Chronology of Religion in Japan
Chronology of Religion in Japan Explanatory Notes Caveats, and Acknowledgements ca. (circa, “about”) is placed before dates that may be inexact or that are based on scholarly conjecture. ? (“questionable”) is placed after dates, proper names, and events that might not have existed, that are subject to dispute, or that supposedly occurred prior to 680 but for which the only evidence is later Japanese texts, such as Kojiki 古事記 (712), Nihon shoki 日本書紀 (720), Gangōji engi 元興寺縁起 (747), Fusō ryakki 扶桑略記 (ca. 1180), etcetera. Asterisks identify events primarily associated with places beyond the Japanese archipelago, such as the Asian mainland or China (*), with the Korean peninsula (**), or elsewhere (***). This chronology originated as private notes compiled as an aid for my own memory. It is biased, therefore, toward subjects of interest to me. It largely reproduces without modification or critical analysis the format and structure of conventional chronologies produced in Japan. It is a chronology of events, not of processes. Nonetheless, many of the events listed herein might be more accurately regarded as being representative of complex processes that actually spanned many years or decades. Moreover, many other events (usually those with question marks, such as the instatement of Jinmu in 660 BCE) should not be accepted as historical facts, but regarded as historically influential fictions that tell us more about the concerns of the later chroniclers who wrote of them than about the times when they supposedly occurred. Be forewarned: it is not the purpose of this chronology to determine which of these events might be more or less plausible. Entries for these events frequently use the same anachronistic terminology (e.g., tennō 天皇 for “sovereign”) as found in the later texts cited therein.
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