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Das Europa Der Arbeiter: Leitbilder Gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik Bis in Die Mitte Der 1970Er Jahre

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Das Europa Der Arbeiter: Leitbilder Gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik Bis in Die Mitte Der 1970Er Jahre A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Fattmann, Rainer Research Report Das Europa der Arbeiter: Leitbilder gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre Study der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, No. 387 Provided in Cooperation with: The Hans Böckler Foundation Suggested Citation: Fattmann, Rainer (2018) : Das Europa der Arbeiter: Leitbilder gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre, Study der Hans-Böckler- Stiftung, No. 387, ISBN 978-3-86593-299-0, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/179249 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/de/legalcode www.econstor.eu STUDY Nr. 387 · Mai 2018 DAS EUROPA DER ARBEITER Leitbilder gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre Rainer Fattmann Dieser Band erscheint als 387. Band der Reihe Study der Hans-Böckler- Stiftung. Die Reihe Study führt mit fortlaufender Zählung die Buchreihe „edition Hans-Böckler-Stiftung“ in elektronischer Form weiter. STUDY Nr. 387 · Mai 2018 DAS EUROPA DER ARBEITER Leitbilder gewerkschaftlicher Europapolitik bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre Rainer Fattmann Der Autor Rainer Fattmann ist Historiker und wissenschaftlicher Publizist. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören die Geschichte der Arbeiter und der Arbeiterbewegung auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene, die Geschichte der Angestellten und Beamten sowie medien- und bildungshistorische Frage- stellungen. © 2018 by Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Hans-Böckler-Straße 39, 40476 Düsseldorf www.boeckler.de Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (BY). Diese Lizenz erlaubt unter Voraussetzung der Namensnennung des Urhebers die Bearbeitung, Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung des Materials in jedem Format oder Medium für beliebige Zwecke, auch kommerziell. (Lizenztext: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/de/legalcode) Die Bedingungen der Creative-Commons-Lizenz gelten nur für Original- material. Die Wiederverwendung von Material aus anderen Quellen (gekenn- zeichnet mit Quellenangabe) wie z. B. von Schaubildern, Abbildungen, Fotos und Textauszügen erfordert ggf. weitere Nutzungsgenehmigungen durch den jeweiligen Rechteinhaber. Satz: DOPPELPUNKT, Stuttgart ISBN: 978-3-86593-299-0 INHALT Einleitung: Charakter der Darstellung – Forschungsstand – Fragestellung 9 I GEWERKSCHAFTLICHER INTERNATIO NA LISMUS UND GEWERKSCHAFTLICHE „EUROPAPOLITIK“ VOR 1945 1 Der Internationalismus der Arbeiter bewegung und die Gewerkschaften vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg 39 1.1 Die Gewerkschaften als Akteure innerhalb der Zweiten Internationale und die internationale Gewerkschaftsbewegung vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg 40 1.2 Ziele und internationale Ordnungsvorstellungen der Zweiten Internationale 44 1.3 Friedensidee und sozialistische Vorstellungen einer Einigung Europas vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg 48 1.4 Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Vorstellungen der (gewerkschaftlichen) Arbeiterbewegung über die internationale Neu ordnung nach dem Krieg 52 2 Internationale Ordnungsvorstellungen und Aktivitäten europäischer Gewerkschaften 1919–1933 56 2.1 Die Neugründung des IGB in Amsterdam 56 2.2 Exkurs: Die christlichen Gewerkschaften als Akteure internationaler Politik und der IBCG 58 2.3 Die Vorstellungen des IGB über eine internationale Friedensordnung: Der Völkerbund 62 2.4 Die Vorstellungen des IGB über eine internationale Sozialordnung: Die Internationale Arbeitsorganisation 67 2.5 Der IGB als Garant des Friedens zwischen den Völkern? 71 5 3 Und Europa? Die Beteiligung gewerkschaftlicher Akteure am Europadiskurs und die „Europapolitik“ der Gewerkschaften vor 1933 75 3.1 Die Anfänge der europäischen Bewegung und die Europadiskussion in den 1920er Jahren 76 3.2 Gewerkschaftliche Beiträge zur Europadebatte der Zwischenkriegszeit 82 3.3 Europa sozial gestalten 84 3.4 Gewerkschaftliche Europapolitik in der Praxis: Die Reparationsfrage, europäische Verständigungs- politik und der Geist von Locarno 86 3.5 Die Grenzen des europapolitischen Engagements 88 4 Der Europadiskurs im Exil und im Widerstand gegen Nationalsozialismus und Faschismus 91 5 Zwischenresümee 98 II DIE GEWERKSCHAFTEN UND EUROPA NACH 1945: EUROPAPOLITISCHE LEITBILDER – EUROPAPOLITISCHE ERFAHRUNGEN 1 Voraussetzungen: Die Gewerkschaftslandschaft im (späteren) „Europa der Sechs“ 103 1.1 Der organisatorische Neuaufbau der Gewerk- schaften in den späteren Gründungsstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaften 105 1.2 Die gewerkschaftlichen Spitzenfunktionäre – personelle und programmatische Kontinuitäten 120 2 Erneute gewerkschaftliche Europa bekenntnisse in der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit 131 2.1 Westdeutschland 132 2.2 Frankreich 133 2.3 Italien 139 2.4 FGBT, NVV und CGT-L: Die freien Gewerk- schaften, die Benelux-Gemeinschaft und die europäische Einigung 141 2.5 Die christliche Gewerkschaftsbewegung und die Europa-Idee 144 6 3 Gewerkschaftsvertreter in der Europabewegung: Über den Haager Kongress bis zum „Aktionskomitee für die Vereinigten Staaten von Europa“ Jean Monnets 147 3.1 Die „Union europäischer Föderalisten“ 148 3.2 Nouvelles Equipes Internationales und der „Mouvement des Travailleurs Chrétiens d‘Europe“ 150 3.3 Die sozialistische Europabewegung 151 3.4 Gewerkschaftliche Repräsentanten auf dem Haager Europa-Kongress: Ein Europa für und durch die Arbeiter? 154 3.5 Der weitere Weg der Europabewegung und die Gewerkschaften 159 3.6 Jean Monnets „Aktionskomitee für die Vereinigten Staaten von Europa“ und die Gewerkschaftsbewegung 162 4 Europäische Gewerkschaftspolitik in der Praxis und der Beginn organisierter zwischengewerkschaftlicher Kooperation auf europäischer Ebene nach 1945: Marshall-Plan, Ruhrstatut und die „Intersyndicale de la Ruhr“ 165 4.1 Die Anfänge internationaler zwischengewerk- schaftlicher Zusammenarbeit auf europäischer Ebene im „Gewerkschaft lichen Beratungs- ausschusses für den europäischen Hilfsplan“ 165 4.2 Das Ruhrstatut und die „Intersyndicale de la Ruhr“ 170 5 Gewerkschaften und Schuman-Plan 178 6 Die Gewerkschaften und die Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl: Erfahrungen, gemeinschaftsbezogene Interessen politik und politische Leitvorstellungen 186 6.1 Institutionelle und organisatorische Rahmen- bedingungen gewerkschaftlicher Interessenpolitik im Montaneuropa der Sechs: Die Hohe Behörde 187 6.2 Die Gemeinsame Versammlung und der Beratende Ausschuss 188 6.3 Die organisatorische Antwort der Gewerkschaften auf die Montanunuion: der „21er-Ausschuss“ und die „Fédération des Syndicats Chrétiens dans la CECA“ 189 7 6.4 Die sozialpolitische Ausgestaltung der EGKS als gewerkschaftliche Schlüsselforderung 193 7 Von der Konferenz von Messina zu den Römischen Verträgen: Die Rolle der nichtkommunistischen Gewerkschaften auf dem Weg zum „EWG-Europa“ (1958–1973) 198 8 Die Gewerkschaften und „EWG-Europa“ (1958–1973): Die Erfahrungen mit den Institutionen, gemein- schaftsbezogene Interessenpolitik und politische Leit- vorstellungen 204 8.1 Die Kommission 204 8.2 Parlament, WSA und Gewerkschaften 210 8.3 Die Gründung des Europäischen Gewerkschafts- sekretariats (EGS) und der Europäischen Regional- organisation des IBCG 214 8.4 Integrierte Gewerkschaftsstrukturen: Die Gründung des EBFG und der Europäischen Organisation des Weltverbands der Arbeit 217 8.5 Ideologisch zersplittert? Die christlichen und freien Gewerkschaften auf der europäischen Ebene bis zur Gründung des Europäischen Gewerkschaftsbundes 219 8.6 Exkurs: Sektorale Gewerkschaftspolitik innerhalb der EWG: Die europäischen Gewerkschaften und die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) 222 8.7 Gewerkschaftliche Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik innerhalb der EWG/EG und die Grenzen gewerk- schaftlicher Europapolitik im Europa der Sechs 229 8.8 Zersplittert vereint: Der Europäischen Gewerkschafts- bund und das Ende des europapolitischen Konsens innerhalb der Gewerkschaftsbewegung 237 9 Abschließende Betrachtung und Fazit 240 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 247 Literatur 250 8 EINLEITUNG: CHARAKTER DER DARSTELLUNG – FORSCHUNGSSTAND – FRAGESTELLUNG Der europäische Einigungsprozess gilt vielen bis heute als ein von zivilgesell- schaftlichen Akteuren weitgehend abgekoppeltes Projekt politischer Eliten. Auch in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur dominiert das Narrativ, dieser sei im Wesentlichen durch nationale Regierungen und eine Handvoll weitblicken- der Staatsmänner oder allenfalls durch gewisse Netzwerke genuin parteipoli- tischer Akteure geprägt und vorangetrieben
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