussion of data ................... 121 Summary ........................ 124 References cited .................... 124 Compilation of data on craters produced by explosives, by Francis G. Robertson ................... 127 _'/ Introduction ...................... 127 Collection and recording of data ............ 128 Results ........................ 129 References cited ................. 134 Impact met_unorphism, by E. C. T. Chao ............ 135 Introduction ...................... 135 Diagnostic petrographic criteria of hypervelocity meteorite impact ................... 136 Progressive stages of meteorite impact metamorphism . 152 Implications of the sequence of phase transitions and estimated pressures and temperatures during passage of a shock wave ................... 161 Metamorphic features in meteorites and tektites and the study of returned lunar samples ......... 163 References cited ................... 164 Nickel-iron spherules from the Aouelloul glass of Mauritania, Africa, by E. C. T. Chao, E. J. Dwornik, and Celine W. Merrill .................... 169 f Large-scale plane wave shock experiments designed for sample recovery, by T. J. Ahrens, D. D. Keough, and D. J. Milton ....................... 181 _.__i Influence of stress history on low-temperature thermo- luminescence of halite, by Carl H. Roach ......... 189 P_- J Introduction and acknowledgments ........... 189 Theory of thermoluminescence .............. 190 Thermo luminescence measurements ............ 191 iv i l • "" _ -- _ --r___ _........... _. ,,_ .-.---- _-- ii_ i i ,, 1967010060-005 Page Experimental studies of shock- and stress-induced , low-temperature thermoluminescence in halite .... 196 I Project Gnome ..................... 202 Project Dribble, Salmon event ............. 217 Interpretation and geological application of results . 227 References cited ................... 229 fleology of the Moses Rock intrusion, San Juan County, Utah, by Thomas R. McGetchin .................. 231 Introduction and regional setting ......... 231 Moses Rock .................... 232 Structure of the dike ................ 232 Intrusive material ................. 234 Emplacement of the Moses Rock intrusion ....... 250 References cited ................... 253 V m- n 1967010060-006 : PRECEDING PAGE BLt, NK ]',,IOF FILMED, INTRODUCTION This Annual Report Js the sixth of a series describin_ the results of research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This report, which covers the period .July I, 1964 to July i, 1965, Is i_-_ four volumes correspondin_ to three main areas of research: Pa:t A, Lunar and Planetary Investigations; Part B, Crater Investigations; Part C, Cosmic Chemistry and PetroloFy ; and _Part D, Spacc Flight Investigations; and a map supplement. An additional volume presents in abstract form summaries of the papers in Parts A-D. The major long-range objectives of the astrogeologic studies program are to determine and map the stratigraphy and structure of the Moon's crust, to work out from these the sequence of events that led to the present condition of the Moon's surface, and to determine the processes by which these events took place. Work being carried out that leads toward these objectives includes a program of lunar geologic mapping; studies on the discrimination of geologic materials on the lunar surface by their photometric, polarimetric, and infrared properties; field studies of structures of impact, explosive, and volcanic origin; labor&tory studies on the behavior of rocks and minerals subjected to shock; and study of the chemical, petrographic and physical properties of materials of possible lunar origin and the development of special techniques for their analysis. Part B, Crater Investigations, contains the results of field and laboratory studies of craters and related phenomena. Field investigations have been made of naturally formed craters and roots of craters: _i) the Flynn Creek structure in east Tennessee, (2) the Sierra Madera structure in west Texas, (3) the Manicouagan Lake structure in Quebec, Canada, and (4) the Moses Rock diatreme in Utah. The first three are thought to be eroded impact structures; the fourth is the root of a maar-type crater. vii 1967010060-007 s Results of two experimental studies of impact craters are reported in (I) "Craters Produced by Missile Impacts," and (2) "Hypervelocity Impact Craters in Pumice"; a third paper provides a compilation of data cn craters formed by explosives. Another paper describes a new technique for field explosive shock experiments. Surmnaries of field and laboratory studies of shock-induced changes in rocks are given in three papers: (I) 'Impact Metamorphism," (2) "Nickel-Iron Spherules from the Aouelloul Glass of Mauritania, Africa," and (3) "Influence of Stress History on Low-Temperature Thermoluminescence of Halite." viii 1967010060-008 HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF THE FLYNN CREEK CRATER, TENNESSEE: FINAL REFORT N 57- 19390 By David J. Roddy .. INTRODUCTION The Flynn Creek structure in north-central Tennessee (fig. I) consists of a partly exhumed crater about 330 feet deep and 11,500 feet in diameter that is filled with breccia and Upper Devionian ! shale and Lower Misslsslpplan chert that were deposited after the crater formed. The crater is surrounded by a folded and faulted rim composed of Middle and Upper Ordnvlclan limestones, and its center is occupied by a hill of uplifte_ Lower Ordovlcian strata (figs. 2, 3). The origin of this unusual structure has been t_. subject of controversy for nearly a century Of the various ori_j$:_sproposed, i_pact and volcanic gas-phreatlc explosions have bee__ ,_i_gested as the most likely causes, _,tt only one shcrt, Inconcl_.,ve study _,as been actually directed _oward this problem (Wilscc ,nd Born, 193b). Most of the specific: information presented !,,_ was gath- ered during the recent study by- _he author, and i_ _, now appar- ent that the structural deformation _s very ,.nt,_,,_,._nd is restrict- ed to the area occupied by the crater and _.,_e_.,_rroundingstrata in the rim. The deformation and chaotic mixing ot fragments in the breccia, and the presence of a large ejected mass of breccia on the rim Imply the occurrence of at least one dynamic event, presum- ably violent in nature. The observed deformational features could have originated at r very near the ground surface during middle Paleozolc time, and only a moderate amount of erosion might have occurred before the crater was buried. Reconnaissance studies of -- several hundred square miles surrounding the Flynn Creek area show 1967010060-009 ill I ,,_'.",,,,, _ = \ _'_ r.. z \_s._ I o_ I ', "I ,.__ I i" . "'-...'>--, I ',"-....+.% ".,',...i _ _>. --... -% ,_ I _ - r,," _L""-..."<_%>.--.<,,".'-..._._ i , _. ,i__x:,_oI_ ,, ,, ,,,,,_,.,. _, I.-- ___ _"_ i, ".....-..'_---. I _ ._lg -"'- ' :'< -",i,-i ,-r"-----_ _ ._ _I .. -,,, _..-" I -- =_-.__I %->, I I i I _,-S'PO_ ._ I I "''_ I,_ " I I_ - __ it 2 l i : t IIN ..... III H -- -- _ I m 1967010060-010 I. 0 0 C _ 0 C0 0co 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _0 e-0 J 0 ,0_" 0 0 0_ _ t... ,._ _ ,_ ,_ _ _o O, , , ,..o m m m I _ _ I I Ji I 73A37 V35 _[- ', _,,', .__>0 ,00z 0 0 ,, (/)IZ (.9 X: L9 U..l ?n _ _, C" I..--
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidence for Impact-Generated Deposition
    EVIDENCE FOR IMPACT-GENERATED DEPOSITION ON THE LATE EOCENE SHORES OF GEORGIA by ROBERT SCOTT HARRIS (Under the direction of Michael F. Roden) ABSTRACT Modeling demonstrates that the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact would have been capable of depositing ejecta in east-central Georgia with thicknesses exceeding thirty centimeters. A coarse sand layer at the base of the Upper Eocene Dry Branch Formation was examined for shocked minerals. Universal stage measurements demonstrate that planar fabrics in some fine to medium sand-size quartz grains are parallel to planes commonly exploited by planar deformation features (PDF’s) in shocked quartz. Possible PDF’s are observed parallel to {10-13}, {10-11}, {10-12}, {11-22} and {51-61}. Petrographic identification of shocked quartz is supported by line broadening in X-ray diffraction experiments. Other impact ejecta recognized include possible ballen quartz, maskelynite, and reidite-bearing zircon grains. The layer is correlative with an unusual diamictite that contains goethite spherules similar to altered microkrystites. It may represent an impact-generated debris flow. These discoveries suggest that the Chesapeake Bay impact horizon is preserved in Georgia. The horizon also should be the source stratum for Georgia tektites. INDEX WORDS: Chesapeake Bay impact, Upper Eocene, Shocked quartz, Impact shock, Shocked zircon, Impact, Impact ejecta, North American tektites, Tektites, Georgiaites, Georgia Tektites, Planar deformation features, PDF’s, Georgia, Geology, Coastal Plain, Stratigraphy, Impact stratigraphy, Impact spherules, Goethite spherules, Diamictite, Twiggs Clay, Dry Branch Formation, Clinchfield Sand, Irwinton Sand, Reidite, Microkrystite, Cpx Spherules, Impact debris flow EVIDENCE FOR IMPACT-GENERATED DEPOSITION ON THE LATE EOCENE SHORES OF GEORGIA by ROBERT SCOTT HARRIS B.
    [Show full text]
  • 5. the Fossil Fuels: Petroleum I - Finding Oil
    5. The Fossil Fuels: Petroleum I - Finding Oil 5.1 Introduction Finding petroleum is a difficult and sometimes dangerous job. It involves a large number of individuals with a wide variety of skills. These include geologists, seismologists, various types of engineers and landmen. All of these individuals play vital but specific roles in the development and ultimate production of a play. This lab conveys just a portion of the complexities involved in this important search. Figure 1: Drill pipe stacked on an offshore platform ready for drilling (photo by Erin Campbell- Stone). This lab will investigate the: • different types of petroleum wells • difference between exploration and production • the costs of exploring and producing oil • the importance of understanding geology 1 of 121 The Fossil Fuels: Petroleum I - Finding Oil 5.2 Petroleum Geology 5.2.1 Petroleum Traps 5.2.1.1 Intro Petroleum is less dense than the other fluids, mainly water, that it occurs with in the subsurface. Consequently, with time, it rises upward. If it does not encounter an impermeable layer, it will rise all the way to the Earth's surface where the lighter fractions will evaporate. This produces the oil seeps and tar pits that were important sources of early petroleum products. To prevent its loss and to form an oil field, petroleum must be trapped before it reaches the surface and allowed to accumulate. This combination of natural geologic conditions is a hydrocarbon trap. Thus, oil and natural gas companies spend considerable time, effort and money looking for the right combination of geologic conditions that in the past may have produced a hydrocarbon trap.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogo Librario
    Catalogo librario centotre “L’albero di Irene” !"#$%$"&'("&)"'già Naturalistica via San Simone, 5 - 40126 BOLOGNA Telefono (051) 22.03.44 e 22.25.62 - Fax (051) 23.35.67 (h: 0-24) Orario : 10/19 (su appuntamento) - P.IVA 04117040370 email: [email protected] - Web: http://www.libnat.it PRINCIPALI ABBREVIAZIONI USATE A. Autore es. esemplare perg. pergamena AA.VV. Autori vari estr. (vedi sotto) estratto post. posteriore acc. acciaio f. fuori pp. pagine anast. anastatica ÀJ ÀJXUDH p.pag. piena pagina ant. anteriore fot. IRWRJUDÀH pref. prefazione antip. antiporta front. frontespizio ril. rilegato/ura autog. autografo/a f.t. fuori testo risg. risguardo/i gr. grande b. bianca/che ritr. ritratto bal. balacron ibid. ibidem. br. brossura id. idem riv. riveduto brunit. bruniture ill. illustrazione/i s.cop. senza copertina c.a circa impress. impressione/i s.d. senza data (di stampa) cat. catalogo inc. incisione/i s.l. senza luogo (di stampa) cart. cartonato/a inf. inferiore sovr. sovracoperta cc. carte leg. legatura str. stretto cicl. ciclostilato lit. OLWRJUDÀDFD sx. sinistra cof. cofanetto m. mezza t. tutto/a/i/e col. colore/i/ato/ate mod. moderno/a tass. tassello/i cop. copertina/e nn. non numerate tav. tavola/e cromolit FURPROLWRJUDÀDFR n.t. nel testo test. testatina/e num. numerose/i dis. disegno/i tip. WLSRJUDÀFDR dor. dorato/e/i num.me numerosissime dx. destra orig. originale tit. titolo edit. editoriale p. piena t.tela tutta tela ediz. edizione p. a r. prezzo a richiesta vol. volume ep. epoca perc. percallino, percalle xil. [LORJUDÀDHFRFKHFL Folio oltre 38 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions
    BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS Bibliography Unit Library & Technical Information Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Bombay 85. India 1970 We regret that some of the pages in the microfiche copy of this report may not be up to the proper legibility standards, even though the best possible copy was used for preparing the master fiche. FOREWORD The subject of peaceful uses of nuclear explosions hns been attracting increasing attention in view of i~s immense potentialities. The United States of America and the Soviet Union, which are among the countries most ad- vanced in the field of nuclear science and technology, have already conducted several experiments in this dire- ction and have several projects underway. The principai aim of the compilation of the present bibliography is to make available to the Indian scientists and engineers up-to-date information on the subject based upon all available literature. The bibliography comprises 685 references with in- formative abstracts. The main sources of information used for compiling it are .-Nuclear Science Abstracts, (NSA), primary journals and reports. Whenever USA is referred to, its volume and abstract numbers are given at the bottom of the abstract. In addition to the author and report number indexes, a list of major Plowshare events is also given. The compiler of this bibliography is Miss.ft.A.liagarathna of the IN IS Unit of the Library and Technical Information Section of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Although every effort has been cade to include all available pub- lished literature in this field till May 1970, omissions are inevitable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moon Beyond 2002: Next Steps in Lunar Science and Exploration
    The Moon Beyond 2002: Next Steps in Lunar Science and Exploration September 12-14, 2002 Taos, New Mexico Sponsors Los Alamos National laboratory The University of California Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (ICPP) Los Alamos Center for Space Science and Exploration Lunar and Planetary Institute Meeting Organizer David J. Lawrence (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Scientific Organizing Committee Mike Duke (Colorado School of Mines) Sarah Dunkin (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) Rick Elphic (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Ray Hawke (University of Hawai’i) Lon Hood (University of Arizona) Brad Jolliff (Washington University) David Lawrence (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Chip Shearer (University of New Mexico) Harrison Schmitt (University of Wisconsin) Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1128 Compiled in 2002 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2002) Title of abstract. In The Moon Beyond 2002: Next Steps in Lunar Science and Exploration, P. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1128, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. The volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling.
    [Show full text]
  • Esa Standard Document
    Technology Reference Study Final Report GRL The Gamma Ray Lens SCI-A/2005.058/GRL/CB Craig Brown July 2005 s Page 1 of 172 T ECHNOLOGY R EFERENCE S TUDIES The Science Payload and Advanced Concepts Office (SCI-A) at the European Space Agency (ESA) conducts Technology Reference Studies (TRSs), hypothetical science driven missions that are not currently part of the ESA science programme. Most science missions are in many ways very challenging from a technology point of view. It is critical that these technologies are identified as early as possible in order to ensure their development in a timely manner, as well as allowing the feasibility of a mission to be determined. Technology reference studies are used as a means to identify such technology developments. The Technology Reference Study begins by establishing a series of preliminary scientific requirements. From these requirements, a hypothetical mission is designed that is capable of achieving the scientific goals. Critical issues and mission drivers are identified from the new mission concept and, from these drivers, a series of technology development activities are recommended. One such TRS has been conducted on a Gamma Ray Lens (GRL) mission. The GRL is an ideal candidate for a TRS due to the challenging nature of the technologies involved with focusing gamma rays. Identifying the key areas requiring technology development in this field prepares for any future high-energy astrophysics mission that the science community may propose, as well as establishes common technology development requirements possibly shared by different science missions. s page 2 of 172 A BSTRACT This is the final report for the Gamma Ray Lens (GRL) technology reference study performed by SCI-AM.
    [Show full text]
  • Bob Farquhar
    1 2 Created by Bob Farquhar For and dedicated to my grandchildren, their children, and all humanity. This is Copyright material 3 Table of Contents Preface 4 Conclusions 6 Gadget 8 Making Bombs Tick 15 ‘Little Boy’ 25 ‘Fat Man’ 40 Effectiveness 49 Death By Radiation 52 Crossroads 55 Atomic Bomb Targets 66 Acheson–Lilienthal Report & Baruch Plan 68 The Tests 71 Guinea Pigs 92 Atomic Animals 96 Downwinders 100 The H-Bomb 109 Nukes in Space 119 Going Underground 124 Leaks and Vents 132 Turning Swords Into Plowshares 135 Nuclear Detonations by Other Countries 147 Cessation of Testing 159 Building Bombs 161 Delivering Bombs 178 Strategic Bombers 181 Nuclear Capable Tactical Aircraft 188 Missiles and MIRV’s 193 Naval Delivery 211 Stand-Off & Cruise Missiles 219 U.S. Nuclear Arsenal 229 Enduring Stockpile 246 Nuclear Treaties 251 Duck and Cover 255 Let’s Nuke Des Moines! 265 Conclusion 270 Lest We Forget 274 The Beginning or The End? 280 Update: 7/1/12 Copyright © 2012 rbf 4 Preface 5 Hey there, I’m Ralph. That’s my dog Spot over there. Welcome to the not-so-wonderful world of nuclear weaponry. This book is a journey from 1945 when the first atomic bomb was detonated in the New Mexico desert to where we are today. It’s an interesting and sometimes bizarre journey. It can also be horribly frightening. Today, there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the civilized world several times over. Over 23,000. “Enough to make the rubble bounce,” Winston Churchill said. The United States alone has over 10,000 warheads in what’s called the ‘enduring stockpile.’ In my time, we took care of things Mano-a-Mano.
    [Show full text]
  • First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
    FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARS POLAR SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION Held at The Episcopal Conference Center at Carnp Allen, Texas Sponsored by Geological Survey of Canada International Glaciological Society Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Organizers Stephen Clifford, Lunar and Planetary Institute David Fisher, Geological Survey of Canada James Rice, NASA Ames Research Center LPI Contribution No. 953 Compiled in 1998 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (1998) Title of abstract. In First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, p. xx. LPI Contribution No. 953, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1 113 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. LPI Contribution No. 953 iii Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, October 18-22? 1998. The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of Terrestrial Members E. Blake (Icefield Instruments), G. Clow (U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, Denver), D. Dahl-Jensen (University of Copenhagen), K. Kuivinen (University of Nebraska), J.
    [Show full text]
  • Nevada Offsites Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program – 9424
    WM2009 Conference, March 1-5, 2009 Phoenix, AZ Nevada Offsites Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program – 9424 M. Kautsky U.S. Department of Energy 2597 B3/4 Rd. Grand Junction, CO 81503 L.H. Branstetter Colorado State University 2349 Hampshire Court Fort Collins, CO 80526 R.A. Hodges, R. Findlay, D.M. Peterson S.M. Stoller Corp. 2597 B3/4 Rd. Grand Junction, CO 81503 J.R. Craig, J. Dayvault U.S. Department of Energy 2597 B3/4 Rd. Grand Junction, CO 81503 ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management has long-term stewardship responsibility for DOE’s Nevada Offsites Project. The Nevada Offsites consist of eight sites, outside the boundaries of the Nevada Test Site, where underground nuclear tests were conducted between 1961 and 1973. The eight Nevada Offsites are Amchitka (Alaska), Shoal and Central Nevada Test Area (Nevada), Rio Blanco and Rulison (Colorado), Gasbuggy and Gnome-Coach (New Mexico), and Salmon (Mississippi). The underground tests resulted in the release of multiple radionuclides to the detonation zone (cavity, chimney, and nuclear-fractured region); however, tritium is the most likely contaminant to migrate significant distances from the detonation zone because of its occurrence both as tritiated liquid water, which moves with ground water, and as tritiated water vapor. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted environmental sampling and long-term monitoring for tritium and other radionuclides since 1972 at the Nevada Offsites under the Long-Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program (LTHMP). The objectives of the monitoring were to detect denotation- related radionuclides, track the fate and transport of other constituents, ensure public safety, inform the public and the news media, and document compliance with state and federal regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey
    Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1274 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey Compiled by Kathleen K. Gohn Circular 1274 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 Free on application to U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Gohn, Kathleen K., comp., 2004, Celebrating 125 years of the U.S. Geological Survey : U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1274, 56 p. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 2001051109 ISBN 0-607-86197-5 iii Message from the Today, the USGS continues respond as new environmental to map, measure, and monitor challenges and concerns emerge Director our land and its resources and and to seize new enhancements to conduct research that builds to information technology that In the 125 years since its fundamental knowledge about make producing and present- creation, the U.S. Geological the Earth, its resources, and its ing our science both easier and Survey (USGS) has provided processes, contributing relevant faster.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tennessee Meteorite Impact Sites and Changing Perspectives on Impact Cratering
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND THE TENNESSEE METEORITE IMPACT SITES AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT CRATERING A dissertation submitted by Janaruth Harling Ford B.A. Cum Laude (Vanderbilt University), M. Astron. (University of Western Sydney) For the award of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT Terrestrial impact structures offer astronomers and geologists opportunities to study the impact cratering process. Tennessee has four structures of interest. Information gained over the last century and a half concerning these sites is scattered throughout astronomical, geological and other specialized scientific journals, books, and literature, some of which are elusive. Gathering and compiling this widely- spread information into one historical document benefits the scientific community in general. The Wells Creek Structure is a proven impact site, and has been referred to as the ‘syntype’ cryptoexplosion structure for the United State. It was the first impact structure in the United States in which shatter cones were identified and was probably the subject of the first detailed geological report on a cryptoexplosive structure in the United States. The Wells Creek Structure displays bilateral symmetry, and three smaller ‘craters’ lie to the north of the main Wells Creek structure along its axis of symmetry. The question remains as to whether or not these structures have a common origin with the Wells Creek structure. The Flynn Creek Structure, another proven impact site, was first mentioned as a site of disturbance in Safford’s 1869 report on the geology of Tennessee. It has been noted as the terrestrial feature that bears the closest resemblance to a typical lunar crater, even though it is the probable result of a shallow marine impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Nördlingen 2010: the Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration, P
    Program and Abstract Volume LPI Contribution No. 1559 The Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration June 25–27, 2010 Nördlingen, Germany Sponsors Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany Institut für Planetologie, University of Münster, Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR (German Aerospace Center) at Berlin, Germany Institute of Geoscience, University of Freiburg, Germany Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), Houston, USA Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Science Foundation), Bonn, Germany Barringer Crater Company, Decatur, USA Meteoritical Society, USA City of Nördlingen, Germany Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen, Germany Community of Otting, Ries, Germany Märker Cement Factory, Harburg, Germany Local Organization City of Nördlingen Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz- Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Center of Ries Crater and Impact Research (ZERIN), Nördlingen Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Community of Otting, Ries Märker Cement Factory, Harburg Organizing and Program Committee Prof. Dieter Stöffler, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Prof. Wolf Uwe Reimold, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Dr. Kai Wünnemann, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Hermann Faul, First Major of Nördlingen Prof. Thomas Kenkmann, Freiburg Prof. Harald Hiesinger, Münster Prof. Tilman Spohn, DLR, Berlin Dr. Ulrich Köhler, DLR, Berlin Dr. David Kring, LPI, Houston Dr. Axel Wittmann, LPI, Houston Gisela Pösges, Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Ralf Barfeld, Chair, Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum Lunar and Planetary Institute LPI Contribution No. 1559 Compiled in 2010 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    [Show full text]