Wash Needs in Schools Iraq

COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS OF KEY INDICATORS

Note: Findings derived from WFP data are December 2019 IRAQ presented in turquoise boxes. Methodology Water Hygiene Sanitation 1 3 2 Number of HH surveys conducted by REACH Number of schools assessed by WFP Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water comes from an improved water source The water quality is perceived to be acceptable The main water source is at the school's premises Has access to handwashing facilities Has access to handwashing facilities of which is having water and soap available of which is functional of which is having soap Has access to improved sanitation facilities number of Average functional student toilets per school building number of toilets Average for students number of Average students per toilet Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has unusable toilets Is having a good structural condition of student toilets Is having a good hygienic condition of student toilets

Al-Falluja 115 88% 100% 78% 93% 100% 97% 100% 9,1 82% 0%

Al-Ramadi 80 83% 98% 81% 98% 100% 100% 100% 8,6 93% 0%

Al-Anbar Ana 74 31 44% 65% 87% 49% 72% 94% 94% 64% 66% 62% 94% 5,8 5,4 36 90% 90% 23% 100% 71%

Heet 87 72% 100% 60% 100% 93% 97% 100% 9,0 88% 0%

Shat Al-Arab 98 12% 92% 83% 11% 7,2 91 77% 56% 46% Al-Basrah

Al-Khidhir 70 50% 66% 76% 11% 5,8 69 79% 74% 32% Al-Muthanna

Al-Kufa 120 21% 46% 71% 99% 100% 23% 99% 6.5 71% 27%

Al-Najaf Al-Najaf 94 2% 95% 98% 100% 100% 4% 100% 6.1 96% 1%

Al-Diwaniya 28 75% 92% 8% 100% 96% 52% 100% 5.3 96% 21%

Al-Hamza 129 65% 82% 92% 10% 4.6 74 48% 50% 41% Al-Qadissiya

Al-Sulaymaniyah 70 78% 100% 91% 100% 100% 83% 100% 4.4 43% 0%

Chamchamal 42 57% 98% 48% 100% 95% 64% 100% 4.3 20% 20%

Derbendikhan 57 68% 95% 61% 90% 95% 79% 98% 4.1 31% 5%

Dokan 34 83% 100% 83% 100% 94% 61% 100% 2.8 37% 3%

Al-Sulaymaniyah Halabcha 50 83% 98% 75% 86% 95% 89% 97% 4.3 22% 2%

Kalar 67 95% 100% 82% 100% 98% 100% 94% 8.1 92% 0%

Rania 42 91% 97% 81% 96% 99% 79% 99% 4.6 34% 4%

Al-Hilla 57 88% 100% 78% 98% 97% 100% 100% 9.0 89% 0% Babil

Al-Adhamiya 36 97% 95% 95% 100% 100% 100% 8.9 92% 0%

Baghdad Al-Kadhmiyah 77 84% 100% 71% 97% 97% 100% 9.7 70% 0%

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW

December 2019 IRAQ

Water Hygiene Sanitation 1 3 2 Number of HH surveys conducted Number of HH by REACH Number of schools assessed by WFP Drinking water from a water source is available at the time of data collection Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water comes from an improved water source The water quality is perceived to be acceptable The main water source is at the school's premises Is having access to handwashing facilities Is having access to handwashing facilities of which is having water and soap available of which is functional of which is having soap Has access to improved sanitation facilities number of Average functional student toilets number of toilets Average for students number of Average students per toilet Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has access to student toilets separated by gender Is having unusable toilets Is having a good structural condition of student toilets Is having a good hygienic condition of student toilets

Al-Karkh 71 93% 99% 93% 97% 99% 100% 9.9 85% 1%

Al-Mahmoudiya 99 91% 98% 98% 100% 93% 100% 9.1 79% 0% Baghdad Al-Risafa 40 95% 100% 98% 100% 98% 100% 9.7 95% 0%

Al-Muqdadiya 37 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2.8 15%

Baladruz 80 18% 81% 92% 38% 3.7 89 51% 68% 60%

Baquba 73 93% 98% 85% 98% 89% 87% 100% 2.5 5% 11% Diyala

Khanaqin 128 56% 78% 40% 86% 81% 55% 98% 7.2 72% 23%

Kifri 49 81% 96% 51% 100% 100% 58% 100% 9.7 94%

Al-Amadiya 64 88% 89% 53% 88% 92% 48% 100% 7.8 84% 22%

Duhok 90 81% 95% 58% 91% 94% 49% 94% 5.6 66% 10%

Duhok Sumail 170 78% 93% 48% 94% 89% 37% 99% 6.3 87% 12%

Zakho 89 93% 100% 39% 97% 88% 36% 98% 6.7 80% 18%

Erbil 104 82% 98% 89% 87% 98% 63% 96% 6.6 96% 5%

Koysinjaq 55 89% 100% 87% 80% 98% 75% 98% 5.6 100% 0%

Makhmour 75 91% 100% 67% 92% 96% 54% 100% 5.4 99% 1% Erbil

Rawanduz 53 82% 95% 82% 84% 95% 38% 100% 5.5 55% 7%

Shaqlawa 57 91% 100% 98% 93% 98% 61% 100% 6.2 93% 0%

Al-Hindiya 42 60% 57% 24% 95% 100% 100% 4.8 57% 52%

Kerbala Kerbela 114 69% 69% 39% 93% 98% 1% 100% 4.4 53% 54%

Al-Hawiga 70 89% 80% 66% 86% 87% 70% 94% 3.9 73% 6%

Daquq 118 62 75% 34% 71% 77% 84% 92% 89% 63% 73% 67% 98% 3.6 4.1 49 45% 55% 11% 67% 63%

Kirkuk Dibis 79 83% 92% 67% 99% 94% 61% 87% 3.9 56% 0%

Kirkuk 158 95% 96% 25% 97% 99% 48% 94% 4.7 83% 0%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW

December 2019 IRAQ

Water Hygiene Sanitation 1 3 2 Number of HH surveys conducted by REACH Number of schools assessed by WFP Drinking water from a water source is available at the time of data collection Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water comes from an improved water source The water quality is perceived to be acceptable The main water source is at the school's premises Is having access to handwashing facilities Is having access to handwashing facilities of which is having water and soap available of which is functional of which is having soap Has access to improved sanitation facilities number of Average functional student toilets number of toilets Average for students number of Average students per toilet Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has access to student toilets separated by gender Is having unusable toilets Is having a good structural condition of student toilets Is having a good hygienic condition of student toilets

Al-Kahla 72 91% 47% 86% 96% 98% 88% 100% 4.6 97% 8%

Maysan Qalat Saleh 65 82% 77% 8% 3.5 125 57% 54% 29%

Al-Baaj 139 20% 9% 15% 52% 77% 25% 90% 5.9 57% 37%

Al-Hamdaniya 96 81% 82% 64% 76% 95% 79% 97% 5.3 66% 7%

Al-Hatra 101 68% 38% 41% 65% 82% 84% 98% 4.5 71% 28%

Al-Mosul 237 88% 99% 87% 92% 90% 88% 97% 4.5 90% 14%

Al-Shikhan 139 85% 95% 68% 93% 91% 42% 99% 5.6 76% 12% Ninewa

Aqra 86 86% 99% 83% 76% 95% 43% 100% 6.5 89% 3%

Sinjar 156 69% 65% 55% 75% 61% 70% 67% 4.0 56% 37%

Telafar 158 102 73% 79% 99% 66% 87% 77% 95% 91% 84% 45% 98% 4.8 5.9 80 79% 62% 26% 89% 33%

Tilkaef 131 91% 100% 68% 96% 87% 86% 100% 4.9 76% 16%

Al-Daur 44 57% 93% 39% 98% 98% 33% 97% 4.1 83% 39%

Al-Shirqat 153 88% 98% 78% 92% 86% 72% 92% 4.7 56% 9%

Baiji 74 88% 100% 74% 82% 90% 78% 98% 5.0 39% 10%

Balad 36 53% 97% 51% 34% 5.2 55 69% 80% 54% Salah Al-Din

Tikrit 102 93% 98% 66% 90% 96% 85% 85% 5.1 41% 3%

Tooz Khurmato 147 72% 91% 38% 89% 66% 57% 93% 4.5 49% 27%

Al-Chibayish 87 3% 82% 1% 4.9 58 84% 48% 5%

Thi Qar Al-Nasiriya 44 100% 100% 88% 100% 97% 94% 100% 7.3 100% 9%

Al-Kut 53 52% 46% 7% 93% 98% 6% 100% 5.5 85% 43%

Wassit Al-Suwaira 59 27% 86% 12% 94% 99% 1% 100% 6.2 87% 20%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Anbar GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- Al-Sulaymaniyah called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of Assessed district (REACH)* emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Ninewa Kirkuk Assessed district (REACH WFP)* reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA IRAN whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 Unassessed district IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. na On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations eet Diyala residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, lamadi Baghdad 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations AAnar lFallua from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Wassit representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children Kerbala Babil have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme Al-Qadissiya (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Al-Najaf teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or REACH and WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Falluja DISTRICT HYGIENE 115 surveys with HHs with school-going children (50%) 100% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 231 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 97% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility7 at school, of whom all reported a 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. to drinking water from an improved water source6 at school, of whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 9.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 78% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 82% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school.

93% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets8 at school to be located at the school's premises. school at the time of data collection.

1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Of the 10 districts where schools have been assessed by WFP, 3 districts were the same as where REACH has conducted HH surveys. 6 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 7 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 8 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Anbar GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Al-Ramadi DISTRICT HYGIENE 80 surveys with HHs with school-going children (49%) 100% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 164 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 100% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 83% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a 98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 8.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 81% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 93% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 98% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection. Ana DISTRICT 74 surveys with HHs with school-going children (65%) Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the out of the total number of 113 HHs conducted by REACH main water source at their children's school: 31 schools (100%) in 21 school buildings (100%) out of the total At the school's premises 72% number of 31 schools in 21 school buildings assessed by WFP* Within 500m distance 14% Don't know 8% WATER At more than 500m distance 6% 72+1486E 65% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a 44% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from water source available to students, of which the following types a water source available at school at the time of data collection. were reported to be available:

Piped water supply 95% 87% of HHs reported their children usually having access to Water tanker 5% drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. 95+5E

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having HYGIENE access to the following types of water source at school: 94% of HHs reported their children having access to Piped water supply 87% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 64% of HHs reported No water source available 11% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Don't know 1% 87+112E 94% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities 49% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water available to students, of which 66% were reportedly functional usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. and 62% reportedly had soap. 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, functional or private. *Findings derived from WFP data are presented in turquoise boxes.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Anbar GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

 SANITATION 90% of schools were reported to have toilets available which are separated by gender for students and 81% of schools reportedly 94% of HHs reported their children having access to an had these for teachers.2 improved sanitation facility1 at school. Of the 23% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: used type of sanitation facility at school: 81+75+69 There is no water in the toilets 81% Flush or pour toilet 94% The toilets are not maintained 75% Hanging toilet 4% The toilets have no locks 69% No toilet available 1% 94+42E Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following 5.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for sanitation issues for student toilets: students at school. 6+6+3 There is no water in the toilets 6% Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: The toilets need rehabilitation 6% The toilets need maintenance 3% Number of toilets for students 5.4 Number of students per toilet 36 Number of toilets for teachers 2.0 Number of teachers per toilet 14 Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: Toilets for students Toilets for teachers 90% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Good Bad Good Bad separated by gender at school. Structural condition 100% 0% 100% 0% Hygienic condition 71% 29% 100% 0% Heet DISTRICT 87 surveys with HHs with school-going children (38%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 230 HHs conducted by REACH 93% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 97% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

72% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access improved sanitation facility1 at school, of whom all reported a 4 to drinking water from an improved water source at school, of flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 9.0 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 60% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 88% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 3 school to be located at the school's premises. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at school at the time of data collection.

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were also considered to be separated by gender if the school only had one gender of students/teachers. 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 4 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Basrah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of Maysan emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA IRAN whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 Thi Qar IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of hat lrab origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 lasrah returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Al-Muthanna representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (WFP)* teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Unassessed district falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Shat Al-Arab DISTRICT  SANITATION

98 schools (100%) in 67 school buildings (100%) out of the total Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: number of 98 schools in 67 school buildings assessed by WFP* Number of toilets for students 7.2 Number of students per toilet 91 Number of toilets for teachers 2.2 Number of teachers per toilet 11 WATER 77% of schools were reported to have toilets available which are separated by gender for students and 59% of schools reportedly 12% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a had these for teachers.6 water source available to students, of which the following types were reported to be available: 10% of schools were reported to have unusable student toilets. Water tanker 55% Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following Piped water supply 45% 55+45E sanitation issues for student toilets: 13+4+3 The toilets need rehabilitation 13% The toilets have no doors / broken doors 4% HYGIENE The toilets are in a bad condition 3%

Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: 92% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities Toilets for students Toilets for teachers available to students, of which 83% were reportedly functional Good Bad Good Bad and 11% reportedly had soap. Structural condition 56% 44% 80% 20% Hygienic condition 46% 54% 76% 24%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Muthanna GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Assessed district (WFP)* Al-Qadissiya SYRIA reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of Unassessed district Maysan whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IRAN IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in lhidhir Thi Qar need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. Al-Najaf On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Al-Basrah representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each lMuthanna population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Khidhir DISTRICT  SANITATION 70 schools (100%) in 62 school buildings (100%) out of the total Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: number of 70 schools in 62 school buildings assessed by WFP* Number of toilets for students 5.8 Number of students per toilet 69 Number of toilets for teachers 2.1 Number of teachers per toilet 12 WATER 79% of schools were reported to have toilets available which are separated by gender for students and 63% of schools 50% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a reportedly had these for teachers.6 water source available to students, of which the following types were reported to be available: 37% of schools were reported to have unusable student toilets. Water tanker 94% Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following

Piped water supply 6% sanitation issues for student toilets: 41+17+6+6 94+6E The toilets need maintenance 41% There is no water in the toilets 17% The toilets have no doors 6% HYGIENE The toilets are in a bad condition 6%

Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities 66% Toilets for students Toilets for teachers available to students, of which 76% were reportedly functional Good Bad Good Bad and 11% reportedly had soap. Structural condition 74% 26% 81% 19% Hygienic condition 32% 68% 76% 24%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Najaf GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY Kerbala Babil Wassit Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- SYRIA IRAN called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of Al-Anbar lufa emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of Al-Qadissiya whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2

IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide lNaaf an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for lNaaf Thi Qar populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with Al-Muthanna out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Assessed district (REACH)* facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all Unassessed district data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Kufa DISTRICT

120 surveys with HHs with school-going children (71%) 71% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 168 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the WATER main water source at their children's school:

At the school's premises 99% 21% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At more than 500m distance 1% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 99+1E

46% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source5 at school. HYGIENE

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 23% of HHs reported No water source available 53% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Piped water source 46% Don't know 1% 53+46+1E

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Najaf GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

 SANITATION

99% of HHs reported their children having access to an 71% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school, of whom all reported a separated by gender at school. flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Of the 27% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 6.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

students at school. 65+45+3+3 The toilets are not maintained 65% The toilets have no locks 45% There is no water in the toilets 3% There is no space / it is too crowded 3% Al-Najaf DISTRICT 94 surveys with HHs with school-going children (80%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 117 HHs conducted by REACH

100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 4% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

2% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

95% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. improved sanitation facility1 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 6.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Piped water supply 95% No water source available 5% 95+5E 96% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 98% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. Of the 1% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 57+43+7 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's The toilets are not maintained 57% school to be located at the school's premises. The toilets have no locks 43% There is no water in the toilets 7%

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Qadissiya GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA IRAN whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 Babil IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in Wassit need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations lianiya residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, ladissiya 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each 4 population group at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children lama have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school Thi Qar which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme Al-Najaf Al-Muthanna (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the Assessed district (REACH)* standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (WFP)* teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Unassessed district falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Diwaniya DISTRICT

28 surveys with HHs with school-going children (27%) 8% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 102 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

WATER 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises.

75% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. HYGIENE 92% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 6 drinking water from an improved water source at school, of 96% of HHs reported their children having access to whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 52% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Qadissiya GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

 SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 96% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school, of whom all reported a flush separated by gender at school. or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Of the 21% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 5.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 100+100+20 students at school. The toilets are not maintained 100% The toilets have no locks 100% There is no space / it is too crowded 20% Al-Hamza DISTRICT

129 schools (86%) in 64 school buildings (57%) out of the total  SANITATION number of 150 schools in 113 school buildings assessed by WFP*

Average number of toilets reported to be available at school:

Number of toilets for students 4.6 Number of students per toilet 74 Number of toilets for teachers 1.6 Number of teachers per toilet 11 WATER

65% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a 48% of schools were reported to have toilets available which water source available to students, of which the following types are separated by gender for students and 65% of schools were reported to be available: reportedly had these for teachers.3

Piped water supply 91% Water tanker 7% Well 1% 92+71E Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following sanitation issues for student toilets: 12+11+9+9+3 There is no water in the toilets 12% The toilets need maintenance 11% HYGIENE The toilets have no locks 9% The toilets are in a bad condition 9% The toilets need rehabilitation 3% 82% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities available to students, of which 92% were reportedly functional and reportedly had soap. 10% Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition:

Toilets for students Toilets for teachers Good Bad Good Bad Structural condition 50% 50% 63% 37% Hygienic condition 41% 59% 58% 42%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Sulaymaniyah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- SYRIA called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of IRAN emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Erbil ania reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of oan SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for lulaymaniyah populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which Kirkuk lulaymaniyah alabha host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International hamhamal Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July erbendihan 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% alar margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with Salah Al-Din school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Diyala Assessed district (REACH)* facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all Unassessed district data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Sulaymaniyah DISTRICT HYGIENE

70 surveys with HHs with school-going children (57%) 100% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 123 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 83% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 78% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility6 at school, with as most commonly 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access to used type: 5 drinking water from an improved water source at school, with Flush or pour toilet 65% as mainly used type: Pit latrine with slab and platform 35% Piped water supply 96% 65+35E Protected well/spring 4% 4.4 was the reported average number of functional toilets for 96+4E students at school. 91% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 43% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their 7 children's school to be located at the school's premises. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at school at the time of data collection.

1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Sulaymaniyah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Chamchamal DISTRICT HYGIENE 42 surveys with HHs with school-going children (41%) 95% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 102 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 64% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 57% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from improved sanitation facility2 at school, with as most commonly a water source available at school at the time of data collection. used type: Flush or pour toilet 82% 98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to Pit latrine with slab and platform 18% drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of 82+18E whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 4.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school.

48% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 20% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school.

Of the 20% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: school to be located at the school's premises. 89+78+78+56 There is no water in the toilets 89% There is no space / it is too crowded 78% The toilets have no locks 78% The toilets are not maintained 56% Derbendikhan DISTRICT 57 surveys with HHs with school-going children (56%) out of the total number of 102 HHs conducted by REACH 61% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 68% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from main water source at their children's school: a water source available at school at the time of data collection. At the school's premises 90% At more than 500m distance 8% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 95% Don't know 2% drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. 90+82E Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having HYGIENE access to the following types of water source at school: Piped water supply 93% 95% of HHs reported their children having access to No water source available 3% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 79% of HHs reported Protected well/spring 2% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Rainwater tank 2% 93+32E 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Sulaymaniyah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

98% of HHs reported their children having access to an 31% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school. separated by gender at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: Of the 5% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

Flush or pour toilet 61% 100+100+67+67 Pit latrine with slab and platform 37% There is no water in the toilets 100% Pit latrine without slab or plaform 2% 61+372E The toilets have no locks 100% The toilets are not maintained 67% 4.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for There is no space / it is too crowded 67% students at school. Dokan DISTRICT 34 surveys with HHs with school-going children (47%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 73 HHs conducted by REACH 94% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 61% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

83% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility1 at school, with as most commonly 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access used type: to drinking water from an improved water source3 at school, of whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Flush or pour toilet 71% Pit latrine with slab and platform 29% 71+29E 83% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 2.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

37% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises. 3% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets2 at school at the time of data collection.

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Sulaymaniyah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Halabcha DISTRICT HYGIENE 50 surveys with HHs with school-going children (52%) out of the total number of 97 HHs conducted by REACH 95% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 89% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 83% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 97% of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. improved sanitation facility2 at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly access to the following types of water source at school: used type of sanitation facility at school:

Piped water supply 97% Flush or pour toilet 68% Protected well/spring 2% Pit latrine with slab and platform 29% No water source available 2% 96+2E No toilet available 2% Don't know 2% 67+292E 75% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 4.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: 22% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets At the school's premises 86% separated by gender at school. Within 500m distance 7% 3 At more than 500m distance 5% 2% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at Don't know 2% 86+752E school at the time of data collection. Kalar DISTRICT

67 surveys with HHs with school-going children (61%) 82% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 110 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

WATER 100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises.

95% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. HYGIENE

100% of HHs reported their children usually having access 98% of HHs reported their children having access to to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 100% of HHs whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Al-Sulaymaniyah GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

94% of HHs reported their children having access to an 8.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for improved sanitation facility1 at school. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 92% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets used type of sanitation facility at school: separated by gender at school.

Flush or pour toilet 91% 2 Pit latrine without slab or platform 6% 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at Pit latrine with slab and platform 3% 91+63E school at the time of data collection. Rania DISTRICT 42 surveys with HHs with school-going children (43%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 98 HHs conducted by REACH 99% of HHs reported their children having access to WATER handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 79% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  a water source available at school at the time of data collection. SANITATION

97% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 99% of HHs reported their children having access to an 1 drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. improved sanitation facility at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having used type of sanitation facility at school: access to the following types of water source at school: Flush or pour toilet 74% Piped water supply 96% Pit latrine with slab and platform 25% Protected well/spring 1% Don't know 1% No water source available 1% 74+251E Don't know 1% 96+1E 4.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 81% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 34% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the 4% of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 100+67+67+33 At the school's premises 96% There is no water in the toilets 100% At more than 500m distance 3% There is no space / it is too crowded 67% Don't know 1% 96+31E The toilets have no locks 67% The toilets are not maintained 33%

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Babil GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- Baghdad SYRIA IRAN called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of Al-Anbar emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Wassit reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2

IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for Kerbala populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which abil host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International lilla Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with Al-Qadissiya out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Al-Najaf Assessed district (REACH)* facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, Unassessed district findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Hilla DISTRICT HYGIENE 57 surveys with HHs with school-going children (39%) out of the total number of 148 HHs conducted by REACH 97% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 100% of HHs reported water and WATER soap to be available at the time of data collection.

88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

of HHs reported their children having access to an 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access 100% improved sanitation facility6 at school, of whom all reported a flush to drinking water from an improved water source5 at school, of or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type.

9.0 was the reported average number of functional toilets for 78% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water students at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 89% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the separated by gender at school. main water source at their children's school:

7 At the school's premises 98% 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at Don't know 2% 98+2E school at the time of data collection. 1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Baghdad GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY Salah Al-Din Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- SYRIA called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of IRAN emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of Diyala whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 ldhamiya IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in ladhmiyah need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide Al-Anbar larh an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for lisafa populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which aghdad host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with lMahmoudiya out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% 4 margin of error for each population group at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with Wassit school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Assessed district (REACH)* facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all Babil Unassessed district data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, Kerbala findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Adhamiya DISTRICT HYGIENE 36 surveys with HHs with school-going children (30%) out of the total number of 121 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 100% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

97% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 95% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility6 at school, of whom all reported a flush drinking water from an improved water source5 at school. or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 8.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Piped water supply 95% Rainwater tank 3% 92% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Don't know 3% 94+3E separated by gender at school. 95% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 7 usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at school at the time of data collection.

1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Baghdad GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Al-Kadhmiyah DISTRICT HYGIENE

77 surveys with HHs with school-going children (31%) 97% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing out of the total number of 251 HHs conducted by REACH facilities at school. Of these, 97% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 84% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, with 9.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for as mainly used type: students at school. Piped water supply 98% Protected well/spring 2% 70% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets 98+2E separated by gender at school. 71% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection. Al-Karkh DISTRICT 71 surveys with HHs with school-going children (36%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 196 HHs conducted by REACH 97% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 99% of HHs reported water and WATER soap to be available at the time of data collection. 93% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

99% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 9.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Piped water supply 98% Tanker/truck/cart 1% 85% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Protected well/spring 1% 98+1E separated by gender at school.

93% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 3 1% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. school at the time of data collection.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Baghdad GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Al-Mahmoudiya DISTRICT HYGIENE 99 surveys with HHs with school-going children (38%) out of the total number of 258 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 93% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an of HHs reported their children usually having access to 98% improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having 9.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for access to the following types of water source at school: students at school.

Piped water supply 98% 79% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Tanker/truck/cart 2% 98+2E separated by gender at school. of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 98% 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. school at the time of data collection. Al-Risafa DISTRICT 40 surveys with HHs with school-going children (43%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 94 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 98% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 95% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of 9.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. students at school. 95% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 98% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Diyala GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Al-Sulaymaniyah reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IRAN IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. ifri On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations Salah Al-Din hanaqin residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Assessed district (REACH)* Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, Assessed district (WFP)* 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations Unassessed district from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically lMuqdadiya representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each Diyaa population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school aquba which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented aladru with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Baghdad teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Wassit falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Muqdadiya DISTRICT HYGIENE 37 surveys with HHs with school-going children (32%) out of the total number of 115 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 100% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  a water source available at school at the time of data collection. SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children usually having access 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an to drinking water from an improved water source6 at school, of improved sanitation facility7 at school, of whom all reported a flush whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

100% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 2.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 15% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets school to be located at the school's premises. separated by gender at school.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Diyala GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Baladruz DISTRICT  SANITATION 80 schools (82%) in 70 school buildings (80%) out of the total Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: number of schools in school buildings assessed by WFP* 98 88 Number of toilets for students 3.7 Number of students per toilet 89 Number of toilets for teachers 1.5 Number of teachers per toilet 14 WATER 51% of schools were reported to have toilets available which are separated by gender for students and 41% of schools of schools were reported to have drinking water from a 18% reportedly had these for teachers.1 water source available to students, of which all reported piped water supply to be the used type of water source. Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following 2

sanitation issues for student toilets: 14+5 HYGIENE The toilets need rehabilitation 14% The toilets are in a bad condition 5%

81% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: available to students, of which 92% were reportedly functional Toilets for students Toilets for teachers and 38% reportedly had soap. Good Bad Good Bad Structural condition 68% 32% 77% 23% Hygienic condition 60% 40% 78% 22% Baquba DISTRICT 73 surveys with HHs with school-going children (56%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 130 HHs conducted by REACH 89% of HHs reported their children having access to WATER handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 87% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 93% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 4 drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. improved sanitation facility at school, with as most commonly used type: Flush or pour toilet 98% Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Pit latrine with slab and platform 2% access to the following types of water source at school: 2.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Piped water supply 98% students at school. Unprotected well/spring 2% 5% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 85% separated by gender at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. Of the 11% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the toilets5 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: main water source at their children's school: 86+14 At the school's premises 98% The toilets have no locks 86% Within 500m distance 2% There is no space / it is too crowded 14% *Findings derived from WFP data are presented in turquoise coloured boxes. 1 Toilets were also considered to be separated by gender if the school only had one gender of students/teachers. 2 Findings are based on 40 schools (50% of dataset) only. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 4 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 5 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Diyala GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Khanaqin DISTRICT HYGIENE 128 surveys with HHs with school-going children (56%) 81% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 230 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 55% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 56% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

78% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. improved sanitation facility2 at school, with as most commonly used type: Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Flush or pour toilet 78% Pit latrine with slab and platform 20% access to the following types of water source at school: Piped water supply 72% 7.2 was the reported average number of functional toilets for No water source available 16% students at school. Protected well/spring 6% Unprotected well/spring 4% 72+1664E 72% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 40% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. Of the 23% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 85+58+55+27 main water source at their children's school: The toilets have no locks 85% At the school's premises 86% There is no water in the toilets 58% At more than 500m distance 8% The toilets are not maintained 55% Within 500m distance 2% 86+82E There is no space / it is too crowed 27% Kifri DISTRICT 49 surveys with HHs with school-going children (48%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 102 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to WATER handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 58% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 81% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

96% of HHs reported their children usually having access to 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

51% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 9.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 94% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets school to be located at the school's premises. separated by gender at school. 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Duhok GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Assessed district (REACH)* Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- SYRIA called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of IRAN emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2

On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide aho an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which lmadiya host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International uho Erbil Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with umail uho out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Ninewa facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Amadiya DISTRICT HYGIENE 64 surveys with HHs with school-going children (72%) 92% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 89 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 48% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility6 at school, with as most commonly used type: 89% of HHs reported their children usually having access to Flush or pour toilet 86% drinking water from an improved water source5 at school, of Pit latrine with slab and platform 14% whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 7.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 53% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 84% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: 22% toilets7 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: At the school's premises 88% 100+13+13+13 The toilets are not maintained 100% At more than 500m distance 5% There is no water in the toilets 13% Within 500m distance 4% There is no space / it is too crowded 13% Don't know 3% 88+543E The toilets have no locks 13% 1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Duhok GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Duhok DISTRICT HYGIENE 90 surveys with HHs with school-going children (74%) 94% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 121 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 49% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

WATER  SANITATION

81% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from 94% of HHs reported their children having access to an a water source available at school at the time of data collection. improved sanitation facility2 at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 95% of HHs reported their children usually having access to used type of sanitation facility at school: drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of Flush or pour toilet 71% whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Pit latrine with slab and platform 21% Pit latrine without slab or plaform 4% 58% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water Don't know 3% 71+2143E usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 5.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 66% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets main water source at their children's school: separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 91% Don't know 5% Of the 10% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 3

Within 500m distance 3% toilets at school at the time of data collection,100+38+25+13 reasons were: At more than 500m distance 1% 91+531E The toilets are not maintained 100% The toilets have no locks 38% There is no space / it is too crowded 25% There is no water in the toilets 13% Sumail DISTRICT 170 surveys with HHs with school-going children (71%) out of the total number of 239 HHs conducted by REACH Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school:

WATER At the school's premises 94% Within 500m distance 4% 78% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At more than 500m distance 2% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 94+42E 93% of HHs reported their children usually having access to HYGIENE drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 89% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 37% of HHs reported of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 48% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Duhok GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

99% of HHs reported their children having access to an 6.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for improved sanitation facility1 at school. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 87% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets used type of sanitation facility at school: separated by gender at school. Flush or pour toilet 77% Of the 12% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Pit latrine with slab and platform 21% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: Pit VIP toilet 1% 95+17+14+12 The toilets are not maintained 95% Don't know 1% 77+211E The toilets have no locks 17% There is no space / it is too crowed 14% There is no water in the toilets 12% Zakho DISTRICT 89 surveys with HHs with school-going children (79%)  out of the total number of 113 HHs conducted by REACH SANITATION

WATER 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility1 at school. 93% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access to Flush or pour toilet 75% drinking water from an improved water source3 at school, with Pit latrine with slab and platform 23% as mainly used type: Piped water supply 99% Hanging toilet 1% Protected well/spring 1% No toilet available 1% 75+231E 39% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 6.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: 80% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 97% Don't know 2% At more than 500m distance 1% Of the 18% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 97+21E toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 78+28+22+17 HYGIENE The toilets are not maintained 78% There is no water in the toilets 28% 88% of HHs reported their children having access to The toilets have no locks 22% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 36% of HHs reported There is no space / it is too crowded 17% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by as defined by the JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Erbil GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

SYRIA Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- Duhok called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of IRAN emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of aandu whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2

IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide Ninewa haqlaa an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which Eri host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International rbil Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July oysinaq 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% Mahmour Al-Sulaymaniyah margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Kirkuk Assessed district (REACH)* facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all Salah Al-Din data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, Unassessed district findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section. Erbil DISTRICT HYGIENE 98% of HHs reported their children having access to 104 surveys with HHs with school-going children (59%) handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 63% of HHs reported out of the total number of 177 HHs conducted by REACH water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION

82% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from 96% of HHs reported their children having access to an 6 a water source available at school at the time of data collection. improved sanitation facility at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to used type of sanitation facility at school: 5 drinking water from an improved water source at school, with Flush or pour toilet 89% as mainly used type: Pit latrine with slab and platform 8% Piped water supply 96% Hanging toilet 2% Protected well/spring 2% Pit latrine without slab or platform 2% 88+82E 89% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 6.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school. 96% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the separated by gender at school. main water source at their children's school: Of the 5% of HHs who reported their children having unusable At the school's premises 87% toilets7 at school at the time of data collection, main reasons were: At more than 500m distance 11% 100+66 Within 500m distance 2% 87+112E The toilets are not maintained 100% The toilets have no locks 66% 1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Erbil GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Koysinjaq DISTRICT HYGIENE 55 surveys with HHs with school-going children (42%) of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 132 HHs conducted by REACH 98% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 75% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 89% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access improved sanitation facility2 at school, with as most commonly to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of used type: whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Flush or pour toilet 85% Pit latrine with slab and platform 13% 87% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 5.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 100% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets main water source at their children's school: separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 80% At more than 500m distance 11% 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at Within 500m distance 9% 80+119E school at the time of data collection. Makhmour DISTRICT 75 surveys with HHs with school-going children (60%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 125 HHs conducted by REACH 96% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 54% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  a water source available at school at the time of data collection. SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children usually having access 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 2 to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of improved sanitation facility at school, with as most commonly whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. used type: Flush or pour toilet 79% Pit latrine with slab and platform 21% 67% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 5.4 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 99% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets main water source at their children's school: separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 92% 1% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at Within 500m distance 8% school at the time of data collection.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Erbil GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Rawanduz DISTRICT HYGIENE 53 surveys with HHs with school-going children (44%) 95% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 120 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 38% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.  82% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 95% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility2 at school, with as most commonly 1 drinking water from an improved water source at school, of used type: Flush or pour toilet 96% whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Pit latrine with slab and platform 4% 82% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 5.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 55% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets main water source at their children's school: separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 84% Of the of HHs who reported their children having unusable At more than 500m distance 11% 7% 3 Within 500m distance 5% toilets at school at the time of data collection, the reason given 84+115E by all was: "There is no water in the toilets" Shaqlawa DISTRICT 57 surveys with HHs with school-going children (46%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 124 HHs conducted by REACH 98% of HHs reported their children having access to WATER handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 61% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. 91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children usually having access 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of improved sanitation facility2 at school, with as most commonly whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. used type: Flush or pour toilet 98% Pit latrine with slab and platform 2% 98% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 6.2 students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 93% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets main water source at their children's school: separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 93% 3 Within 500m distance 5% 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets at At more than 500m distance 2% school at the time of data collection.

1 93+52E Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Kerbala GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY Assessed district (REACH)* Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- Unassessed district SYRIA called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of IRAN emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 Al-Anbar

IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of SAUDI ARABIA origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide eraa Babil an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for lindiya populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which erbela host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with Al-Najaf school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Hindiya DISTRICT HYGIENE 42 surveys with HHs with school-going children (34%) out of the total number of 123 HHs conducted by REACH 100% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. WATER  60% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 57% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility6 at school, of whom all reported a 5 drinking water from an improved water source at school. flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 4.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Piped water supply 57% No water source available 43% 57+43E 57% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets 24% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water separated by gender at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. Of the 52% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the toilets7 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: main water source at their children's school: 100+36+14 The toilets are not maintained 100% At the school's premises 95% The toilets have no locks 36% At more than 500m distance 2% There is no water in the toilet 14% Don't know 2%

1 2 94+3E 3 IOM-DTM, October 2019. Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Kerbala GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Kerbela DISTRICT 114 surveys with HHs with school-going children (68%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 168 HHs conducted by REACH 98% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 1% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

69% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

69% of HHs reported their children usually having access to of HHs reported their children having access to an drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. 100% improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 4.4 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Piped water supply 68% students at school. No water source available 26% Don't know 5% 53% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Protected well/spring 1% 68+2651E separated by gender at school.

39% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. Of the 54% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 99+30+15+3

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the The toilets are not maintained 99% The toilets have no locks 30% main water source at their children's school: There is no water in the toilets 15% There is no space / it is too crowded 3% At the school's premises 93% Don't know 7% 93+7E

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Kirkuk GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Ninewa reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of Erbil SYRIA whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IRAN IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in ibis need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations iru residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 Al-Sulaymaniyah returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for laiga ir Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children aquq have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the Salah Al-Din standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (REACH)* Diyala teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Assessed district (REACH WFP)* falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or REACH and WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only.

Al-Hawiga DISTRICT HYGIENE 70 surveys with HHs with school-going children (58%) out of the total number of 121 HHs conducted by REACH 87% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 70% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

89% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection.  SANITATION

Piped water supply (improved water source)6 80% Flush or pour toilet (improved facility)7 93% No water source available 9% Don't know 4% Don't know 9% Pit latrine with slab & platform (improved facility)7 1% Surface water 3% 80+92E Pit latrine without slab or platform 1% 93+421E 66% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 3.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. students at school.

86% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 73% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets school to be located at the school's premises. separated by gender at school. 1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Of the 10 districts where schools have been assessed by WFP, 3 districts were the same as where REACH has conducted HH surveys. 6 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 7 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Kirkuk GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Of the 6% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets1 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 25+25 There is no space / it is too crowed 25% Daquq DISTRICT The toilets have no locks 25% 118 surveys with HHs with school-going children (58%)  out of the total number of 202 HHs conducted by REACH SANITATION 62 schools (95%) in 48 school buildings (96%) out of the total Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly number of 65 schools in 50 school buildings assessed by WFP* used type of sanitation facility at school:

WATER Flush or pour toilet (improved facility)3 97% Pit latrine without slab or plaform 2% 75% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from Pit latrine with slab & platform (improved facility)3 1% 97+21E a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 3.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having students at school. access to the following types of water source at school:

Piped water supply (improved water source)2 54% Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: Don't know 24% Number of toilets for students 4.1 Number of students per toilet 49 Protected well/spring (improved water source)2 17% Number of toilets for teachers 1.7 Number of teachers per toilet 10 No water source available 4% 54+24175E 77% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 45% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school.

of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 84% 55% of schools were reported to have toilets available which school to be located at the school's premises. are separated by gender for students and 52% of schools reportedly had these for teachers.4 34% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a water source available to students, of which the following types were reported to be available: Of the 11% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets1 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: Water tanker 71% 79+59+30 Piped water supply 29% There is no water in the toilets 79% 71+29E The toilets have no locks 59% The toilets are not maintained 30% HYGIENE 12% of schools were reported to have unusable student toilets. 92% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, of HHs reported 63% Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Toilets for students Toilets for teachers 89% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities Good Bad Good Bad available to students, of which 73% were reportedly functional Structural condition 67% 33% 73% 27% and 67% reportedly had soap. Hygienic condition 63% 37% 68% 32%

*Findings derived from WFP data are presented in turquoise coloured boxes. 1 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 2 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 3 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 4 Toilets were also considered to be separated by gender if the school only had one gender of students/teachers.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Kirkuk GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Dibis DISTRICT HYGIENE 79 surveys with HHs with school-going children (56%) 94% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 141 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 61% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 83% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: 92% of HHs reported their children usually having access to Flush or pour toilet (improved facility)2 87% drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of Pit latrine without slab or platform 13% whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 87+13E 3.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 67% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 56% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 99% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection. Kirkuk DISTRICT 158 surveys with HHs with school-going children (58%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 271 HHs conducted by REACH 99% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 48% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

95% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having used type of sanitation facility at school: access to the following types of water source at school: Flush or pour toilet (improved facility)2 93% Piped water supply (improved water source)1 86% Pit latrine without slab or platform 6% Pit latrine with slab & platform (improved facility)2 1% Protected well/spring (improved water source)1 10% 93+61E Don't know 4% 86+104E 4.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for 25% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water students at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 83% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. 97% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's school to be located at the school's premises. 0% of HHs reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection. 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Maysan GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IRAN IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in Wassit need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Maysan lahla representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented alat aleh with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme Thi Qar (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the Assessed district (REACH)* standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (WFP)* teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Al-Basrah Unassessed district falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Kahla DISTRICT 72 surveys with HHs with school-going children (47%) 86% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 152 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school:

91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At the school's premises 96% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Don't know 4% 96+4E 47% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source6 at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having HYGIENE access to the following types of water source at school: 98% of HHs reported their children having access to Piped water supply 47% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 88% of HHs reported Tanker/truck/cart 42% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. No water source available 6% Don't know 4% 47+4264E

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Maysan GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

 SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 97% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school, of whom all reported a separated by gender at school. flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

4.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Of the 8% of HHs who reported their children having unusable students at school. toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 60+53+53+7 The toilets are not maintained 60% There is no water in the toilets 53% The toilets have no locks 53% There is no space / it is too crowded 7% Qalat Saleh DISTRICT 65 schools (100%) in 56 school buildings (100%) out of the total  number of 65 schools in 56 school buildings assessed by WFP* SANITATION

Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: WATER Number of toilets for students 3.5 Number of students per toilet 125 Number of toilets for teachers 1.5 Number of teachers per toilet 10

82% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a water source available to students, of which all reportedly had 57% of schools were reported to have toilets available which piped water supply as used type of water source. are separated by gender for students and 75% of schools reportedly had these for teachers.3

HYGIENE 20% of schools were reported to have unusable student toilets.

77% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities available to students, of which 8% reportedly had soap. Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition:

Toilets for students Toilets for teachers Good Bad Good Bad Structural condition 54% 46% 62% 38% Hygienic condition 29% 71% 72% 28%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Assessed district (REACH WFP)* reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of Assessed district (REACH)* Duhok whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of 3 lhihan qra origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in elafar need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. ilaef On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide inar an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations lamdaniya residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 Erbil returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Ninea lMosul Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically laa representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school SYRIA latra IRAN which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme Kirkuk (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Al-Anbar Salah Al-Din SAUDI ARABIA falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or REACH and WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Baaj DISTRICT 139 surveys with HHs with school-going children (49%) 15% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 282 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school:

20% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At the school's premises 52% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Don't know 37% At more than 500m distance 11% 52+3711E 9% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source6 at school. HYGIENE Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 77% of HHs reported their children having access to Tanker/truck/cart 53% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 25% of HHs reported No water source available 20% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Don't know 10% Unprotected well/spring 9% 53+20109E

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

90% of HHs reported their children having access to an 5.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for improved sanitation facility1 at school. students at school.

of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 57% separated by gender at school. used type of sanitation facility at school:

Pit latrine with slab and platform 64% Of the 37% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Flush or pour toilet 24% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 98+25+12 Pit latrine without slab or plaform 7% There is no water in the toilets 98% Don't know 2% 64+2472E The toilets are not maintained 25% The toilets have no locks 12% Al-Hamdaniya DISTRICT 96 surveys with HHs with school-going children (76%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 127 HHs conducted by REACH 95% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 79% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

81% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

97% of HHs reported their children having access to an of HHs reported their children usually having access to 82% improved sanitation facility1 at school. drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having used type of sanitation facility at school: access to the following types of water source at school: Flush or pour toilet 83% Piped water supply 70% Pit latrine with slab and platform 12% Protected well/spring 12% Pit VIP toilet 2% No water source available 10% Don't know 2% 83+122E Don't know 5% 70+12105E 5.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 64% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 66% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: Of the 7% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: At the school's premises 76% 83+35+31+24 The toilets are not maintained 83% Don't know 10% There is no space / it is too crowed 35% At more than 500m distance 5% The toilets have no locks 31% Within 500m distance 3% 76+1053E There is no water in the toilets 24% 1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Al-Hatra DISTRICT HYGIENE 101 surveys with HHs with school-going children (65%) 82% of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 156 HHs conducted by REACH handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 84% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION 68% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school. 38% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Flush or pour toilet 92% access to the following types of water source at school: Pit latrine with slab and platform 6% Tanker/truck/cart 57% Pit latrine without slab or platform 1% Piped water supply 25% Plastic bag 1% 92+61E Protected well/spring 13% 4.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Rainwater tank 2% 57+25132E students at school. 41% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 71% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the 28% of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: At the school's premises 65% 93+36+29+25 At more than 500m distance 23% The toilets are not maintained 93% Within 500m distance 11% There is no water in the toilets 36% Don't know 1% 65+23111E The toilets have no locks 29% There is no space / it is too crowded 25% Al-Mosul DISTRICT 237 surveys with HHs with school-going children (70%) 87% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 338 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: At the school's premises 92% 88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At more than 500m distance 5% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Within 500m distance 3% 92+53E 99% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, with HYGIENE as mainly used type: Piped water supply 98% 90% of HHs reported their children having access to Protected well/spring 1% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 88% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

97% of HHs reported their children having access to an 90% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school. separated by gender at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly Of the of HHs who reported their children having unusable used type of sanitation facility at school: 14% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

Flush or pour toilet 92% 91+56+23+1 Pit latrine with slab and platform 5% The toilets are not maintained 91% Don't know 3% 92+53E The toilets have no locks 56% There is no water in the toilets 23% 4.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for There is no space / it is too crowded 1% students at school. Al-Shikhan DISTRICT HYGIENE 139 surveys with HHs with school-going children out of the total number of 202 HHs conducted by REACH 91% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 42% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

85% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 99% of HHs reported their children having access to an 95% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility1 at school. drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: Flush or pour toilet 87% Pit latrine with slab and platform 13% Piped water supply 94% 87+13E No water source available 5% 5.6 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Protected well/spring 1% 94+51E students at school. 68% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 76% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the 12% of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 99+57+48+29 At the school's premises 93% The toilets are not maintained 99% Within 500m distance 5% There is no space / it is too crowded 57% At more than 500m distance 1% The toilets have no locks 48% Don't know 1% 93+51E There is no water in the toilets 29%

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Aqra DISTRICT HYGIENE 86 surveys with HHs with school-going children (54%) of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 159 HHs conducted by REACH 95% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 43% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.  86% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 99% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility2 at school. drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having used type of sanitation facility at school: access to the following types of water source at school: Flush or pour toilet 81% Piped water supply 99% Pit latrine with slab and platform 19% Tanker/truck/cart 1% 6.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for 83% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water students at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 89% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the separated by gender at school. main water source at their children's school: Of the 3% of HHs who reported their children having unusable At the school's premises 76% toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: At more than 500m distance 16% 100+33 Within 500m distance 8% The toilets have no locks 100% 76+168E The toilets are not maintained 33% Sinjar DISTRICT 156 surveys with HHs with school-going children (71%) out of the total number of 219 HHs conducted by REACH 55% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the 69% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from main water source at their children's school: a water source available at school at the time of data collection. At the school's premises 75% Don't know 11% 65% of HHs reported their children usually having access to At more than 500m distance 8% drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. Within 500m distance 6% 75+1186E Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: HYGIENE Piped water supply 52% 61% of HHs reported their children having access to Don't know 14% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 70% of HHs reported Protected well/spring 13% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Tanker/truck/cart 11% 52+141311E 1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

67% of HHs reported their children having access to an 4.0 was the reported average number of functional toilets for improved sanitation facility1 at school. students at school.

of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 56% separated by gender at school. used type of sanitation facility at school:

Flush or pour toilet 45% Of the 37% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Pit latrine with slab and platform 22% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

Don't know 19% 83+57+48+21 Pit latrine without slab or platform 6% 45+22196E There is no water in the toilets 83% The toilets have no locks 57% The toilets are not maintained 48% There is no space / it is too crowded 21% Telafar DISTRICT 158 surveys with HHs with school-going children (75%) Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the out of the total number of 211 HHs conducted by REACH main water source at their children's school:

102 schools (42%) in 89 school buildings (43%) out of the total At the school's premises 87% number of 245 schools in 205 school buildings assessed by WFP* Within 500m distance 13% 87+13E

WATER 79% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a water source available to students, of which the following types were reported to be available: 73% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from Piped water supply 75% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Water tanker 20% Borehole 5% 75+205E 99% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. HYGIENE Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 77% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 91% of HHs reported Piped water supply 92% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Protected well/spring 7% Tanker/truck/cart 1% 92+71E 95% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities 66% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water available to students, of which 84% were reportedly functional usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. and 45% reportedly had soap.

1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). *Findings derived from WFP data are presented in turquoise boxes.

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Ninewa GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION Of the 26% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 96+25+13 1 improved sanitation facility at school, of whom all reported a The toilets are not maintained 96% flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. There is no water in the toilets 25% The toilets have no locks 13% 4.8 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following sanitation issues for student toilets: Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: 28+3 Number of toilets for students 5.9 Number of students per toilet 80 The toilets need rehabilitation 28% Number of toilets for teachers 2.0 Number of teachers per toilet 7 There is no water in the toilets 3%

79% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: separated by gender at school. Toilets for students Toilets for teachers Good Bad Good Bad 62% of schools were reported to have toilets available which Structural condition 89% 11% 96% 4% are separated by gender for students and 59% of schools Hygienic condition 33% 67% 65% 35% reportedly had these for teachers.2 Tilkaef DISTRICT 131 surveys with HHs with school-going children (60%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 218 HHs conducted by REACH 87% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 86% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

91% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility1 at school, with as most commonly 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access used type: to drinking water from an improved water source4 at school, of Flush or pour toilet 96% whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Pit latrine with slab and platform 4% 4.9 was the reported average number of functional toilets for 68% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water students at school. usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 76% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: Of the 16% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 93+18+14 At the school's premises 96% The toilets are not maintained 93% Within 500m distance 4% There is no space / it is too crowded 18% 96+4E The toilets have no locks 14% 1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were also considered to be separated by gender if the school only had one gender of students/teachers. 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 4 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by theJMP , 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

InformingInforming moremore effective effective REACHREACHhumanitarianhumanitarian action action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Salah Al-Din GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Erbil reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of lhirqat whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of Ninewa origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in Kirkuk need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. Al-Sulaymaniyah On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations aii oo residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 hurmato returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for irit Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations laur from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Saa ADin Diyala representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school SYRIA IRAN which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented Al-Anbar with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme alad (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the Assessed district (REACH)* standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (WFP)* teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Baghdad SAUDI ARABIA falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings Unassessed district located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Daur DISTRICT

44 surveys with HHs with school-going children (66%) 39% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water out of the total number of 67 HHs conducted by REACH usually available at their children's school to be acceptable.

WATER Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school:

57% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At the school's premises 98% a water source available at school at the time of data collection. Within 500m distance 2% 98+2E 93% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source6 at school. HYGIENE Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 98% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 33% of HHs reported Piped water supply 93% water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. No water source available 7% 93+7E 1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Of the 10 districts where schools have been assessed by WFP, 3 districts were the same as where REACH has conducted HH surveys. 6 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Salah Al-Din GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

97% of HHs reported their children having access to an 83% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets improved sanitation facility1 at school, with as most commonly separated by gender at school. used type: Flush or pour toilet 93% Of the 39% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Pit latrine with slab and platform 4% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 93+4E 94+44+22 4.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for The toilets are not maintained 94% students at school. The toilets have no locks 44% There is no space / it is too crowded 22% Al-Shirqat DISTRICT 153 surveys with HHs with school-going children (54%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 282 HHs conducted by REACH 86% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 72% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 92% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility1 at school. 98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school:

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Flush or pour toilet 72% access to the following types of water source at school: Pit latrine with slab and platform 19% Pit latrine without slab or platform 8% Piped water supply 98% Pit VIP toilet 1% 72+1981E No water source available 1% Don't know 1% 98+1+E 4.7 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. 78% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 56% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the 9% of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 87+38+12+12 The toilets are not maintained 87% At the school's premises 92% The toilets have no locks 38% At more than 500m distance 6% Within 500m distance 1% There is no water in the toilets 12% 92+61E There is no space / it is too crowded 12% 1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Salah Al-Din GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Baiji DISTRICT HYGIENE 74 surveys with HHs with school-going children (43%) out of the total number of 174 HHs conducted by REACH 90% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 78% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. WATER  SANITATION

88% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 98% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school.

100% of HHs reported their children usually having access Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 1 to drinking water from an improved water source at school, of used type of sanitation facility at school: whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. Flush or pour toilet 88% Pit latrine with slab and platform 10% 74% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water Pit latrine without slab or platform 2% 88+102E usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 5.0 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school. Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the main water source at their children's school: 39% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets separated by gender at school. At the school's premises 82% At more than 500m distance 18% Of the 10% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 82+18E 100+60 The toilets are not maintained 100% The toilets have no locks 60% Balad DISTRICT

36 schools (61%) in 36 school buildings (100%) out of the total number of 59 schools in 36 school buildings assessed by WFP*

WATER HYGIENE

53% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a 97% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities water source available to students, of which all reportedly had available to students, of which 51% were reportedly functional piped water supply as type of water source. and 34% reportedly had soap.

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. *Findings derived from WFP data are presented in turquoise coloured boxes.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Salah Al-Din GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following sanitation issues for student toilets: Number of toilets for students 5.2 Number of students per toilet 55 23+20+11+6 Number of toilets for teachers 1.5 Number of teachers per toilet 12 The toilets need rehabilitation 23% The toilets have no locks 20% The toilets are inadequate 11% The toilets need maintenance 6%

69% of schools were reported to have toilets available which are separated by gender for students and 36% of schools Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition: reportedly had these for teachers.1 Toilets for students Toilets for teachers Good Bad Good Bad Structural condition 80% 20% 87% 13% Hygienic condition 54% 46% 74% 26%

Tikrit DISTRICT

102 surveys with HHs with school-going children (47%) out of the total number of 216 HHs conducted by REACH 66% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. WATER Proportion of HHs who reported their children having the following distance to the main water source for their school:

93% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from At the school's premises a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 90% At more than 500m distance 10% 90+10E 98% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source2 at school. HYGIENE

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having access to the following types of water source at school: 96% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 85% of HHs reported water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. Piped water supply 98% Don't know 2% 98+2E

1 Toilets were also considered to be separated by gender if the school only had one gender of students/teachers. 2 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Salah Al-Din GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ  SANITATION

85% of HHs reported their children having access to an 5.1 was the reported average number of functional toilets for improved sanitation facility1 at school. students at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly 41% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets used type of sanitation facility at school: separated by gender at school.

Flush or pour toilet 78% Of the 3% of HHs who reported their children having unusable Pit latrine without slab or platform 15% toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 96+84 Pit latrine with slab and platform 7% 78+157E The toilets are not maintained 96% The toilets have no locks 84% Tooz Khurmato DISTRICT 147 surveys with HHs with school-going children (57%) HYGIENE out of the total number of 258 HHs conducted by REACH 66% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 57% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

 SANITATION 72% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 93% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility1 at school. 91% of HHs reported their children usually having access to drinking water from an improved water source3 at school. Proportion of HHs who reported their children's most commonly used type of sanitation facility at school: Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having Flush or pour toilet 91% access to the following types of water source at school: Pit latrine without slab or platform 4% Open hole 2% Piped water supply 86% No water source available Pit latrine with slab and platform 1% 91+421E 6% Protected well/spring 5% 4.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Tanker/truck/cart 2% 86+652E students at school. 38% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 49% separated by gender at school.

Proportion of HHs who reported the following locations of the Of the 27% of HHs who reported their children having unusable main water source at their children's school: toilets2 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 70+67+33+12 At the school's premises 89% The toilets have no locks 70% Don't know 6% The toilets are not maintained 67% Within 500m distance 3% There is no water in the toilets 33% At more than 500m distance 2% 89+632E There is no space / it is too crowded 12% 1 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines, according to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). 2 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private. 3 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe JMP, 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal).

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Thi Qar GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Wassit reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of SYRIA whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 Al-Qadissiya IRAN IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. Maysan On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide SAUDI ARABIA an evidence-based overview of needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 Iraqi districts which host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) surveys have been conducted with out-of-camp populations hi ar from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in findings which are statistically Al-Muthanna representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children lNasiriya have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. This data was supplemented lhibayish Al-Basrah with secondary data from the assessment conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, which also focused on the Assessed district (REACH)* standard of WASH facilities at schools. It consisted of interviews with headmasters, Assessed district (WFP)* teachers and students and observations at schools, covering 760 primary schools Unassessed district falling under the system of the federal government of Iraq, in 580 school buildings located in 10 districts5 across 10 governorates. As all data derives from either the *Districts assessed by either REACH or WFP, as described in the methodology section. school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed (REACH) or key informant interviews and observations (WFP), findings are indicative only. Al-Chibayish DISTRICT  SANITATION 87 schools (100%) in 67 school buildings (100%) out of the total number of 87 schools in 67 school buildings assessed by WFP*

Average number of toilets reported to be available at school: Number of toilets for students 4.9 Number of students per toilet 58 WATER Number of toilets for teachers 1.7 Number of teachers per toilet 14

3% of schools were reported to have drinking water from a water source available to students, of which all reportedly had 84% of schools were reported to have toilets available which water tanker as used type of water source. are separated by gender for students and 80% of schools reportedly had these for teachers.6

HYGIENE 1% of schools were reported to have unusable student toilets.

82% of schools were reported to have handwashing facilities Proportion of schools that were reported to have the following sanitation issues for student toilets: available to students, of which 1% reportedly had soap. 69+1 The toilets need maintenance 69% The toilets need to be repaired 1%

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Thi Qar GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

Proportion of schools by reported sanitation condition:

Toilets for students Toilets for teachers Good Bad Good Bad Structural condition 48% 52% 72% 28% Hygienic condition 5% 95% 7% 93% Al-Nasiriya DISTRICT

44 surveys with HHs with school-going children (51%) out of the total number of 87 HHs conducted by REACH

WATER HYGIENE

97% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 94% of HHs 100% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from reported water and soap to be available at the time of data a water source available at school at the time of data collection. collection.

 100% of HHs reported their children usually having access SANITATION to drinking water from an improved water source1 at school, of whom all reported piped water supply to be the mainly used type. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type. 88% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 7.3 was the reported average number of functional toilets for students at school.

100% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 100% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets school to be located at the school's premises. separated by gender at school.

Of the 9% of HHs who reported their children having unusable toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: 100+67 The toilets have no locks 100% The toilets are not maintained 67%

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Wassit GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY Assessed district (REACH)* Roughly two years after the end of major military operations in Iraq against the so- Diyala Unassessed district called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Iraq is shifting from a state of emergency to a recovery phase. As of November 2019, 4.5 million returns have been Baghdad reported, while 1.44 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced of whom 1.09 million reside outside of formal camps.1 With ongoing camp closures,2 IDPs are increasingly moving to non-camp locations or returning to their area of origin. In 2020, 1.2 million returnees3 and 285,000 IDPs are estimated to remain in luaira need of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assistance. On behalf of the Iraq WASH Cluster, REACH conducted an assessment to provide an evidence-based overview of the needs, gaps and priorities in WASH for Wassit populations residing out-of-camp. The survey covered 57 districts across Iraq which Babil lut host at least 200 returnee or IDP families according to data from the International Organization for Migration's Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM-DTM) as of July 2019. Nationwide, 9,080 household (HH) level surveys have been conducted with SYRIA Maysan out-of-camp populations from 22 September to 31 December 2019, resulting in IRAN findings which are statistically representative with a 90% confidence level and 10% Al-Najaf margin of error for each population group4 at district level. Of these, 4,956 HHs with school-going children have been interviewed to report on the standard of WASH Al-Qadissiya Thi Qar facilities in the school which their child, or majority of their children, attend. As all SAUDI ARABIA data derives from the school-going subset of the total number of HHs assessed, findings are indicative only. *Districts assessed by REACH, as described in the methodology section.

Al-Kut DISTRICT HYGIENE 53 surveys with HHs with school-going children (56%) of HHs reported their children having access to out of the total number of 95 HHs conducted by REACH 98% handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 6% of HHs reported WATER water and soap to be available at the time of data collection.

52% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from  SANITATION a water source available at school at the time of data collection. 100% of HHs reported their children having access to an 46% of HHs reported their children usually having access to improved sanitation facility6 at school, of whom all reported a drinking water from an improved water source5 at school. flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having 5.5 was the reported average number of functional toilets for access to the following types of water source at school: students at school.

Piped water supply 46% 85% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets No water source available 43% separated by gender at school. Don't know 11% 46+4311E Of the 43% of HHs who reported their children having unusable 7% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water toilets7 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were:

usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. 100+9+4 The toilets are not maintained 100% 93% of HHs reported the main water source at their children's There is no water in the toilets 9% school to be located at the school's premises. The toilets have no locks 4%

1 IOM-DTM, October 2019. 2 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) 2020, November 2019. 3 Those displaced since January 2014 who have returned to their location of origin (according to IOM-DTM). 4 Households have been stratified by IDP, returnee and host population group at district level. 5 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined bythe WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 6 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to JMP). 7 Toilets were considered unusable if not accessible, functional or private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS Wassit GOVERNORATE

December 2019 IRAQ Al-Suwaira DISTRICT

59 surveys with HHs with school-going children (61%) out of the total number of 96 HHs conducted by REACH

WATER HYGIENE

99% of HHs reported their children having access to handwashing facilities at school. Of these, 1% of HHs reported 27% of HHs reported their children having drinking water from water and soap to be available at the time of data collection. a water source available at school at the time of data collection.

86% of HHs reported their children usually having access to  drinking water from an improved water source1 at school. SANITATION

100% of HHs reported their children having access to an Proportion of HHs who reported their children mainly having improved sanitation facility2 at school, of whom all reported a access to the following types of water source at school: flush or pour toilet to be the most commonly used type.

Piped water supply 86% No water source available 7% 6.2 was the reported average number of functional toilets for Don't know 7% 86+7E students at school.

12% of HHs perceived the water quality of the drinking water 87% of HHs reported their children having access to toilets usually available at their children's school to be acceptable. separated by gender at school.

Of the 20% of HHs who reported their children having unusable of HHs reported the main water source at their children's 94% toilets3 at school at the time of data collection, reasons were: school to be located at the school's premises. 100+31+9+6 The toilets are not maintained 100% The toilets have no locks 31% There is no water in the toilets 9% There is no space / it is too crowded 6%

1 Improved water sources are sources that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP), 2017. Improved water sources include piped water into compound, piped water connected to public tap, borehole, protected well, protected rainwater tank, protected spring and water trucking. Unimproved water sources include iIllegal connection to piped network, unprotected rainwater tank, unprotected well, unprotected spring and surface water (which means water from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream or canal). 2 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact, and include flush/pour flush toilet, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and pit latrines with a slab and platform. Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines (according to the JMP). 3 Toilets were considered to be unusable if they were not accessible, not functional or not private.

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS NATIONWIDE INDICATOR MAPS

December 2019 IRAQ

% of HHs with school-going children who reported their children % of HHs with school-going children who reported their children have access to toilets separated by gender at school have access to handwashing facilities with water and soap at school

25% - 50% 1% - 25% uho Duhok ¯ 51% - 75% ¯ 26% - 50% 76% - 100% 51% - 75% rbil Erbil Unassessed governorate Ninea 76% - 100% Ninewa Unassessed governorate lulaymaniyah Al-Sulaymaniyah

iru Kirkuk

SRIA alah lin SYRIA Salah Al-Din IRAN IRAN iyala Diyala

aghdad Baghdad lnbar Al-Anbar

Wassit Wassit erbala abil Kerbala Babil

ladissiya Al-Qadissiya Maysan Maysan

lNaaf hi ar Al-Najaf Thi Qar

SAUDI ARABIA lasrah SAUDI ARABIA Al-Basrah lMuthanna Al-Muthanna

Source REACH ms KUWAIT Source: REACH Kms KUWAIT ear 2019 Year: 2019 0 100 200

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS NATIONWIDE INDICATOR MAPS

December 2019 IRAQ

% of schools reported to have drinking water from any water source Average number of students per sanitation facility reported to be available to their students available at school

1% - 25% 30 - 50 Duhok uho 26% - 50% ¯ 51 - 70 ¯ Telafar Teaar 51% - 75% 71 - 90 76% - 100% Erbil 91 - 125 rbil Ninewa Ninea Unassessed district Unassessed district Governorate boundary overnorate boundary Kirkuk Al-Sulaymaniyah iru lulaymaniyah Daquq Da

SYRIA Ana Salah Al-Din SRIA Ana alah lin IRAN IRAN Diyala iyala

Baladruz aar Baghdad aghdad Al-Anbar lnbar Qalat Saleh aat Sae Wassit Wassit Kerbala Babil erbala abil

Al-Qadissiya Maysan ladissiya Maysan Al-Hamza AHaa Al-Najaf lNaaf Al-Khidhir Thi Qar Aiir hi ar Shat Al-Arab Sat AAra

SAUDI ARABIA Al-Basrah SAUDI ARABIA lasrah Al-Muthanna lMuthanna

Source: WFP Kms KUWAIT Source WFP ms KUWAIT Year: 2019 0 100 200 ear 2019

Informing more effective REACH humanitarian action