KIRKUK IOM Displacement Assessments GOVERNORATE PROFILE JULY 2009
IOM IDP AND RETURNEE ASSESSMENT Iraq has a long history of displacement, JULY 2009 culminating most recently in the February 2006 bombing of the Samarra Al-Askari KIRKUK: DISPLACEMENT AT A GLANCE Mosque. Due primarily to sectarian violence, 1.6 million people were internally Governorate Statistics 1 displaced, chiefly in 2006 and 2007, Total post-Feb 2006 IDPs 8,798 families (est. 52,788 individuals) 2 2 according to government figures. Total pre-Feb 2006 IDPs 1,252 families (est. 7,512 individuals) Number of post-Feb 2006 IDPs 3 assessed by IOM 11,875 families (est. 71,250 individuals) IOM field monitoring teams assess the Returnees4 2523 families (est.15,138 individuals) varying needs and challenges of IDP and Capital Kirkuk returnee communities across the eighteen Districts Al-Hawiga, Daquq, Kirkuk Iraqi governorates. These comprehensive assessments of internally displaced persons Population5 902,019 individuals (IDPs) and returnees are conducted through Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Kirkuk are a diverse group including Rapid Assessment questionnaires in conjunction with Iraqi authorities and other Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen who have had to flee their homes, targeted for national and international actors. their sectarian, ethnic, political, or social affiliations. Kirkuk post-2006 displacement has continued through to 2009, with isolated displacement still IOM seeks to ascertain and disseminate occurring as ethnic and political tensions flare. detailed information about IDP and returnee needs and conditions in each Drought is a concern throughout Kirkuk, and IDP families are particularly governorate. A greater understanding of vulnerable to the implications of water shortage. IDPs in Kirkuk list water displacement and return in Iraq is intended along with shelter and food as their most urgent needs. to facilitate policy making, prioritizing areas of operation, and planning emergency and Displaced families in the governorate are chiefly from Kirkuk itself, Diyala, long-term responses.
Salah al-Din and Baghdad. 68% say they would like to return given improved To date, IOM has assessed 223,898 IDP security and assistance to do so. families and identified 55,007 returnee families. Of these returnee families, 3,679 Quick Facts on Kirkuk IDPs & Returnees have participated in IOM in-depth needs assessment interviews. Unless otherwise ¾ Kirkuk IDPs are stated, all data in the profile is based on twice as likely to IOM-assessed populations.
have fled due to direct IOM’s Recommendations for threats to life than the Projects in Kirkuk national average of IOM- assessed IDPs Repair a primary school in Yaramja ¾ 11% of IDP families in village and provide an outdoor play Kirkuk are female-headed, area for students compared to 10% national average among IOM- assessed IDPs
¾ 99% of IOM-assessed IDP families in Kirkuk are Displacement to Kirkuk unemployed
1 As per Ministry of Displacement and Migration. 2 As per IOM Phase II Monitoring, December 2005. 3 Please note that this is the number of post-February 2006 IDPs assessed by IOM, not the total number of IDPs in the governorate. 4 IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell maintains a As per IOM Returnee Assessments, November 2008. database of project recommendations such 5 As per the Iraq Living Conditions Survey, UNDP and Ministry of Planning and Development as this one, submitted by IOM field Cooperation, 2004. monitors and others working in Iraq. Email:
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KIRKUK’S DISPLACED: WHO ARE THEY? Number of IDPs in Kirkuk by District According to the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration, there are District Number Percentage of 8,798 IDP families registered in Kirkuk governorate. However, it is likely Families that due to security reasons and other factors, the IDP population here is Kirkuk Total 11875 100% under-registered. IOM monitors have assessed 11,875 post-2006 IDP Kirkuk District 6250 52.6% families in Kirkuk. Daquq 4296 36.2% Al-Hawiga 1329 11.2% The volatility of the disputed Kirkuk governorate has made it a place of continual ethnic and religious tensions and violence and thus also of IDP Governorate of Origin resulting displacement. Isolated incidents of displacement continue to Kirkuk 26.4% occur on a low level. Diyala 23.5% Salah al-Din 16.1% While most IDPs believe they were targeted for sectarian reasons, Baghdad 14.5% according to IOM assessments IDPs in Kirkuk fled after being targeted Ninewa 13.5% for religious, ethnic, political, and social affiliations as well as sectarian Anbar 4.3% reasons. 54% of IDPs in Kirkuk fled after having their lives directly Erbil 1.1% threatened, twice as many as the national average. Other 0.6%
Reasons for Being Targeted Kirkuk All Iraq Belonging to a certain religion or sect 41.9% 84.8%
Belonging to a certain ethnic group 19.9% 10.9%
Holding a certain political opinion 17.6% 5.1%
Belonging to a certain social group 2.6% 4.8% Do not think the group was targeted 0.4% 1.3%
Post-Samarra displacement in Kirkuk has continued from 2006 through to 2009. IOM monitors are still assessing IDP populations in Kirkuk that were formerly inaccessible due to security issues.
Monthly Displacement to Kirkuk Since 2006
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KIRKUK: IDP DEMOGRAPHICS Percentage of Female-Headed Households (by district) Due to the nature of the sectarian violence in Iraq and conditions District Percentage of displacement, a significant number of IDP households in Total 10.7% Kirkuk are headed by women. This reaches almost 12% of IDP Al-Hawiga 11.6% families in Al Hawiga and Kirkuk districts. Female-headed Daquq 9.1% households are among the most vulnerable IDP families, as they Kirkuk 11.6% often have no steady income and cannot advocate for themselves with regard to social and bureaucratic issues. Kirkuk IDPs by Age and Gender Female Male Total Post-2006 IDP families in Kirkuk are a diverse group of Arabs, Under 1 year 267 232 499 Kurds, Turkmen, Muslims, Christians, and others. Half are 1 to 4 years old 676 562 1238 displaced from within Kirkuk or from Diyala, while others are 5-17 years old 990 976 1966 from Salah al-Din, Baghdad and Ninewa. 18-60 1632 1684 3316 Over 60 587 560 1147
IDP Religion and Ethnicity in Kirkuk District Assyrian- Arab- Turkmen- Chaldean- Arab- Kurd-Sunni Turkmen- Armenian- Turkmen- Other Christian Sunni Sunni Christian Shia Muslim Christian Christian Shia Muslim Muslim Muslim Muslim
All Kirkuk 1.6% 55.6% 3.0% 0.8% 3.5% 18.2% 0.7% 0.2% 15.1% 1.6% Al-Hawiga 0.0% 99.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Daquq 0.0% 60.4% 1.2% 0.0% 1.4% 9.9% 0.0% 0.0% 24.0% 2.0% Kirkuk 3.0% 42.9% 4.9% 1.5% 5.5% 27.8% 0.9% 0.4% 12.3% 1.6% District
Kirkuk IDP Settlement Intentions IDP Intentions in Kirkuk District Locally integrate in Resettle in a Return to Waiting on one the current location third location their place of or several factors Almost 68% of Kirkuk IDPs origin to make a report that they would like to decision return to their places of origin. Total 23.3% 4.1% 67.6% 5.0% Al-Hawiga 22.1% 0.2% 77.7% 0.0% Daquq 21.0% 0.9% 78.0% 0.1% Kirkuk District 25.1% 7.2% 58.3% 9.4%
For the most part this would mean return within Kirkuk (29%) as well as return to Diyala (24%), Salah al-Din (18%), Baghdad (13%) and Ninewa (13%) governorates. Those returning to Baghdad would go primarily to Karkh and Resafa districts.
Of those IDPs in Kirkuk that want to return, to which Governorate would they return? Governorate of Origin District of Baghdad Anbar Babylon Basrah Diyala Erbil Ninewa Salah al-Din Kirkuk Displacement Total 13.4% 1.6% 0.5% 0.2% 23.7% 1.1% 13.0% 18.0% 28.5% Al-Hawiga 7.8% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 17.8% 1.9% 12.8% 28.4% 25.7% Daquq 11.0% 1.4% 1.0% 0.0% 22.2% 0.0% 6.4% 18.3% 39.7% Kirkuk 17.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.5% 26.7% 1.8% 19.1% 14.7% 18.9%
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KIRKUK’S DISPLACED PERSONS: LIVING CONDITIONS AND PRIORITY NEEDS Employment Kirkuk All Iraq At least one member of the family 1.5% 32.8 % has a job Almost all IDP famlies in Kirkuk assessed by IOM have no None of the members has a job 98.5% 67.2 % source of income, and one quarter live in precarious housing situations such as tents, collective settlements, and squatting in PDS ACCESS Kirkuk All Iraq public buildings and former military camps. All of these leave Sometimes 24.9% 20.1% IDP inhabitants with little access to basic services or protection Not at all 56.6% 46.2% from the elements, shadowed by a continual threat of eviction. Yes, always 18.1% 33.6%
Access to potable water is difficult, causing many health ELECTRICITY Kirkuk All Iraq problems exacerbated by the distance to health facilities and lack No Electricity 16.5% 4.8% of sufficient equipment. 1-3 hours per day 11.3% 31.2% Four or more hours per day 71.6% 63.2% Post-2006 IDPs assessed by IOM cite food, water, and shelter as their priority needs. Health care is also increasingly cited as a WATER SOURCE Kirkuk All Iraq priority need. For exmple, 105 IDP families in Al Maridan Municipal water (underground 55.8% 88.8% pipes) village of Kirkuk district are living more than 40 kilometers from Water tanks / trucks 51.8% 26.1% the nearest health care center. Their children are not vaccinated, Public Wells 43.4% 11.3% and many births occur at home, increasing the infant mortality Open / broken pipe 41.9% 12.1% rate. Rivers, streams or lakes 17.4% 12.5% Other Sources 0.6% 3.4%
Living Structure (by district) District Collective Tent near Former Public building Host house Rented Other town house of host Military camp house settlement Total 5.0% 10.3% 2.1% 7.6% 23.3% 19.7% 31.9% Al-Hawiga 0.0% 5.6% 1.7% 1.4% 29.0% 15.4% 46.9% Daquq 1.0% 11.8% 0.4% 2.4% 21.7% 13.4% 49.1% Kirkuk 8.8% 10.3% 3.4% 12.6% 23.2% 25.0% 16.8%
Priority Needs of Kirkuk IDPs
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en 3.0% 2.5% c r e P Water Shelter Food Education Health Access to Legal help Hygiene Other work
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KIRKUK’S RETURNEES
Current Returnees in Kirkuk Returnee numbers in Baghdad by District District Nu mber of Percentage IOM monitors have identified 2,523 returnee families in Families Kirkuk, mostly in Al Hawiga district. Almost all of the Total Kirkuk 2523 100% identified returnees have come home from internal Al-Hawiga 1365 54.1% displacement, most from inside the governorate. Currently Daquq 361 14.3% IOM has assessed 7,412 IDP families nationwide who Kirkuk 797 31.6% originated in Kirkuk.
IOM monitors have conducted in-depth interviews with a sample of 109 returnee families in Kirkuk, most of who returned in late 2008 and early 2009 because of a combination of improved security in their home communities and difficult conditions in displacement. Interviewed returnee families stated that they were most in need of food, shelter, and water, much like IDPs in the governorate.
RETURN POTENTIAL
What are the Intentions of those displaced FROM Kirkuk? IDPs Originally from Kirkuk are located in: Displaced in Locally Resettle in Return to Waiting Governorate # Families Percentage integrate a third their place on one or Kirkuk 3131 42.2% in the location of origin several current factors to Salah al-Din 2434 32.8% location make a Thi-Qar 278 3.8% decision Basrah 234 3.2% Total Displaced FROM 20.6% 28.8% 47.4% 3.2% Qadissiya 227 3.1% Kirkuk Kerbala 214 2.9% Babylon 14.3% 26.5% 59.2% 0.0% Baghdad 188 2.5% Baghdad 20.7% 21.3% 57.4% 0.5% Erbil 146 2.0% Basrah 88.5% 10.3% 1.3% 0.0% Ninewa 114 1.5% Dahuk 45.5% 22.7% 31.8% 0.0% Missan 104 1.4% Diyala 4.3% 4.3% 91.3% 0.0% Erbil 19.9% 5.5% 74.7% 0.0% Babylon 98 1.3% Kerbala 9.3% 54.7% 32.7% 3.3% Najaf 91 1.2% Missan 50.0% 18.3% 27.9% 3.8% Wassit 69 0.9% Najaf 3.3% 0.0% 96.7% 0.0% Sulaymaniyah 39 0.5% Ninewa 1.8% 46.4% 50.0% 1.8% Diyala 23 0.3% Qadissiya 47.1% 40.1% 12.8% 0.0% Dahuk 22 0.3% Salah al-Din 5.6% 66.9% 23.4% 4.1% Total Assessed 7412 100% Sulaymaniyah 35.9% 5.1% 59.0% 0.0% Kirkuk 23.6% 0.4% 73.0% 3.0% Thi-Qar 44.2% 26.6% 21.2% 7.9% Wassit 40.6% 46.4% 0.0% 13.0%
Potential for Future Returns in Kirkuk IOM has assessed 7,412 families displaced from Kirkuk throughout Iraq. 42% of these families are displaced within their home governorate of Kirkuk, and 33% are from Salah al-Din. Of families originating from Kirkuk, 47% would like to return to their places of origin in Kirkuk. 73% of those displaced within their home governorate of Kirkuk would like to return to their homes, while 23% of those displaced within Kirkuk would like to remain and integrate where they currently are.
Of the 2,434 families displaced in Salah al-Din from Kirkuk, only 23% would like to return, while most would like to resettle in a different location.
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ADRESSING IDP AND RETURNEE NEEDS
IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) works to mitigate emergency needs while looking at sustainable measures such as income-generating activities as part of the transition from relief to recovery.
May 2009 – Distribution of food and non-food essentials to vulnerable individuals
Many sites around the country still require emergency materials, given the constant flows of people and changing security environment. This project distributed essential items to 1,200 IDP, returnee, and vulnerable host community families.
RECOMMENDED FUTURE PROJECTS IN KIRKUK IOM Ongoing and Recently Completed Projects in Kirkuk IOM’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) maintains a database of project recommendations submitted by IOM field monitors and others January 2009 – Distribution of working in Iraq. Along with those on the first page, the following are essential non-food items and fuel to also applicable Dahuk: female-headed households ¾ The construction and drilling of a well for 37 Turkmen IDP February 2009 – Specialized training families forced to evacuate government lands and lack access to course for family members of potable water disabled children - Access to clean drinking water helps prevent outbreaks of cholera
May 2009 – Distribution of food and non-food essentials to IDPs in ¾ Address the food and essential non food item shortages of 73 Kirkuk district IDP families in Kirkuk’s Al-Entissar village - IOM’s non-food item distributions provide beneficiaries with essential goods July 2009 – IOM monitoring of IDPs such as shelter materials, cooking supplies, and hygiene kits and returnees ¾ The installation of a water pipe extension and pump in Ghaar village
Please note that displacement and return are occurring on a continuous basis, and IOM strives to update this information as frequently as possible. Through its monitoring and needs assessments, IOM has also developed periodic displacement updates, yearly and mid-year reviews, returnee needs assessments, and other reports. For these and information on the IOM’s needs assessment methodology, see http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html.
For further information on IDPs and returnees in Iraq, please contact Rex Alamban, Head of IOM Iraq Joint Operations Cell at [email protected] or Liana Paris, IOM Monitoring Officer, at [email protected] (+962 6 565 9660 extensions 1067 and 1033).
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