SMBIOS Specification

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SMBIOS Specification 1 2 Document Identifier: DSP0134 3 Date: 2019-10-31 4 Version: 3.4.0a 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification Information for Work-in-Progress version: IMPORTANT: This document is not a standard. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the DMTF or its members. Because this document is a Work in Progress, this document may still change, perhaps profoundly and without notice. This document is available for public review and comment until superseded. Provide any comments through the DMTF Feedback Portal: http://www.dmtf.org/standards/feedback 7 Supersedes: 3.3.0 8 Document Class: Normative 9 Document Status: Work in Progress 10 Document Language: en-US 11 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 12 Copyright Notice 13 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2019 DMTF. All rights reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 23 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 24 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 25 incorporation thereof in its product, protocols or testing procedures. DMTF shall have no liability to any 26 party implementing such standard, whether such implementation is foreseeable or not, nor to any patent 27 owner or claimant, and shall have no liability or responsibility for costs or losses incurred if a standard is 28 withdrawn or modified after publication, and shall be indemnified and held harmless by any party 29 implementing the standard from any and all claims of infringement by a patent owner for such 30 implementations. 31 For information about patents held by third-parties which have notified the DMTF that, in their opinion, 32 such patent may relate to or impact implementations of DMTF standards, visit 33 http://www.dmtf.org/about/policies/disclosures.php. 34 This document’s normative language is English. Translation into other languages is permitted. 2 Work in Progress Version 3.4.0a DSP0134 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification 35 CONTENTS 36 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 37 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 10 38 Document conventions ........................................................................................................................ 10 39 Typographical conventions ....................................................................................................... 10 40 Document version number conventions ................................................................................... 10 41 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 13 42 1.1 Supported processor architectures ........................................................................................... 13 43 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 13 44 3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................................... 15 45 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .......................................................................................................... 15 46 5 Accessing SMBIOS information .......................................................................................................... 21 47 5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 21 48 5.2 Table convention ....................................................................................................................... 22 49 5.2.1 SMBIOS 2.1 (32-bit) Entry Point .................................................................................. 22 50 5.2.2 SMBIOS 3.0 (64-bit) Entry Point .................................................................................. 23 51 6 SMBIOS structures .............................................................................................................................. 25 52 6.1 Structure standards ................................................................................................................... 25 53 6.1.1 Structure evolution and usage guidelines .................................................................... 26 54 6.1.2 Structure header format ............................................................................................... 27 55 6.1.3 Text strings .................................................................................................................. 27 56 6.2 Required structures and data ................................................................................................... 28 57 6.3 SMBIOS fields and CIM MOF properties .................................................................................. 29 58 7 Structure definitions ............................................................................................................................. 30 59 7.1 BIOS Information (Type 0) ........................................................................................................ 30 60 7.1.1 BIOS Characteristics.................................................................................................... 32 61 7.1.2 BIOS Characteristics Extension Bytes......................................................................... 33 62 7.2 System Information (Type 1) .................................................................................................... 34 63 7.2.1 System — UUID ........................................................................................................... 35 64 7.2.2 System — Wake-up Type ............................................................................................ 36 65 7.3 Baseboard (or Module) Information (Type 2) ........................................................................... 36 66 7.3.1 Baseboard — feature flags .......................................................................................... 37 67 7.3.2 Baseboard — Board Type ........................................................................................... 38 68 7.4 System Enclosure or Chassis (Type 3) .................................................................................... 38 69 7.4.1 System Enclosure or Chassis Types ........................................................................... 40 70 7.4.2 System Enclosure or Chassis States........................................................................... 41 71 7.4.3 System Enclosure or Chassis Security Status ............................................................ 42 72 7.4.4 System Enclosure or Chassis — Contained Elements................................................ 42 73 7.5 Processor Information (Type 4) ................................................................................................ 43 74 7.5.1 Processor Information — Processor Type ................................................................... 46 75 7.5.2 Processor Information — Processor Family ................................................................ 47 76 7.5.3 Processor ID field format ............................................................................................. 53 77 7.5.4 Processor Information — Voltage ................................................................................ 54 78 7.5.5 Processor Information — Processor Upgrade ............................................................. 54 79 7.5.6 Processor Information — Core Count.......................................................................... 56 80 7.5.7 Processor Information — Core Enabled ...................................................................... 57 81 7.5.8 Processor Information — Thread Count ...................................................................... 57 82 7.5.9 Processor Characteristics ............................................................................................ 57 83 7.6 Memory Controller Information (Type 5, Obsolete) .................................................................. 58 84 7.6.1 Memory Controller Error Detecting Method ................................................................. 59 85 7.6.2 Memory Controller Error Correcting Capability
Recommended publications
  • 2004 Gamers' Hardware Upgrade Guide
    Ace’s Hardware 2004 Gamers’ Hardware Upgrade Guide 2004 Gamers’ Hardware Upgrade Guide By Johan De Gelas – January 2004 Introduction Last week, we showed you a preview of the Athlon 64 3400+. Today, we'll investigate this new CPU as an upgrade to an existing system. How much performance do you gain when upgrading? What about the other features aside from performance, such as Cool'n'Quiet and more thermal and mechanical safety? As always, we start with a base system to be upgraded. This time around, our base system is equipped with an Athlon XP 2100+, as previous polls among our readers show that the faster versions of the Athlon XP "Palomino" were very popular in the early days of 2003. Now in 2004, Palomino is getting a little long in the tooth, so it's interesting to know whether or not an upgrade may be worthwhile. Our old system also contains a GeForce Ti 4200 and 512 MB of DDR266 (PC2100) memory. We will upgrade the CPU (to the Athlon 4 3400+) and memory (to DDR400 CAS 2) and compare that upgrade with one that simply upgrades the video card. As mentioned previously, we've done this before in many of our Gamer's Upgrade Guides. However, the gaming industry is not sitting still, and we are moving from hybrid DirectX 7/8 games to DirectX 8/9 games, which - as you will see - behave quite differently. The games you'll see tested in detail today are Halo 1.03, Return to Castle Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, and X²- The Threat.
    [Show full text]
  • Titan X Amd 1.2 V4 Ig 20210319
    English TITAN X_AMD 1.2 Installation Guide V4 Parts List A CPU Water Block A A-1 BPTA-CPUMS-V2-SKA ..........1 pc A-1 A-2 A-2 Backplane assembly ..............1 set B Fittings B-1 BPTA-DOTFH1622 ...............4 pcs B-2 TA-F61 ...................................2 pcs B-3 BPTA-F95 ..............................2 pcs B-4 BP-RIGOS5 ...........................2 pcs B-5 TA-F60 ..................................2 pcs B-6 TA-F40 ..................................2 pcs C Accessory C-1 Hard tube ..............................2 pcs C-2 Fitting + soft tube ....................1 pc C-3 CPU set SCM3FL20 SPRING B SCM3F6 1mm Spacer Back Pad Paste Pad Metal Backplane M3x32mm Screw B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 C C-1 Hard Tube ※ The allowable variance in tube length is ± 2mm C-2 Fitting + soft tube Bitspower reserves the right to change the product design and interpretations. These are subject to change without notice. Product colors and accessories are based on the actual product. — 1 — I. AMD Motherboard system 54 AMD SOCKET 939 / 754 / 940 IN 48 AMD SOCKET AM4 AMD SOCKET AM3 / AM3+ AMD SOCKET AM2 / AM2+ AMD SOCKET FM1 / FM2+ Bitspower Fan and DRGB RF Remote Controller Hub (Not included) are now available at microcenter.com DRGB PIN on Motherboard or other equipment. 96 90 BPTA-RFCHUB The CPU water block has a DRGB cable, which AMD SOCKET AM4 AMD SOCKET AM3 AM3+ / AMD SOCKET AM2 AM2+ / AMD SOCKET FM1 / FM2+ can be connected to the DRGB extension cable of the radiator fans. Fan and DRGB RF Remote Motherboard Controller Hub (Not included) OUT DRGB LED Do not over-tighten the thumb screws Installation (SCM3FL20).
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Interface Material Comparison: Thermal Pads Vs
    Thermal Interface Material Comparison: Thermal Pads vs. Thermal Grease Publication # 26951 Revision: 3.00 Issue Date: April 2004 © 2004 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel, or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights are granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage may occur. AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products at any time without notice. Trademarks AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, AMD Opteron and combinations thereof, are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Other product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 User Guide
    i Pro Fortran Linux Absoft Pro Fortran User Guide Absoft Fortran Linux Fortran User Guide 5119 Highland Road, PMB 398 Waterford, MI 48327 U.S.A. Tel (248) 220-1190 Fax (248) 220-1194 [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form by any means, without the prior written permission of Absoft Corporation. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE. HOWEVER, ABSOFT CORPORATION MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OF WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRAM MATERIAL DESCRIBED HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FURTHER, ABSOFT RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REVISE THE PROGRAM MATERIAL AND MAKE CHANGES THEREIN FROM TIME TO TIME WITHOUT OBLIGATION TO NOTIFY THE PURCHASER OF THE REVISION OR CHANGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL ABSOFT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASER'S USE OF THE PROGRAM MATERIAL. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS — The software and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 252.227-7013. The contractor is Absoft Corporation, 2111 Cass Lake Rd. Ste 102, Keego Harbor, Michigan 48320. ABSOFT CORPORATION AND ITS LICENSOR(S) MAKE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE SOFTWARE. ABSOFT AND ITS LICENSOR(S) DO NOT WARRANT, GUARANTEE OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, CURRENTNESS, OR OTHERWISE.
    [Show full text]
  • Local, Compressed
    General Processor Information Copyright 1994-2000 Tom Burd Last Modified: May 2, 2000 (DISCLAIMER: SPEC performance numbers are the highest rated for a given processor version. Actual performance depends on the computer configuration, and may be less, even significantly less than, the numbers given here. Also note that non-italicized numbers may be company esti- mates of perforamnce when actual numbers are not available) SPEC-92 Pipe Cache (i/d) Tec Power (W) Date Bits Clock Units / Vdd M Size Xsistor Processor Source Stages h e (ship) (i/d) (MHz) Issue (V) (mm2) (106) int fp int/ldst/fp kB Assoc (um) t peak typ 5 - - 8086 [vi] 78 v/16 8 - - 1/1 1/1/na - - 5.0 3.0 0.029 10 - - 5 - - 8088 [vi] 79 v/16 1/1 1/1/na - - 5.0 3.0 0.029 8 - - 80186 [vi] 82 v/16 - - 1/1 1/1/na - - 5.0 1.5 6 - - 80286 [vi] 82 v/16 10 - - 1/1 1/1/na - - 5.0 1.5 0.134 12 - - Intel 85 16 x86 1.5 87 20 i386DX [vi] v/32 1/1 - - 5.0 0.275 88 25 6.5 1.9 89 33 8.4 3.0 1.0 2 [vi,41] 88 16 2.4 0.9 1.5 89 20 3.5 1.3 2 i386SX v/32 1/1 4/na/na - - 5.0 0.275 [vi] 89 25 4.6 1.9 1.0 92 33 6.2 3.3 ~2 43 90 20 3.5 1.3 i386SL [vi] v/32 1/1 4/na/na - - 5.0 1.0 2 0.855 91 25 4.6 1.9 SPEC-92 Pipe Cache (i/d) Tec Power (W) Date Bits Clock Units / Vdd M Size Xsistor Processor Source Stages h e (ship) (i/d) (MHz) Issue (V) (mm2) (106) int fp int/ldst/fp kB Assoc (um) t peak typ [vi] 89 25 14.2 6.7 1.0 2 i486DX [vi,45] 90 v/32 33 18.6 8.5 2/1 5/na/5? 8 u.
    [Show full text]
  • Vorbereitung Auf Comptia A+
    Markus Kammermann, Ramon Kratzer CompTIA A+ Systemtechnik und Support von A bis Z Vorbereitung auf die Prüfungen 220-901 und 220-902 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-95845-466-8 4. Auflage 2016 www.mitp.de E-Mail: [email protected] Telefon: +49 7953 / 7189 – 079 Telefax: +49 7953 / 7189 – 082 © 2016 mitp Verlags GmbH & Co. KG Dieses Werk, einschließlich aller seiner Teile, ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und straf- bar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspei- cherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Dieses Lehrmittel wurde für das CompTIA Authorized Curriculum durch ProCert Labs geprüft und ist CAQC-zertifiziert. Weitere Informationen zu dieser Qualifizierung erhalten Sie unter www.comptia.org/ certification/caqc/ sowie unter der Adresse www.procertlabs.com Das Bildmaterial in diesem Buch, soweit es nicht von uns selber erstellt
    [Show full text]
  • User's Manual User's Manual
    User’s Manual (English Edition) Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 CPU AMD Athlon/ Duron/Athlon XP Socket 462 CPU AMD Athlon 64 Socket 754 CPU ZM-WB2 Gold * Please read before installation http://www.zalman.co.kr http://www.zalmanusa.com 1. Features 1) Gold plated pure copper base maximizes cooling performance and prevents CPU blocks from galvanic corrosion 2) Intel Pentium 4 (Socket 478), AMD Athlon/Duron/Athlon XP (Socket 462),Athlon 64 (Socket 754) compatible design for broad compatibility. 3) Three types of compression fitting are offered for use with water tubes (8X10mm,8X11mm,10X13mm) * Zalman Tech. Co., Ltd. is not responsible for any damage resulting from CPU OVERCLOCKING. 2. Specifications Part No Part name Q’ ty Weight (g) Use 1 CPU block 1 447.0 CPU mountimg 2 Hand screw 2 8.0 Clip mountimg 3 Thermal grease 1 1.8 Apply to cpu core 4 Clip 1 9.6 CPU block mountimg 5 User’s manual 1 6 Clip supports 2 8.2 Socket 478 7 Clip supports A 2 5.0 Socket 462 8 Clip supports B 2 5.0 Socket 462 9 Bolts 4 0.8 Clip supports, A, B-type 10 Paper washer 1 set 7, 8 mountimg 11 Nipple 2 6.2 Socket 754 mountimg 12 Back plate 60.0 Socket 754 mountimg Fitting to 13 Fitting 3 set 8 x 10mm, 8 x 11mm, 10 x 13mm tubes NOTE 1) The maximum weight for the cooler is specified as 450g/450g/300g for socket 478/754/462 respectively. Special care should be taken when moving a computer equipped with a cooler which exceeds the relevant weight limit.
    [Show full text]
  • System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification
    1 2 Document Number: DSP0134 3 Date: 2011-01-26 4 Version: 2.7.1 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Document Type: Specification 8 Document Status: DMTF Standard 9 Document Language: en-US 10 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 11 Copyright Notice 12 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2011 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 13 reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 23 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 24 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 25 incorporation
    [Show full text]
  • AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D
    5 4 3 2 1 AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D NOTES: Page Index Page Index ------- -------------------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------- 1) This schematic supports the AMD Socket AM2 CPU devices. 1 Cover Page 17 SB600 PCIe, PCI, LPC, Straps, & CPU Control 2) These are "Reference Schematics" and as such they have 2 Revision History 18 SB600 ACPI, GPIO, USB, and Audio Interfaces not been verified by an actual board build. 3 Block Diagram 19 SB SATA, IDE, SPI, and HW Management Interfaces 3) This reference schematic supports AMD M960T revision 4 Clock Structure 20 SB600 Power A12 or later. If A12 or later revision is not used, please 5 Power Configuration (1) 21 CRT Connector see your customer support representative for the 6 Power Configuration (2) 22 Broadcom Ethernet Controller necessary application notes for workarounds. 7 Reset & Voltage Sequence 23 Realtek Audio Codec C 4) This reference schematic supports SB600 revision 8 Socket AM2 HT Interface 24 LPC BIOS C A21 or later. If A21 or later revision is not used, please 9 Socket AM2 DDRII Memory Interface 25 USB Power and Connectors see your customer support representative for the 10 Socket AM2 Control & Debug 26 Power Main System, SB600 PCIe, & Other necessary application notes for workarounds. 11 Socket AM2 Power & Ground 27 Standby Power & Powergood 5) Unless otherwise specified, resistors have 5% tolerance. 12 SODIMM DDR2 28 Power for CPU Core 13 M690T HT, PCI, PCIe(R), PCIe Graphics Port 29 Power for DDR2 Memory and Interface 6) Unless otherwise specified, capacitors have 20% tolerance. 14 M690T PLL and Video Interface 30 Power M690T Core, PCIe Interface 15 M690T Power and Side Port Memory Interface 31 Unused Interfaces 16 Clock Generator IMPORTANT NOTICE: B 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD Semprontm Processors
    Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors 27 September 2004 Page 1/5 Thermal and Electrical Specification of AMD SempronTM Processors ©2004 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products and are for information purposes only. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppels or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights are granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS OR OMISSIONS THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS INFORMATION. AMD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL AMD BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OR OPERATION OF ANY PERSON’S SYSTEM, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, DAMAGE TO OR DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY, OR LOSS OF PROGRAMS OR OTHER DATA, EVEN IF AMD IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
    [Show full text]
  • PCSA Oct 2001
    Understanding CPU Upgrades In theory, one way to t seems that every time a new software product is released the system require- ments are increased - everything from the hard drive capacity and CPU speed increase the performance of a Ito the required RAM. One of the apparently obvious ways to gain a speed PC with little effort is to increase is by upgrading the CPU. But such an upgrade isn’t always cost effective and in some cases simply increasing the available RAM can help considerably to upgrade the CPU. Surely it boost the apparent speed of the PC. Sometimes though the best (and maybe only) option is to upgrade the CPU, although this can be a more involved process than it can’t be that difficult? might at first seem due to socket/motherboard incompatibilities, differing CPU and Actually there’s lots to think RAM speed requirements, cooling problems and inevitably assorted knock-on effects causing the upgrade to be anything but cost effective. Also, it is worth about. remembering that just because the replacement CPU has, for example, double the clock rate of the old unit doesn’t necessarily mean that the new one will increase the By Phil Morris processing performance of the PC in question by anything like 100%. Technical Writer This article looks at some of the options for upgrading the CPUs in existing systems. It is extremely unlikely that recent processors like AMD’s Duron (and forthcoming Hammer) and Intel’s Pentium 4 and Itanium will require upgrading for some time, so I will omit those in the context of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Microprocessor Training
    Microprocessors and Microcontrollers © 1999 Altera Corporation 1 Altera Confidential Agenda New Products - MicroController products (1 hour) n Microprocessor Systems n The Embedded Microprocessor Market n Altera Solutions n System Design Considerations n Uncovering Sales Opportunities © 2000 Altera Corporation 2 Altera Confidential Embedding microprocessors inside programmable logic opens the door to a multi-billion dollar market. Altera has solutions for this market today. © 2000 Altera Corporation 3 Altera Confidential Microprocessor Systems © 1999 Altera Corporation 4 Altera Confidential Processor Terminology n Microprocessor: The implementation of a computer’s central processor unit functions on a single LSI device. n Microcontroller: A self-contained system with a microprocessor, memory and peripherals on a single chip. “Just add software.” © 2000 Altera Corporation 5 Altera Confidential Examples Microprocessor: Motorola PowerPC 600 Microcontroller: Motorola 68HC16 © 2000 Altera Corporation 6 Altera Confidential Two Types of Processors Computational Embedded n Programmable by the end-user to n Performs a fixed set of functions that accomplish a wide range of define the product. User may applications configure but not reprogram. n Runs an operating system n May or may not use an operating system n Program exists on mass storage n Program usually exists in ROM or or network Flash n Tend to be: n Tend to be: – Microprocessors – Microcontrollers – More expensive (ASP $193) – Less expensive (ASP $12) n Examples n Examples – Work Station
    [Show full text]