MICROPROCESSOR REPORT the INSIDERS’ GUIDE to MICROPROCESSOR HARDWARE Slot Vs
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Super 7™ Motherboard
SY-5EH5/5EHM V1.0 Super 7Ô Motherboard ************************************************ Pentium® Class CPU supported ETEQ82C663 PCI/AGP Motherboard AT Form Factor ************************************************ User's Guide & Technical Reference NSTL “Year 2000 Test” Certification Letter September 23, 1998 Testing Date: September 23, 1998 Certification Date: September 23, 1998 Certification Number: NCY2000-980923-004 To Whom It May Concern: We are please to inform you that the “SY-5EHM/5EH5” system has passed NSTL Year 2000 certification test program. The Year 2000 test program tests a personal computer for its ability to support the year 2000. The “SY-5EHM/5EH5: system is eligible to carry the NSTL :Year 2000 Certification” seal. The Year 2000 certification test has been done under the following system configuration: Company Name : SOYO COMPUTER INC. System Model Name : SY-5EHM/5EH5 Hardware Revision : N/A CPU Model : Intel Pentium 200/66Mhz On Board Memory/L2 Cache : PC100 SDRAM DIMM 32MBx1 /1MB System BIOS : Award Modular BIOS V4.51PG, An Energy Star Ally Copyright © 1984—98, EH-1A6,07/15/1998-VP3-586B- 8669-2A5LES2AC-00 Best regards, SPORTON INTERNATIONAL INC. Declaration of Conformity According to 47 CFR, Part 2 and 15 of the FCC Rules Declaration No.: D872907 July.10 1998 The following designated product EQUIPMENT: Main Board MODEL NO.: SY-5EH Which is the Class B digital device complies with 47 CFR Parts 2 and 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions : (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. -
50X50x41mm Socket 7/370 CPU Cooler Fan W/ Heatsink and TX3 and LP4 Startech ID: FANP1003LD
50x50x41mm Socket 7/370 CPU Cooler Fan w/ Heatsink and TX3 and LP4 StarTech ID: FANP1003LD StarTech.com's Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan optimizes heat dissipation and removal by combining a large aluminum heatsink and 5cm brushless ball-bearing fan, helping to ensure ideal operating conditions for your hard working CPU. A broadly compatible CPU cooling solution, the Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan provides quiet cooling for Socket 370(PPGA) Celerons, Socket 7 Pentiums, AMD K6, K6-2 and Cyrix chips and is powered using a TX3 (3-lead) connection to either the computer power supply or the motherboard (direct). When powered directly from the motherboard, the fan speed and operating status can be monitored for ideal performance. Capable of moving up to 8.84 CFM of air away from the CPU, the Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan features a high-efficiency fan blade design and is backed by StarTech.com's 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support. Applications Socket Type: Socket 7 & Socket 370 VIA : C3, Cyrix III & Cyrix MII up to 500 MHz Intel : Celeron up to 500 MHz AMD : K-6 series up to 500 MHz Replace the stock OEM cooler or a failed Socket 7/370 heatsink fan assembly www.startech.com 1 800 265 1844 Features Aluminum heatsink 50mm ball bearing fan Solid metal retention clip Technical Specifications Warranty 2 Years Fan Bearing Type Ball Bearing Fan Dimensions 50 x 50 x 12.7mm 2 x 2 x 0.5in Heatsink Dimensions 50 x 50 x 22mm 2 x 2 x 0.85in Heatsink Type Aluminum Air Flow Rate 8.84 CFM Fan RPM 4500 Noise Level 28 dBA Connector Type(s) 1 - Molex Fan (3 pin; TX3) Female Color Black Product Height 1.9 in [49 mm] Product Length 1.9 in [49 mm] Product Weight 2.9 oz [81 g] Product Width 1.6 in [40 mm] Input Voltage 12 DC Shipping (Package) Weight 0.3 lb [0.1 kg] Included in Package 1 - Pentium/K6/Celeron 3-Lead CPU Fan Included in Package 1 - 3-pin to dual LP4 Molex Adapter Cable Included in Package 1 - Packet of Thermal Compound Certifications, Reports and Compatibility www.startech.com 1 800 265 1844. -
System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification
1 2 Document Number: DSP0134 3 Date: 2011-01-26 4 Version: 2.7.1 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Document Type: Specification 8 Document Status: DMTF Standard 9 Document Language: en-US 10 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 11 Copyright Notice 12 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2011 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 13 reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 23 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 24 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 25 incorporation -
PCSA Oct 2001
Understanding CPU Upgrades In theory, one way to t seems that every time a new software product is released the system require- ments are increased - everything from the hard drive capacity and CPU speed increase the performance of a Ito the required RAM. One of the apparently obvious ways to gain a speed PC with little effort is to increase is by upgrading the CPU. But such an upgrade isn’t always cost effective and in some cases simply increasing the available RAM can help considerably to upgrade the CPU. Surely it boost the apparent speed of the PC. Sometimes though the best (and maybe only) option is to upgrade the CPU, although this can be a more involved process than it can’t be that difficult? might at first seem due to socket/motherboard incompatibilities, differing CPU and Actually there’s lots to think RAM speed requirements, cooling problems and inevitably assorted knock-on effects causing the upgrade to be anything but cost effective. Also, it is worth about. remembering that just because the replacement CPU has, for example, double the clock rate of the old unit doesn’t necessarily mean that the new one will increase the By Phil Morris processing performance of the PC in question by anything like 100%. Technical Writer This article looks at some of the options for upgrading the CPUs in existing systems. It is extremely unlikely that recent processors like AMD’s Duron (and forthcoming Hammer) and Intel’s Pentium 4 and Itanium will require upgrading for some time, so I will omit those in the context of this article. -
PDSM4+ 1.0.Indb
PDSM4+ PDSME+ USER’S MANUAL Revision 1.0 The information in this User’s Manual has been carefully reviewed and is believed to be accurate. The vendor assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies that may be contained in this document, makes no commitment to update or to keep current the information in this manual, or to notify any person or organization of the updates. Please Note: For the most up-to-date version of this manual, please see our web site at www.supermicro.com. SUPERMICRO COMPUTER reserves the right to make changes to the product described in this manual at any time and without notice. This product, including software, if any, and documenta- tion may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any medium or machine without prior written consent. IN NO EVENT WILL SUPERMICRO COMPUTER BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN PARTICULAR, THE VENDOR SHALL NOT HAVE LIABILITY FOR ANY HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, OR DATA STORED OR USED WITH THE PRODUCT, INCLUDING THE COSTS OF REPAIRING, REPLACING, INTEGRATING, INSTALLING OR RECOVERING SUCH HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, OR DATA. Any disputes arising between manufacturer and customer shall be governed by the laws of Santa Clara County in the State of California, USA. The State of California, County of Santa Clara shall be the exclusive venue for the resolution of any such disputes. Supermicro's total liability for all claims will not exceed the price paid for the hardware product. -
Geode™ Gxm Processor Integrated X86 Solution with MMX Support
Geode™ GXm Processor Integrated x86 Solution with MMX Support April 2000 Geode™ GXm Processor Integrated x86 Solution with MMX Support General Description The National Semiconductor® Geode™ GXm processor graphics accelerator provides pixel processing and ren- is an advanced 32-bit x86 compatible processor offering dering functions. high performance, fully accelerated 2D graphics, a 64-bit A separate on-chip video buffer enables >30 fps MPEG1 synchronous DRAM controller and a PCI bus controller, video playback when used together with the CS5530 I/O all on a single chip that is compatible with Intel’s MMX companion chip. Graphics and system memory accesses technology. are supported by a tightly-coupled synchronous DRAM The GXm processor core is a proven design that offers (SDRAM) memory controller. This tightly coupled memory competitive CPU performance. It has integer and floating subsystem eliminates the need for an external L2 cache. point execution units that are based on sixth-generation The GXm processor includes Virtual System Architec- technology. The integer core contains a single, six-stage ture® (VSA™ technology) enabling XpressGRAPHICS execution pipeline and offers advanced features such as and XpressAUDIO subsystems as well as generic emula- operand forwarding, branch target buffers, and extensive tion capabilities. Software handler routines for the Xpress- write buffering. A 16 KB write-back L1 cache is accessed GRAPHICS and XpressAUDIO subsystems can be in a unique fashion that eliminates pipeline stalls to fetch included in the BIOS and provide compatible VGA and 16- operands that hit in the cache. bit industry standard audio emulation. XpressAUDIO tech- In addition to the advanced CPU features, the GXm pro- nology eliminates much of the hardware traditionally asso- cessor integrates a host of functions which are typically ciated with audio functions. -
VX97 User's Manual ASUS CONTACT INFORMATION Asustek COMPUTER INC
R VX97 Pentium Motherboard USER'S MANUAL USER'S NOTICE No part of this manual, including the products and softwares described in it, may be repro- duced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup pur- poses, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”). ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR- TICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDEN- TAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSI- NESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trade- marks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe. • Intel, LANDesk, and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. • IBM and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines. • Symbios is a registered trademark of Symbios Logic Corporation. • Windows and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. • Sound Blaster AWE32 and SB16 are trademarks of Creative Technology Ltd. • Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. -
486 COMMON SOCKET IMPLEMENTATION by J
486 COMMON SOCKET IMPLEMENTATION by J. Lombard, M. Lerman 1. Overview For additional information, please contact This document provides detailed information SGS-Thomson Microelectronics. Information in this document is subject to change without regarding the differences in pinouts between notification. The following documents were used SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics(ST) and Intel as references: Intel486 Microprocessor Family, 486 PGA devices and specifies electrical connections that allow a single motherboard AM486 Microprocessor Family System Design Consideration. Any functions not disclosed in the design to support all of the listed devices. This referenced documents are NOT covered by the implementation is intended to be a guideline to scope of this specification. eliminate conflicts due to pinout differences only. 2. CPU Features This common socket specification is intended to support the following devices: Each of the CPUs supported in this common socket specification is 486 bus compatible yet SGS-THOMSON ST486 DX2 CYRIX Cx486 DX2 has a unique set of features that impacts the device pinout. Table 2-1 lists the differences in SGS-THOMSON ST486 DX2V the CPU feature sets. SGS-THOMSON ST486 DX4V SGS-THOMSON ST5x86 CYRIX Cx5x86 INTEL i486 DX2 SL & WB Enhanced INTEL i486 DX4 AMD AM486 DX2 (Future SL & WB Enhanced) AMD AM486 DX4 (Future SL & WB Enhanced) Table 2-1. CPU Enhanced Features CPU VOLTAGE WRITE- SMM & POWER CORE CLOCK BACK MANAGEMENT CONTROL JTAG ST486DX2 5 V yes yes no no Cx486DX2 ST486DX2V 3.45V, 5V I/O yes yes no no Future AM486DX2 ST486DX4V 3.45V, 5V I/O yes yes 2x, 3x no Future AM486DX2 ST5x86 3.45V, 5V I/O yes yes 0.5x, 1x, 2x, 3x yes Cx5x86 Intel i486DX/DX2 SL & WB 5 V yes yes no yes Enh. -
How Microprocessors Work E 1 of 64 ZM
How Microprocessors Work e 1 of 64 ZM How Microprocessors Work ZAHIDMEHBOOB +923215020706 [email protected] 2003 BS(IT) PRESTION UNIVERSITY How Microprocessors Work The computer you are using to read this page uses a microprocessor to do its work. The microprocessor is the heart of any normal computer, whether it is a desktop machine, a server or a laptop. The microprocessor you are using might be a Pentium, a K6, a PowerPC, a Sparc or any of the many other brands and types of microprocessors, but they all do approximately the same thing in approximately the same way. If you have ever wondered what the microprocessor in your computer is doing, or if you have ever wondered about the differences between types of microprocessors, then read on. Microprocessor History A microprocessor -- also known as a CPU or central processing unit -- is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The first microprocessor was the Intel [email protected] +923215020706 (2003) How Microprocessors Work e 2 of 64 ZM 4004, introduced in 1971. The 4004 was not very powerful -- all it could do was add and subtract, and it could only do that 4 bits at a time. But it was amazing that everything was on one chip. Prior to the 4004, engineers built computers either from collections of chips or from discrete components (transistors wired one at a time). The 4004 powered one of the first portable electronic calculators. The first microprocessor to make it into a home computer was the Intel 8080, a complete 8- bit computer on one chip, introduced in 1974. -
Extensions to Instruction Sets
Extensions to Instruction Sets Ricardo Manuel Meira Ferrão Luis Departamento de Informática, Universidade do Minho 4710 - 057 Braga, Portugal [email protected] Abstract. This communication analyses extensions to instruction sets in general purpose processors, together with their evolution and significant innovation. It begins with an overview of specific multimedia and digital signal processing requirements and then it focuses on feature detection to properly identify the adequate extension. A brief performance evaluation on two competitive processors closes the communication. 1 Introduction The purpose of this communication is to analyse extensions to instruction sets, describe the specific multimedia and digital signal processing (DSP) requirements of a processor, detail how to detect these extensions and verify if the processor supports them. To achieve this functionality an IA32 architecture example code will be demonstrated. To study the instruction sets supported by each processor, an analysis is performed to compare and distinguish each technology in terms of new extensions to instruction sets and architecture evolution, mapping a table that lists the instruction sets supported by each processor. To clearly identify these differences between architectures, tests are performed with an application example, determining comparable results of two competitive processors. In this communication, Section 2 gives an overview of multimedia and digital signal processing requirements, Section 3 explains the feature detection of these instructions, Section 4 details some of the extensions supported by IA32 based processors, Section 5 tests and describes the performance of each technology and analyses the results. Section 6 concludes this communication. 2 Multimedia and DSP Requirements Computer industries needed a way to improve their multimedia capabilities because of the demand for 3D graphics, video and other multimedia applications such as games. -
World's First High- Performance X86 With
World’s First High- Performance x86 with Integrated AI Coprocessor Linley Spring Processor Conference 2020 April 8, 2020 G Glenn Henry Dr. Parviz Palangpour Chief AI Architect AI Software Deep Dive into Centaur’s New x86 AI Coprocessor (Ncore) • Background • Motivations • Constraints • Architecture • Software • Benchmarks • Conclusion Demonstrated Working Silicon For Video-Analytics Edge Server Nov, 2019 ©2020 Centaur Technology. All Rights Reserved Centaur Technology Background • 25-year-old startup in Austin, owned by Via Technologies • We design, from scratch, low-cost x86 processors • Everything to produce a custom x86 SoC with ~100 people • Architecture, logic design and microcode • Design, verification, and layout • Physical build, fab interface, and tape-out • Shipped by IBM, HP, Dell, Samsung, Lenovo… ©2020 Centaur Technology. All Rights Reserved Genesis of the AI Coprocessor (Ncore) • Centaur was developing SoC (CHA) with new x86 cores • Targeted at edge/cloud server market (high-end x86 features) • Huge inference markets beyond hyperscale cloud, IOT and mobile • Video analytics, edge computing, on-premise servers • However, x86 isn’t efficient at inference • High-performance inference requires external accelerator • CHA has 44x PCIe to support GPUs, etc. • But adds cost, power, another point of failure, etc. ©2020 Centaur Technology. All Rights Reserved Why not integrate a coprocessor? • Very low cost • Many components already on SoC (“free” to Ncore) Caches, memory, clock, power, package, pins, busses, etc. • There often is “free” space on complex SOCs due to I/O & pins • Having many high-performance x86 cores allows flexibility • The x86 cores can do some of the work, in parallel • Didn’t have to implement all strange/new functions • Allows fast prototyping of new things • For customer: nothing extra to buy ©2020 Centaur Technology. -
Communication Theory II
Microprocessor (COM 9323) Lecture 2: Review on Intel Family Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt Feb 17th, 2016 1 Text Book/References Textbook: 1. The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 8th edition, Barry B. Brey, Prentice Hall, 2009 2. Assembly Language for x86 processors, 6th edition, K. R. Irvine, Prentice Hall, 2011 References: 1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th edition, J. Hennessy, D. Patterson, Elsevier, 2012. 2. The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 3. The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing, 4th edition, M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi, Prentice Hall, 2003 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the various 80X86 and Pentium family members 2. Define the contents of the memory system in the personal computer 3. Convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Differentiate and represent numeric and alphabetic information as integers, floating-point, BCD, and ASCII data 5. Understand basic computer terminology (bit, byte, data, real memory system, protected mode memory system, Windows, DOS, I/O) 3 Brief History of the Computers o1946 The first generation of Computer ENIAC (Electrical and Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was started to be used based on the vacuum tube technology, University of Pennsylvania o1970s entire CPU was put in a single chip. (1971 the first microprocessor of Intel 4004 (4-bit data bus and 2300 transistors and 45 instructions) 4 Brief History of the Computers (cont’d) oLate 1970s Intel 8080/85 appeared with 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus and used from traffic light controllers to homemade computers (8085: 246 instruction set, RISC*) o1981 First PC was introduced by IBM with Intel 8088 (CISC**: over 20,000 instructions) microprocessor oMotorola emerged with 6800.