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2004 Gamers' Hardware Upgrade Guide
Ace’s Hardware 2004 Gamers’ Hardware Upgrade Guide 2004 Gamers’ Hardware Upgrade Guide By Johan De Gelas – January 2004 Introduction Last week, we showed you a preview of the Athlon 64 3400+. Today, we'll investigate this new CPU as an upgrade to an existing system. How much performance do you gain when upgrading? What about the other features aside from performance, such as Cool'n'Quiet and more thermal and mechanical safety? As always, we start with a base system to be upgraded. This time around, our base system is equipped with an Athlon XP 2100+, as previous polls among our readers show that the faster versions of the Athlon XP "Palomino" were very popular in the early days of 2003. Now in 2004, Palomino is getting a little long in the tooth, so it's interesting to know whether or not an upgrade may be worthwhile. Our old system also contains a GeForce Ti 4200 and 512 MB of DDR266 (PC2100) memory. We will upgrade the CPU (to the Athlon 4 3400+) and memory (to DDR400 CAS 2) and compare that upgrade with one that simply upgrades the video card. As mentioned previously, we've done this before in many of our Gamer's Upgrade Guides. However, the gaming industry is not sitting still, and we are moving from hybrid DirectX 7/8 games to DirectX 8/9 games, which - as you will see - behave quite differently. The games you'll see tested in detail today are Halo 1.03, Return to Castle Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, and X²- The Threat. -
User's Manual User's Manual
User’s Manual (English Edition) Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 CPU AMD Athlon/ Duron/Athlon XP Socket 462 CPU AMD Athlon 64 Socket 754 CPU ZM-WB2 Gold * Please read before installation http://www.zalman.co.kr http://www.zalmanusa.com 1. Features 1) Gold plated pure copper base maximizes cooling performance and prevents CPU blocks from galvanic corrosion 2) Intel Pentium 4 (Socket 478), AMD Athlon/Duron/Athlon XP (Socket 462),Athlon 64 (Socket 754) compatible design for broad compatibility. 3) Three types of compression fitting are offered for use with water tubes (8X10mm,8X11mm,10X13mm) * Zalman Tech. Co., Ltd. is not responsible for any damage resulting from CPU OVERCLOCKING. 2. Specifications Part No Part name Q’ ty Weight (g) Use 1 CPU block 1 447.0 CPU mountimg 2 Hand screw 2 8.0 Clip mountimg 3 Thermal grease 1 1.8 Apply to cpu core 4 Clip 1 9.6 CPU block mountimg 5 User’s manual 1 6 Clip supports 2 8.2 Socket 478 7 Clip supports A 2 5.0 Socket 462 8 Clip supports B 2 5.0 Socket 462 9 Bolts 4 0.8 Clip supports, A, B-type 10 Paper washer 1 set 7, 8 mountimg 11 Nipple 2 6.2 Socket 754 mountimg 12 Back plate 60.0 Socket 754 mountimg Fitting to 13 Fitting 3 set 8 x 10mm, 8 x 11mm, 10 x 13mm tubes NOTE 1) The maximum weight for the cooler is specified as 450g/450g/300g for socket 478/754/462 respectively. Special care should be taken when moving a computer equipped with a cooler which exceeds the relevant weight limit. -
AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D
5 4 3 2 1 AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D NOTES: Page Index Page Index ------- -------------------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------- 1) This schematic supports the AMD Socket AM2 CPU devices. 1 Cover Page 17 SB600 PCIe, PCI, LPC, Straps, & CPU Control 2) These are "Reference Schematics" and as such they have 2 Revision History 18 SB600 ACPI, GPIO, USB, and Audio Interfaces not been verified by an actual board build. 3 Block Diagram 19 SB SATA, IDE, SPI, and HW Management Interfaces 3) This reference schematic supports AMD M960T revision 4 Clock Structure 20 SB600 Power A12 or later. If A12 or later revision is not used, please 5 Power Configuration (1) 21 CRT Connector see your customer support representative for the 6 Power Configuration (2) 22 Broadcom Ethernet Controller necessary application notes for workarounds. 7 Reset & Voltage Sequence 23 Realtek Audio Codec C 4) This reference schematic supports SB600 revision 8 Socket AM2 HT Interface 24 LPC BIOS C A21 or later. If A21 or later revision is not used, please 9 Socket AM2 DDRII Memory Interface 25 USB Power and Connectors see your customer support representative for the 10 Socket AM2 Control & Debug 26 Power Main System, SB600 PCIe, & Other necessary application notes for workarounds. 11 Socket AM2 Power & Ground 27 Standby Power & Powergood 5) Unless otherwise specified, resistors have 5% tolerance. 12 SODIMM DDR2 28 Power for CPU Core 13 M690T HT, PCI, PCIe(R), PCIe Graphics Port 29 Power for DDR2 Memory and Interface 6) Unless otherwise specified, capacitors have 20% tolerance. 14 M690T PLL and Video Interface 30 Power M690T Core, PCIe Interface 15 M690T Power and Side Port Memory Interface 31 Unused Interfaces 16 Clock Generator IMPORTANT NOTICE: B 1. -
Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD Semprontm Processors
Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors 27 September 2004 Page 1/5 Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors ©2004 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products and are for information purposes only. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppels or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights are granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS OR OMISSIONS THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS INFORMATION. AMD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL AMD BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OR OPERATION OF ANY PERSON’S SYSTEM, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, DAMAGE TO OR DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY, OR LOSS OF PROGRAMS OR OTHER DATA, EVEN IF AMD IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -
Communication Theory II
Microprocessor (COM 9323) Lecture 2: Review on Intel Family Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt Feb 17th, 2016 1 Text Book/References Textbook: 1. The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 8th edition, Barry B. Brey, Prentice Hall, 2009 2. Assembly Language for x86 processors, 6th edition, K. R. Irvine, Prentice Hall, 2011 References: 1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th edition, J. Hennessy, D. Patterson, Elsevier, 2012. 2. The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 3. The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing, 4th edition, M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi, Prentice Hall, 2003 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the various 80X86 and Pentium family members 2. Define the contents of the memory system in the personal computer 3. Convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Differentiate and represent numeric and alphabetic information as integers, floating-point, BCD, and ASCII data 5. Understand basic computer terminology (bit, byte, data, real memory system, protected mode memory system, Windows, DOS, I/O) 3 Brief History of the Computers o1946 The first generation of Computer ENIAC (Electrical and Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was started to be used based on the vacuum tube technology, University of Pennsylvania o1970s entire CPU was put in a single chip. (1971 the first microprocessor of Intel 4004 (4-bit data bus and 2300 transistors and 45 instructions) 4 Brief History of the Computers (cont’d) oLate 1970s Intel 8080/85 appeared with 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus and used from traffic light controllers to homemade computers (8085: 246 instruction set, RISC*) o1981 First PC was introduced by IBM with Intel 8088 (CISC**: over 20,000 instructions) microprocessor oMotorola emerged with 6800. -
User's Manual
User’s Manual (English version) CNPS9500 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 CPU Intel Dual Core Pentium/Pentium 4 Socket 775 CPU AMD Sempron/AMD64 (Athlon 64 X2/Opteron/Athlon 64) Socket 754/939/940 CPU * Applies to all versions of CNPS9500. * Please read before installation. http://www.zalman.co.kr http://www.zalmanusa.com 1. Features 1) 100% copper heatsink with aerodynamically optimized “tunnel” design for maximum cooling efficiency. 2) Innovative and patented, curved heatpipe design for a heat transfer capacity of up to 6 heatpipes with just 3. 3) Optimized heatsink layout for maximum cooling efficiency with minimal materials. 4) 0.2mm ultra-slim fins for minimized weight and reduced airflow resistance. 5) Ultra quiet CNPS 92mm opaque fan with blue LEDs. 6) Aerodynamically optimized heatsink for smoother airflow and minimal noise. 7) Compatible CPUs (Refer to “7. Compatible CPUs” on page 3. for more information.) - Intel : All Dual Core Pentium CPUs (Socket 775) All Pentium 4 CPUs (Socket 775/478) - AMD : All Dual Core AMD Athlon 64 X2 CPUs (Socket 939) All AMD Sempron/AMD64 CPUs (Socket 754/939/940) 8) Adjustable fan speed controller (FAN MATE 2) enables control of noise and fan speed. 2. Specifications 1) Flower Heatsink (FHS) Spec. Model CNPS9500 Materials Pure Copper Weight(g) 530(1) Thermal Resistance Silent Mode 0.16 (°C/W ) Normal Mode 0.12 Dimensions (mm) 85(L) X 112(W) X 125(H) Dissipation Area (㎠) 3,698 2) Fan - Bearing Type : 2-Ball - Rotation Speed : 1,350RPM ± 10 % (Silent Mode) 2,600RPM ± 10 % (Low-noise Mode) - Noise (dB) : 18.0dB ± 10% (Silent Mode) - measured at 1m from noise source 27.5dB ± 10% (Low-noise mode) - measured at 1m from noise source 3) FAN MATE 2 - Output Voltage : 5V ~ 11V ± 2 % - Allowable Power : 6W or lower (Note 1) The maximum weight for a cooler is specified as 450g for Intel Socket 775 and AMD Socket 754/939/940. -
Motherboard Basics
MOTHERBOARD BASICS A recent Tech Tip covered the basics of selecting a computer caseand made mention of the various sizes that correspond to motherboards of different form factors. A few people wrote in expressing interest in understanding more about the basics of motherboards, and that’s exactly what this Tech Tip intends to address. A motherboard, also known as a main board, is the primary circuit board inside of a computer, and is where the central processing unit (CPU), memory, expansion slots, drives, and other peripheral devices are connected. The circuitry on a motherboard facilitates the communication between all of the devices in the computer, making them as critical to a system’s performance as items such as the CPU or memory. The core circuitry of a motherboard is referred to as its chipset, and generally the manufacturer of the motherboard is not the manufacturer of the chipset. Intel does produce motherboards with their own chipsets, but buying a motherboard brand such as Gigabyte, Biostar, and ASUS means getting a board with either a VIA, Nvidia, SIS, or Intel brand chipset. 1. Form Factor The different basic shapes and sizes of motherboards are categorized as form factors. There are several standard form factors available, but some of the more common ones found in desktop computers include: (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/atx2_2.pdf), ATX (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/matxspe1.2.pdf), Micro ATX (mATX) (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/FlexATXaddn1_0.pdf) FlexATX (http://www.via.com.tw/en/initiatives/spearhead/mini-itx/) and Mini-ITX The basic sizes of each are as follows: ATX: 12" x 9.6" (305mm x 244mm) Micro ATX: 9.6" x 9.6" (244mm x 244mm) FlexATX: 9.0" x 7.5" (229mm x 191mm) Mini ITX: 6.7" x 6.7" (170mm x 170mm) ATX and mATX are by far the most popular motherboard sizes for desktop computers, and as seen in the list above, are also some of the largest. -
AMD Opteron™ 4000 Series Platform Quick Reference Guide
AMD Opteron™ 4000 Series Platform Quick Reference Guide The AMD Opteron™ 4100 Series processor, the world’s lowest power per core processor1, sets the foundation for cloud workloads and affordability for mainstream infrastructure servers with prices starting at $992. AMD Opteron™ 4100 Series Processor END USER BENEFITS Outstanding Performance-Per-Watt > Designed from the ground up to handle demanding server workloads at the lowest available energy draw, beating the competition by as much as 40% (per/core).1 Business Value > The world’s first 1P and 2P capable processor at sub $100 pricing.2 Easy to Purchase and Operate > Scalable solutions with feature, component and platform consistency. PRODUCT FEATURES New AMD-P 2.0 Power Savings Features: > Ultra-low power platforms provide power efficiency beyond just the processor, 3 SOUNDBITE for both 1P and 2P server configurations. THE WORLD’S LOWEST POWER PER CORE SERVER PROCESSOR1 > APML (Advanced Platform Management Link)4 provides an interface for processor and systems management monitoring and controlling of system resources such as platform power Quick Features consumption via p-state limits and CPU thermals to closely monitor power and cooling. AMD-P 2.0: > Link Width PowerCap which changes all 16-bit links to 8-bit links5 can help power conscious Ultra-low power platform > customers improve performance-per-watt. > Advanced Platform Management Link (APML)4 > AMD CoolSpeed Technology reduces p-states when a temperature limit is reached to allow a > Link Width PowerCap server to operate if the processor’s thermal environment exceeds safe operational limits. > AMD CoolSpeed Technology > When C1E5,6 is enabled, the cores, southbridge and memory controller enter a sleep state that > C1E6 can equate to significant power savings in the datacenter depending on system configuration. -
5 Microprocessors
Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs / Mike Meyers / 380-8 / Chapter 5 5 Microprocessors “MEGAHERTZ: This is a really, really big hertz.” —DAVE BARRY In this chapter, you will learn or all practical purposes, the terms microprocessor and central processing how to Funit (CPU) mean the same thing: it’s that big chip inside your computer ■ Identify the core components of a that many people often describe as the brain of the system. You know that CPU CPU makers name their microprocessors in a fashion similar to the automobile ■ Describe the relationship of CPUs and memory industry: CPU names get a make and a model, such as Intel Core i7 or AMD ■ Explain the varieties of modern Phenom II X4. But what’s happening inside the CPU to make it able to do the CPUs amazing things asked of it every time you step up to the keyboard? ■ Install and upgrade CPUs 124 P:\010Comp\BaseTech\380-8\ch05.vp Friday, December 18, 2009 4:59:24 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs / Mike Meyers / 380-8 / Chapter 5 Historical/Conceptual ■ CPU Core Components Although the computer might seem to act quite intelligently, comparing the CPU to a human brain hugely overstates its capabilities. A CPU functions more like a very powerful calculator than like a brain—but, oh, what a cal- culator! Today’s CPUs add, subtract, multiply, divide, and move billions of numbers per second. -
AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor Product Brief
AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor Product Brief Get powerful performance for your unique digital experience AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor Overview The AMD Athlon 64 processor is the first Windows®-compatible 64-bit PC processor. The AMD Athlon 64 processor runs on AMD64 technology, a revolutionary technology that allows the processor to run 32-bit applications at full speed while enabling a new generation of powerful 64- bit software applications. Advanced 64-bit operating systems designed for the AMD64 platform from Microsoft, Red Hat, SuSE, and TurboLinux have already been announced. With the introduction of the AMD Athlon 64 processor, AMD provides customers a solution that can address their current and future computing needs. As the first desktop PC processor to run on the AMD64 platform, the AMD Athlon 64 processor helps ensure superior performance on today’s software with readiness for the coming wave of 64-bit computing. With AMD64 technology, customers can embrace the new capabilities of 64-bit computing on their own terms and achieve compatibility with existing software and operating systems. Enhanced Virus Protection with Windows® XP Service Pack 2 With a unique combination of hardware and software technologies that offer you an added layer of protection, certain types of viruses don't stand a chance. The AMD Athlon 64 processor features Enhanced Virus Protection, when support by the OS*, and can help protect against viruses, worms, and other malicious attacks. When combined with protective software, Enhanced Virus Protection is part of an overall security solution that helps keep your information safer. Industry-leading performance for today’s software It 's not just about email, Web browsing and word processing anymore. -
AMD's Early Processor Lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8
AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) Dezső Sima October 2018 (Ver. 1.1) Sima Dezső, 2018 AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) • 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families • 2. AMD’s 32-bit x86 families • 3. Migration of 32-bit ISAs and microarchitectures to 64-bit • 4. Overview of AMD’s K8 – K10.5 (Hammer-based) families • 5. The K8 (Hammer) family • 6. The K10 Barcelona family • 7. The K10.5 Shanghai family • 8. The K10.5 Istambul family • 9. The K10.5-based Magny-Course/Lisbon family • 10. References 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (1) 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families AMD’s early x86 processor history [1] AMD’s own processors Second sourced processors 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (2) Evolution of AMD’s early processors [2] 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (3) Historical remarks 1) Beyond x86 processors AMD also designed and marketed two embedded processor families; • the 2900 family of bipolar, 4-bit slice microprocessors (1975-?) used in a number of processors, such as particular DEC 11 family models, and • the 29000 family (29K family) of CMOS, 32-bit embedded microcontrollers (1987-95). In late 1995 AMD cancelled their 29K family development and transferred the related design team to the firm’s K5 effort, in order to focus on x86 processors [3]. 2) Initially, AMD designed the Am386/486 processors that were clones of Intel’s processors. -
SMBIOS Specification
1 2 Document Identifier: DSP0134 3 Date: 2019-10-31 4 Version: 3.4.0a 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification Information for Work-in-Progress version: IMPORTANT: This document is not a standard. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the DMTF or its members. Because this document is a Work in Progress, this document may still change, perhaps profoundly and without notice. This document is available for public review and comment until superseded. Provide any comments through the DMTF Feedback Portal: http://www.dmtf.org/standards/feedback 7 Supersedes: 3.3.0 8 Document Class: Normative 9 Document Status: Work in Progress 10 Document Language: en-US 11 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 12 Copyright Notice 13 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2019 DMTF. All rights reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants.