“ WE JUST WANT SOMEONE TO PROTECT US” Civilian Protection Challenges in Kirkuk 1 RECOGNIZE. PREVENT. PROTECT. AMEND. PROTECT. PREVENT. RECOGNIZE. Cover Civilians living amidst homes damaged T +1 202 558 6958 during fighting between ISIS and E [email protected] Peshmerga in a village in Kirkuk, 2016. civiliansinconflict.org Sahr Muhammedally/CIVIC December 2019 Report designed by Dena Verdesca. ABOUT CENTER FOR CIVILIANS IN CONFLICT Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC) is an international organization dedicated to promoting the protection of civilians caught in conflict. CIVIC’s mission is to work with armed actors and civilians in conflict to develop and implement solutions to prevent, mitigate, and respond to civilian harm. Our vision is a world where parties to armed conflict recognize the dignity and rights of civilians, prevent civilian harm, protect civilians caught in conflict, and amend harm. CIVIC was established in 2003 by Marla Ruzicka, a young humanitarian who advocated on behalf of civilian war victims and their families in Iraq and Afghanistan. Building on her extraordinary legacy, CIVIC now operates in conflict zones throughout the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and South Asia to advance a higher standard of protection for civilians. At CIVIC, we believe that parties to armed conflict have a responsibility to prevent and address civilian harm. To accomplish this, we assess the causes of civilian harm in particular conflicts, craft practical solutions to address that harm, and advocate the adoption of new policies and practices that lead to the improved wellbeing of civilians caught in conflict. Recognizing the power of collaboration, we engage with civilians, governments, militaries, and international and regional institutions to identify and institutionalize strengthened protections for civilians in conflict. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This policy brief was written by Paula Garcia, CIVIC’s Iraq researcher, reviewed and edited by Ali Al-Assaf, Iraq Country Director and Sahr Muhammedally, CIVIC Middle East and South Asia Director. Shannon N. Green, Senior Director of Programs, Natalie Sikorski, Program Officer in the Middle East and South Asia program, and Daniel Chinitz, Communications Consultant, provided additional editing support. Mohammed Nooraldeen, CIVIC Iraq Program Associate and Hana Qader, CIVIC translator and fixer, provided research assistance in Kirkuk. CIVIC is grateful to the civilians, community leaders, members of the security forces, and government representatives who agreed to participate in our interviews and share with us their perceptions and concerns, and to the non-governmental organizations who supported our research and shared important insights with us. The civilians with whom CIVIC spoke have suffered immeasurably during the armed conflict and years of insecurity. We greatly appreciate their willingness to speak to us. CIVIC takes seriously our responsibility to ensure their words are translated into policies and practices that address their protection concerns. CIVIC’s work in Iraq is supported by the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO). iii Girl meets ISF officers at checkpoint in Kirkuk governorate, 2019. Omar Al-Hilali iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments iii Glossary 1 Executive Summary 2 Recommendations 4 Methodology 5 Background 6 Security Environment 8 Protection Concerns 11 During and after military operations against ISIS 11 ISIS threats and response of security forces 13 Civilian perceptions of ISF 19 Lack of Women in Security Forces 25 Harassment of Female IDPs 26 Conclusion 28 v For Humanitarian Purposes Only IRAQ - Kirkuk Governorate Production date : 18 May 2015 Reference Map with Camp Locations Kani Mil Abd Koritan Baqilan Gatiyah Ali Mulla Kayla I Kani Sahru Sheewashan Al Muftiyat Wali Mil Shaykh Kafroshi Kalkan Hawijat Harami Dawud Batirtaq Khwaru Mam Qamisq Bajuliyan Al Khafsan SHIKHAN Sayyid Rakhnawa Waldaghan Qara Rawan Shekh Awdalan Hawawan Kani Al Husan Jokul Mahmoda Ash Umar Umar Shaykh Chanagh Shaykh Upper Uthman Ash Shaykh Mindan SORANJadrok CHOMAN Muhammad Hawawan Aliqa ShuraTh ILKAdh IF Nindan Ardan Mansuri Hassunah AKRE Sayyid Gop Tepe Lower Qaisari Gawra 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