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50X50x41mm Socket 7/370 CPU Cooler Fan W/ Heatsink and TX3 and LP4 Startech ID: FANP1003LD
50x50x41mm Socket 7/370 CPU Cooler Fan w/ Heatsink and TX3 and LP4 StarTech ID: FANP1003LD StarTech.com's Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan optimizes heat dissipation and removal by combining a large aluminum heatsink and 5cm brushless ball-bearing fan, helping to ensure ideal operating conditions for your hard working CPU. A broadly compatible CPU cooling solution, the Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan provides quiet cooling for Socket 370(PPGA) Celerons, Socket 7 Pentiums, AMD K6, K6-2 and Cyrix chips and is powered using a TX3 (3-lead) connection to either the computer power supply or the motherboard (direct). When powered directly from the motherboard, the fan speed and operating status can be monitored for ideal performance. Capable of moving up to 8.84 CFM of air away from the CPU, the Socket 7/Socket 730 CPU cooler fan features a high-efficiency fan blade design and is backed by StarTech.com's 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support. Applications Socket Type: Socket 7 & Socket 370 VIA : C3, Cyrix III & Cyrix MII up to 500 MHz Intel : Celeron up to 500 MHz AMD : K-6 series up to 500 MHz Replace the stock OEM cooler or a failed Socket 7/370 heatsink fan assembly www.startech.com 1 800 265 1844 Features Aluminum heatsink 50mm ball bearing fan Solid metal retention clip Technical Specifications Warranty 2 Years Fan Bearing Type Ball Bearing Fan Dimensions 50 x 50 x 12.7mm 2 x 2 x 0.5in Heatsink Dimensions 50 x 50 x 22mm 2 x 2 x 0.85in Heatsink Type Aluminum Air Flow Rate 8.84 CFM Fan RPM 4500 Noise Level 28 dBA Connector Type(s) 1 - Molex Fan (3 pin; TX3) Female Color Black Product Height 1.9 in [49 mm] Product Length 1.9 in [49 mm] Product Weight 2.9 oz [81 g] Product Width 1.6 in [40 mm] Input Voltage 12 DC Shipping (Package) Weight 0.3 lb [0.1 kg] Included in Package 1 - Pentium/K6/Celeron 3-Lead CPU Fan Included in Package 1 - 3-pin to dual LP4 Molex Adapter Cable Included in Package 1 - Packet of Thermal Compound Certifications, Reports and Compatibility www.startech.com 1 800 265 1844. -
A Superscalar Out-Of-Order X86 Soft Processor for FPGA
A Superscalar Out-of-Order x86 Soft Processor for FPGA Henry Wong University of Toronto, Intel [email protected] June 5, 2019 Stanford University EE380 1 Hi! ● CPU architect, Intel Hillsboro ● Ph.D., University of Toronto ● Today: x86 OoO processor for FPGA (Ph.D. work) – Motivation – High-level design and results – Microarchitecture details and some circuits 2 FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT6-LUT 6-LUT6-LUT 3 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 4 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 5 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 6 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel -
Pentium 82430VX / P54C PCI Mainboard User’S Guide & Technical Reference 5V A0/A2/A5 Ii ¨ ª
Pentium 82430VX / P54C PCI Mainboard User’s Guide & Technical Reference 5V A0/A2/A5 ii ® ™ About This Guide This UserÕs Guide is for assisting system manufacturers and end users in setting up and installing the mainboard. Information in this guide has been carefully checked for reliability; however, no guarantee is given as to the correctness of the contents. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Copyright Notice Copyright 1997, Soyo Computer Inc. All rights reserved. This manual is copyrighted by Soyo Computer Inc. You may not reproduce, transmit, transcribe, store in a retrieval system, or translate into any language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, any part of this publication without express written permission of Soyo Computer Inc. Trademarks Soyo is a registered trademark of Soyo Computer Inc. All trademarks are the property of their owners. Disclaimer Soyo Computer Inc. makes no representations or warranties regarding the contents of this manual. We reserve the right to revise the manual or make changes in the specifications of the product described within it at any time without notice and without obligation to notify any person of such revision or change. The information contained in this manual is provided for general use by our customers. Our customers should be aware that the personal computer field is the subject of many patents. Our customers should ensure that they take appropriate action so that their use of our products does not infringe upon any patents. It is the policy of Soyo Computer Inc. -
System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification
1 2 Document Number: DSP0134 3 Date: 2011-01-26 4 Version: 2.7.1 5 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Document Type: Specification 8 Document Status: DMTF Standard 9 Document Language: en-US 10 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 11 Copyright Notice 12 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2011 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 13 reserved. 14 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 15 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 16 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 17 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 18 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 19 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 20 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 21 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 22 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 23 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 24 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 25 incorporation -
SAMPLE CHAPTER 1 Chapter Personal Computer 1 System Components the FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED in THIS CHAPTER
SAMPLE CHAPTER 1 Chapter Personal Computer 1 System Components THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER: Ûß1.2 Explain motherboard components, types and features Nß Form Factor Nß ATX / BTX, Nß micro ATX Nß NLX Nß I/O interfaces Material Nß Sound Nß Video Nß USB 1.1 and 2.0 Nß Serial Nß IEEE 1394 / FireWire Nß Parallel Nß NIC Nß Modem Nß PS/2 Nß Memory slots Nß RIMM Nß DIMM Nß SODIMM CopyrightedNß SIMM Nß Processor sockets Nß Bus architecture 86498book.indb 1 7/22/09 5:37:17 AM Nß Bus slots Nß PCI Nß AGP Nß PCIe Nß AMR Nß CNR Nß PCMCIA Chipsets Nß BIOS / CMOS / Firmware Nß POST Nß CMOS battery Nß Riser card / daughterboard Nß [Additional subobjectives covered in chapter 2] Ûß1.4 Explain the purpose and characteristics of CPUs and their features Nß Identify CPU types Nß AMD Nß Intel Nß Hyper threading Nß Multi core Nß Dual core Nß Triple core Nß Quad core Nß Onchip cache Nß L1 Nß L2 Nß Speed (real vs. actual) Nß 32 bit vs. 64 bit Ûß1.5 Explain cooling methods and devices Nß Heat sinks Nß CPU and case fans 86498book.indb 2 7/22/09 5:37:18 AM Nß Liquid cooling systems Nß Thermal compound Ûß1.6 Compare and contrast memory types, characteristics and their purpose Nß Types Nß DRAM Nß SRAM Nß SDRAM Nß DDR / DDR2 / DDR3 Nß RAMBUS Nß Parity vs. Non-parity Nß ECC vs. non-ECC Nß Single sided vs. double sided Nß Single channel vs. -
Open Final Thesis2.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering ARCHITECTURAL TECHNIQUES TO ENABLE RELIABLE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE MEMORY HIERARCHY IN CHIP MULTI-PROCESSORS A Dissertation in Computer Science and Engineering by Amin Jadidi © 2018 Amin Jadidi Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 The dissertation of Amin Jadidi was reviewed and approved∗ by the following: Chita R. Das Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor, Chair of Committee Mahmut T. Kandemir Professor of Computer Science and Engineering John Sampson Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Prasenjit Mitra Professor of Information Sciences and Technology ∗Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii Abstract Constant technology scaling has enabled modern computing systems to achieve high degrees of thread-level parallelism, making the design of a highly scalable and dense memory hierarchy a major challenge. During the past few decades SRAM has been widely used as the dominant technology to build on-chip cache hierarchies. On the other hand, for the main memory, DRAM has been exploited to satisfy the applications demand. However, both of these two technologies face serious scalability and power consumption problems. While there has been enormous research work to address the drawbacks of these technologies, researchers have also been considering non-volatile memory technologies to replace SRAM and DRAM in future processors. Among different non-volatile technologies, Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) and Phase Change Memory (PCM) are the most promising candidates to replace SRAM and DRAM technologies, respectively. Researchers believe that the memory hierarchy in future computing systems will consist of a hybrid combination of current technologies (i.e., SRAM and DRAM) and non-volatile technologies (e.g., STT-RAM, and PCM). -
VX97 User's Manual ASUS CONTACT INFORMATION Asustek COMPUTER INC
R VX97 Pentium Motherboard USER'S MANUAL USER'S NOTICE No part of this manual, including the products and softwares described in it, may be repro- duced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup pur- poses, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”). ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR- TICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDEN- TAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSI- NESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trade- marks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe. • Intel, LANDesk, and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. • IBM and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines. • Symbios is a registered trademark of Symbios Logic Corporation. • Windows and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. • Sound Blaster AWE32 and SB16 are trademarks of Creative Technology Ltd. • Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. -
MICROPROCESSOR REPORT the INSIDERS’ GUIDE to MICROPROCESSOR HARDWARE Slot Vs
VOLUME 12, NUMBER 1 JANUARY 26, 1998 MICROPROCESSOR REPORT THE INSIDERS’ GUIDE TO MICROPROCESSOR HARDWARE Slot vs. Socket Battle Heats Up Intel Prepares for Transition as Competitors Boost Socket 7 A A look Look by Michael Slater ship as many parts as they hoped, especially at the highest backBack clock speeds where profits are much greater. The past year has brought a great deal The shift to 0.25-micron technology will be central to of change to the x86 microprocessor 1998’s CPU developments. Intel began shipping 0.25-micron A market, with Intel, AMD, and Cyrix processors in 3Q97; AMD followed late in 1997, IDT plans to LookA look replacing virtually their entire product join in by mid-98, and Cyrix expects to catch up in 3Q98. Ahead ahead lines with new devices. But despite high The more advanced process technology will cut power con- hopes, AMD and Cyrix struggled in vain for profits. The sumption, allowing sixth-generation CPUs to be used in financial contrast is stark: in 1997, Intel earned a record notebook systems. The smaller die sizes will enable higher $6.9 billion in net profit, while AMD lost $21 million for the production volumes and make it possible to integrate an L2 year and Cyrix lost $6 million in the six months before it was cache on the CPU chip. acquired by National. New entrant IDT added another com- The processors from Intel’s challengers have lagged in petitor to the mix but hasn’t shipped enough products to floating-point and MMX performance, which the vendors become a significant force. -
HANDOUT – CPU Explained Objective 101.04
HANDOUT – CPU Explained Objective 101.04 What is a CPU? The CPU, Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the PC. It may also be referred to as the processor or central processor. A CPU is really a microprocessor or MPU that is made up of millions of transistors on a silicon wafer. The transistors act like tiny switches that are either turned on or off. The CPU uses these switches to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. There are four basic processes in the execution of instructions: 1. Fetch 2. Decode 3. Execute 4. Write-back. All the work done by a CPU is done using binary numbers – either a 1 or a 0. The 1 is the switch in the on position causing a presence of voltage, and the 0 is the switch in the off position causing an absence of voltage. The CPU has an Arithmetic Logical Unit or ALU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on the binary numbers. The CPU also has a Control Unit that extracts instructions from the memory, decodes and executes the instructions. CPU Manufacturers Intel IBM used to control the PC industry and market. IBM worked with a company called Intel, which manufactured CPUs for IBM. Over time, Intel has become the world leader in microprocessor development. Intel develops their chips, which fall into generations or families. The first generation was the 8080, 8088, and the 8086 chips. The next generation was the 80286, 80386, and 80486 chips. The next family was the Pentium 1, Pentium Pro, P2, P3 and P4 microprocessors. -
AMD-K6-2® Processor
Preliminary Information ® Mobile AMD-K6-2® Processor Data Sheet Publication # 21896 Rev: E Amendment/0 Issue Date: May 2000 Preliminary Information © 2000 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage may occur. AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products at any time without notice. Trademarks AMD, the AMD logo, K6, 3DNow!, and combinations thereof, and Super7 are trademarks, and AMD-K6 and RISC86 are registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. MMX is a trademark of Intel Corporation. -
32-Bit Broch/4.0-8/23 (Page 3)
E86™ FAMILY 32-Bit Microprocessors www.amd.com 3 Leverage the billions of dollars spent annually developing hardware and software for the world's dominant processor architecture—x86 SECTION I • Assured, flexible, and x86 compatible migration path from 16-bit to full 32-bit bus design HIGH PERFORMANCE x86 EMBEDDED PROCESSORS • Industry standard x86 architecture The E86™ family of 32-bit microprocessors and microcontrollers represent the highest level of x86 performance that AMD currently offers for the embedded provides largest knowledge base market. This 32-bit family of devices includes the Am386®, Am486®, AMD-K6™E of designers microprocessors as well as the Élan™ family of integrated microcontrollers. Since all E86 family processors are x86 compatible, a software compatible • Enhanced performance and lower upgrade path for your next generation design is assured. And since the E86 family is based on the world’s dominant processor architecture - x86 - system costs embedded designers are also able to leverage the billions of dollars spent annually developing hardware and software for the PC market. Low cost • High level of integration that development tools, readily available chipsets and peripherals, and pre-written software are all benefits of utilizing the x86 architecture in your designs. reduces time-to-market and increases reliability HIGH PERFORMANCE 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR PORTFOLIO Many customers require the leading edge performance of PC microproces- • A complete third-party support program sors, while still desiring the level of support that is typically associated with from AMD’s FusionE86sm partners. embedded processors. AMD’s Embedded Processor Division is chartered to provide these industry-proven CPU cores with the long-term product support, development tool infrastructure, and technical support that embedded cus- tomers have come to expect. -
Communication Theory II
Microprocessor (COM 9323) Lecture 2: Review on Intel Family Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt Feb 17th, 2016 1 Text Book/References Textbook: 1. The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 8th edition, Barry B. Brey, Prentice Hall, 2009 2. Assembly Language for x86 processors, 6th edition, K. R. Irvine, Prentice Hall, 2011 References: 1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th edition, J. Hennessy, D. Patterson, Elsevier, 2012. 2. The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 3. The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing, 4th edition, M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi, Prentice Hall, 2003 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the various 80X86 and Pentium family members 2. Define the contents of the memory system in the personal computer 3. Convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Differentiate and represent numeric and alphabetic information as integers, floating-point, BCD, and ASCII data 5. Understand basic computer terminology (bit, byte, data, real memory system, protected mode memory system, Windows, DOS, I/O) 3 Brief History of the Computers o1946 The first generation of Computer ENIAC (Electrical and Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was started to be used based on the vacuum tube technology, University of Pennsylvania o1970s entire CPU was put in a single chip. (1971 the first microprocessor of Intel 4004 (4-bit data bus and 2300 transistors and 45 instructions) 4 Brief History of the Computers (cont’d) oLate 1970s Intel 8080/85 appeared with 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus and used from traffic light controllers to homemade computers (8085: 246 instruction set, RISC*) o1981 First PC was introduced by IBM with Intel 8088 (CISC**: over 20,000 instructions) microprocessor oMotorola emerged with 6800.