Iran Case File (April 2019)
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The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’S Revolutionary Guard
The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’s Revolutionary Guard SAEID GOLKAR AUGUST 2021 KASRA AARABI Contents Executive Summary 4 The Raisi Administration, the IRGC and the Creation of a New Islamic Government 6 The IRGC as the Foundation of Raisi’s Islamic Government The Clergy and the Guard: An Inseparable Bond 16 No Coup in Sight Upholding Clerical Superiority and Preserving Religious Legitimacy The Importance of Understanding the Guard 21 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to the IRGC A New Model for Understanding the IRGC’s Intra-elite Factionalism 25 The Economic Vertex The Political Vertex The Security-Intelligence Vertex Charting IRGC Commanders’ Positions on the New Model Shades of Islamism: The Ideological Spectrum in the IRGC Conclusion 32 About the Authors 33 Saeid Golkar Kasra Aarabi Endnotes 34 4 The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi Executive Summary “The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] has excelled in every field it has entered both internationally and domestically, including security, defence, service provision and construction,” declared Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi, then chief justice of Iran, in a speech to IRGC commanders on 17 March 2021.1 Four months on, Raisi, who assumes Iran’s presidency on 5 August after the country’s June 2021 election, has set his eyes on further empowering the IRGC with key ministerial and bureaucratic positions likely to be awarded to guardsmen under his new government. There is a clear reason for this ambition. Expanding the power of the IRGC serves the interests of both Raisi and his 82-year-old mentor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic. -
Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity
Elhan / Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity Nail Elhan* Öz: 1979 yılında yaşanan İran İslam Devrimi sonrasında İslamcı politikalar kurulan yeni rejimin hem iç hem de dış politikalarının temelini oluşturmuştur. Ancak milliyetçilik de göz ardı edilmemiş ve daha da ileri gidilerek Şii İslam ve İslam öncesi Pers kültürünün harmanlanması ile bir İranlılık kimliği yaratılmıştır. Bu kimlik devlet tarafından, Şii mitolojisi, İslam öncesi Pers kültürü, anti-emperyalizm, Üçüncü Dünyacılık ve anti-Siyonizm gibi ögelerle harmanlanmış ve çok etnikli İran toplumuna ortak bir aidiyet olarak sunulmuştur. Bu aidiyet olgusunun hem İran içinde hem de İran dışında cereyan eden olaylar üzerine inşa edildiği iddia edilebilir. Bunu yaparken, İran Devleti basılması kendi tekelinde olan banknotları, madeni paraları ve posta pullarını gündelik milliyeçiliğin aracı olarak kullanmış ve bu ‘banal’ yollar ile İranlılık duygusunun her gün yeniden üretilmesine katkı yapmıştır. Böylelikle, banknotlar, madeni paralar ve posta pulları gibi görsel semboller aracılığı ile devlet, kendi oluştur- duğu kimliği yine kendi içerisinde bulunan alt-ulusal kimliklerin bu resmi kimliğe saldırılarına karşı bir savunma aracı olarak banal milliyetçilik vasıtası ile kullanmış olmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: İran Devrimi, Banal Milliyetçilik, Şiilik, Fars Kimliği, Milli Kimlik. Abstract: After its 1979 revolution, Islamism became Iran’s main policy as regards its domestic and foreign affairs. However, nationalism continued to exist. After the revolution, the national identity of Iranianness based on Shii Islam and pre-Islamic Persian history was created. By merging Shii traditions, pre-Islamic Persian culture, anti-imperialism, Third Worldism, and anti-Zionism, this new identity was introduced as one of belonging. -
Republic of Iraq
Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement -
Standard Packages
IRANPERSIAN SIMORG TOURS STANDARD PACKAGES +61 (0)410 177766 | [email protected] | ABN: 69 379 045 424 Iran Persian Simorg Tours are smaller, boutique excursions created for both the first-time and the experienced traveller who is looking for more than a standard tour holiday. As Iran is known and famous for its hospitality the theme is to encourage greater interactions with locals, rather than being hemmed into a strict itinerary. Simorg Tours are designed to give you the experiences of both being a tourist and a local by including highlight attractions as well as “off-the-beaten-track” or local haunts that would normally be overlooked or require the local knowledge. PACKAGES 12 DAY(MAMOOLI) TOUR 20 DAY BIG (BOZORG) TOUR 15 DAY(SHOMALLI) TOUR 21 DAY COMBINED TOUR TEHRAN AND THE GOLDEN CITIES: TEHRAN AND CENTRAL IRAN: TEHRAN TO TABRIZ: NORTHWEST AND CENTRAL IRAN: SHIRAZ, ISFAHAN, AND KASHAN SHIRAZ, ISFAHAN, YAZD AND KASHAN QAZVIN, ZANJAN, RASHT, ARDABIL, TEHRAN,QAZVIN, ZANJAN, RASHT, ARDABIL, (including Persepolis, Pasargadae, Nash-e Rostam (including Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Persepolis, Pasargadae, Nash-e ASTARA, MASHAD AND TURKMENSAHRA TABRIZ, SHIRAZ, ISFAHAN, YAZD , AND KASHAN and Abeyaneh village). Rostam and Abeyaneh village). (including Kaylebar, Kandovan, Aras River Valley and Alumut Valley). (including Kaylebar, Kandovan, Aras River Valley and Alumut Valley). $AU3450 $AU5450 $AU3750 $AU5750 p/person. p/person. p/person. p/person. Includes: all internal transportation and airport transfers, hotel Includes: all internal transportation and airport transfers, hotel Includes: all internal transportation and airport transfers, hotel Includes: all internal transportation and airport transfers, hotel accommodation, entry site fees, and 2 daily meals. -
Wash Needs in Schools Iraq
COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS OF KEY INDICATORS Note: Findings derived from WFP data are December 2019 IRAQ presented in turquoise boxes. Methodology Water Hygiene Sanitation 1 3 2 REACH Number of HH surveys conducted by Number of schools assessed by WFP Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water comes from an improved water source The water quality is perceived to be acceptable The main water source is at the school's premises Has access to handwashing facilities Has access to handwashing facilities of which is having water and soap available of which is functional of which is having soap Has access to improved sanitation facilities number of Average functional student toilets per school building number of toilets Average for students number of Average students per toilet Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has unusable toilets Is having a good structural condition of student toilets Is having a good hygienic condition of student toilets Al-Falluja 115 88% 100% 78% 93% 100% 97% 100% 9,1 82% 0% Al-Ramadi 80 83% 98% 81% 98% 100% 100% 100% 8,6 93% 0% Al-Anbar Ana 74 31 44% 65% 87% 49% 72% 94% 94% 64% 66% 62% 94% 5,8 5,4 36 90% 90% 23% 100% 71% Heet 87 72% 100% 60% 100% 93% 97% 100% 9,0 88% 0% Shat Al-Arab 98 12% 92% 83% 11% 7,2 91 77% 56% 46% Al-Basrah Al-Khidhir 70 50% 66% 76% 11% 5,8 69 79% 74% 32% Al-Muthanna Al-Kufa 120 21% 46% 71% 99% 100% 23% 99% 6.5 71% 27% Al-Najaf Al-Najaf 94 2% 95% 98% -
Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond
Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond This book investigates female Muslims pilgrimage practices and how these relate to women’s mobility, social relations, identities, and the power struc- tures that shape women’s lives. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and regional expertise, it offers in-depth investigation of the gendered dimensions of Muslim pilgrimage and the life-worlds of female pilgrims. With a variety of case studies, the contributors explore the expe- riences of female pilgrims to Mecca and other pilgrimage sites, and how these are embedded in historical and current contexts of globalisation and transnational mobility. This volume will be relevant to a broad audience of researchers across pilgrimage, gender, religious, and Islamic studies. Marjo Buitelaar is an anthropologist and Professor of Contemporary Islam at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. She is programme-leader of the research project ‘Modern Articulations of Pilgrimage to Mecca’, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Manja Stephan-Emmrich is Professor of Transregional Central Asian Stud- ies, with a special focus on Islam and migration, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, and a socio-cultural anthropologist. She is a Principal Investigator at the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies (BGSMCS) and co-leader of the research project ‘Women’s Pathways to Professionalization in Mus- lim Asia. Reconfiguring religious knowledge, gender, and connectivity’, which is part of the Shaping Asia network initiative (2020–2023, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG). Viola Thimm is Professorial Candidate (Habilitandin) at the Institute of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. -
School Terrorism” in the Milieu of Peshawar Incident; Pakistan’S Black Day, December 16Th, 2014
American Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 1, No. 4, 2015, pp. 196-205 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ajssr Impacts of “School Terrorism” in the Milieu of Peshawar Incident; Pakistan’s Black Day, December 16th, 2014 Syed Sajjad Nasir Kazmi 1, Arshad Ali 2, * 1Department of Civil Engineering, MCE Risalpur Cantonment, KPK, Pakistan 2National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Mankind has been suffering the disasters of many a types which had either been natural or manmade. All the geophysical and the hydro-metrological disasters are related to the nature but all anthropogenic disasters are related to the actions of the human- beings, whether covert or overt on one pretext or the other. One thing common for all is that these have deep penetrating impacts on the humans with respect to their way of life in the performance of gendered roles, usage of property and assets, balance of trade and economy as well as the layout of politico military and psychosocial infrastructure. Capacity building strategies too had been evolved to deal with and recover from all such impacts of disasters but the worst among all are the psychosocial impacts on women and especially on children which are time consuming to heal with. On one hand, a disaster may have huge volumetric effect but negligible impact on the psychosocial build up and vice versa depending upon the degree of human vulnerability and severity of the impact. As opposed to the natural or other manmade disasters, terrorism has its own significance in this context and among all other multidimensional aspects of terrorism, “School Terrorism” is considered to be worst carrying drastic and long lasting impacts on the exposed community. -
Iran's Transnational Terrorist Networks
כרמ ז ע ז ר י רקחל א י אר ן ץרפומה ירספה ﺰﮐﺮﻣ یرﺰﻋ ﺑ ﺮ یا ﺎﻄﻣ ﻟ ﻌ تﺎ ا ﯾ ﺮ نا ﻠﺧو ﺞﯿ ﭘ رسﺎ The Ezri Center for Iran & Persian Gulf Studies The Persian Gulf Observer Perspectives on Iran and the Persian Gulf à à à Iran’s Transnational Terrorist Networks Issue No. 37 (January, 2020) Attached please find the 37th issue of Persian Gulf Observer, titled " Iran’s Transnational Terrorist Networks" by The Ezri Center's research fellow, Dr. Yossi Mansharof. The Persian Gulf Observer: Perspectives on Iran and the Persian Gulf is published periodically by The Ezri Center for Iran & Persian Gulf Studies at the University of Haifa, expressing the views and analysis of the Ezri center's researchers on various issues concerning the Persian Gulf region and the countries which lay by its shores. You are most welcome to follow the Ezri Center's tweets at: https://twitter.com/EzriCenter , be our friend on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Ezri-Center-for-Iran-and- Persian-Gulf-Studies/141080069242626 Watch and listen to conferences and lecturers at the Center's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZdzvlhv7a8nxLjYZdaz68Q and visit our site: http://gulfc.haifa.ac.il/ להל ן גה י ל י ו ן ה- 37 לש Persian Gulf Observer ובו מאמר כש ו תרת ו " ךרעמ רטה ו ר רטה נ ס - אל ו מ י רפה ו - נאריא י : ילכ קשנ קשנ ילכ : י נאריא טרסאט ג י ל י ו ם קפ ו הד " אמת "דר ףמוישריס ונ ,תעמ רמקחי מ זכרב .ירזע The Persian Gulf Observer: Perspectives on Iran and the Persian Gulf פתמ ר םס דתב י ר ו ת קת ו תפ י ת "ע י י" זכרמ ירזע רקחל ןאריא ץרפמהו סרפה י אב ו נ י סרב י תט ח י הפ , ו וב גצומ םי מאמר י העד , רפ י - טעם לש ירקוח זכרמה לע גמ ו ו ן מל זרה רו ש ע מםיונאש המרוזא הץרפ יסרפ הדשוהמת וניו ונכת יפוחל ו . -
Kata'ib Sayyid Al Shuhada
Kata’ib Sayyid al Shuhada Name: Kata’ib Sayyid al Shuhada Type of Organization: Militia political party religious social services provider terrorist transnational violent Ideologies and Affiliations: Iranian-sponsored Shiite Jihadist Khomeinist Place of Origin: Iraq Year of Origin: 2013 Founder(s): Abu Mustafa al Sheibani Places of Operation: Iraq, Syria Overview Also Known As Kata’ib Abu Fadl al-Abbas1 Kata’ib Karbala2 Battalion of the Sayyid’s Martyrs3 Executive Summary Kata’ib Sayyid al Shuhada (KSS) is an Iraqi militia that has fought in both Iraq and Syria and is closely connected to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the Houthis.4 Its leader is Abu Mustafa al Sheibani, a U.S.-designated terrorist who also assisted in forming the IRGC-backed Asaib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) and Kata’ib Hezbollah (KH) militias.5 The group was founded in 2013. Its first public announcements were three martyrdom notices for members killed fighting in southern Damascus alongside Syrian regime forces.6 In Syria, KSS operates within the fold of the mixed Syrian and Iraqi Liwa Abu Fadl al-Abbas, another Iranian- backed militia.7 KSS follows the same Shiite jihadist ideology as fellow pro-Iranian Iraqi militias, framing its fight in Syria as a defense of Shiites and the Shiite shrine of Sayyida Zaynab.8 In a 2013 interview, KSS’s information office stated that the group sent 500 militants to Syria.9 Other media Kata’ib Sayyid al Shuhada statements have affirmed the presence of KSS fighters in rural Damascus along the frontlines in eastern Ghouta.10 The Associated Press has reported that KSS fighters enter Syria via Iran.11 In 2015, KSS declared Saudi Arabia “a legitimate and permissible target” after that country executed a prominent Shiite cleric.12 A 2018 KSS statement indicated the group was ready to send fighters to Yemen. -
The Extent and Geographic Distribution of Chronic Poverty in Iraq's Center
The extent and geographic distribution of chronic poverty in Iraq’s Center/South Region By : Tarek El-Guindi Hazem Al Mahdy John McHarris United Nations World Food Programme May 2003 Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................1 Background:.........................................................................................................................................3 What was being evaluated? .............................................................................................................3 Who were the key informants?........................................................................................................3 How were the interviews conducted?..............................................................................................3 Main Findings......................................................................................................................................4 The extent of chronic poverty..........................................................................................................4 The regional and geographic distribution of chronic poverty .........................................................5 How might baseline chronic poverty data support current Assessment and planning activities?...8 Baseline chronic poverty data and targeting assistance during the post-war period .......................9 Strengths and weaknesses of the analysis, and possible next steps:..............................................11 -
Without U.S. Response, Rocket Attacks Continue Blaise Misztal - Vice President for Policy Ari Cicurel - Senior Policy Analyst
NatSec Brief - February 2021 JINSA’s Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy Without U.S. Response, Rocket Attacks Continue Blaise Misztal - Vice President for Policy Ari Cicurel - Senior Policy Analyst Following a U.S. statement promising “support for all efforts to investigate and hold accountable those responsible” for a February 15, 2021 rocket attack on a U.S. base in Erbil, Iranian proxies have twice more struck at the U.S. targets in Iraq. Most recently, three rockets struck near the U.S. Embassy in Iraq on February 22, 2021. Such attacks by Iranian proxies are likely to become more frequent and dangerous in the absence of a strong U.S. response. This policy memo from JINSA staff provides details of the recent rocket attacks in Iraq, background on Iranian-backed aggression against Americans in Iraq, and policy recommendations for U.S. officials. Key Takeaways • One week after a rocket attack in Erbil, Iraq killed a civilian contractor and injured nine others, rockets struck the Balad Airbase and the Green Zone in Baghdad. • These attacks are likely part of an Iranian counterpressure strategy that includes progressively violating the Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action (JCPOA) and using proxies to attack Americans in the Middle East with the twin goals of ending U.S. sanctions against Iran and reducing U.S. presence in the region. • Thus far, the United States has not held Iran responsible for, or punished the militia involved in, these attacks, while continuing to pursue diplomatic engagement with Iran over its nuclear program. This has likely created the perception in Tehran that it has a strong negotiating position, one that can only be enhanced with few consequences by continuing such attacks. -
Policy Notes April 2021
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY APRIL 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 103 Deterring Iran in the Gray Zone: Insights from Four Decades of Conflict Michael Eisenstadt resident Joe Biden has stated that if Iran returns to full compliance with the 2015 nuclear accord, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the United States will too, as a starting point for P 1 follow-on talks about Iran’s missile program and regional activities. The path to a stronger, longer, and broader JCPOA, however, may be tortuous and prolonged; success is not foreordained. Indeed, since the Biden administration took office, Tehran has already resumed proxy attacks on U.S. intrests in Image: The Japanese-owned Iraq, and has accelerated work on its nuclear program while limiting access tanker Kokuka Courageous, by international inspectors, in order to (1) build leverage, (2) roll back U.S. showing damage from an sanctions, and (3) obtain other concessions. Washington needs to be able to Iranian limpet mine attack in the Gulf of Oman, June 2019. deter or counter such moves and deny Tehran advantage in ways that do not Screenshot: U.S. Central hinder renewed diplomacy. Moreover, even if talks succeed, U.S.-Iran ties will Command. MICHAEL EISENSTADT DETERRING IRAN IN THE GRAY ZONE likely remain tense for years to come. Deterrence engendered by more effectively deterring and will therefore remain a core component of U.S. policy countering Tehran’s regional activities may enhance toward Iran as a way to manage tensions, avoid Washington’s ability to deter a potential future escalation, and deny Tehran leverage, thus creating nuclear breakout by Iran.