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I I I 0 I .".+-t or the occasion Plan of the Roman College the Fifth Centenary and of the Church of St. lgnatius of in the year 1650. of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Sociep of Jesus and creator ''¡ t¡ - ,]] i' the Collegio Romano, i; ! of '1,ìrr lrllÌìill il lt1,llilii1 iili . .,r.'t ':' liliillr:: the first free school ljll ...r tl I't';,,;rt , rr i fi:," ,'' j ii_-l tl .. 'l¡ in the world, lì i, l 1,, "religion and the arts" lil 1....,.:: rl dedicated to 'Li -t ll i: youth nation. i,ì ¡ .. rì l, for all oÍ every l.-i tì ir.-.i tl For the 450th anniversary L--ì jÌ f -.-'- \:l .rÌ ¡l of the approval t¡ L ì.1,_. i.:-; r'- .i, i ';} of the Formula of the Institute ¡ il ii: Society of Jesus i: I ,L.il of the ' 'tl :: ;ì by Pope Paul Lil. ¡, I :.,. l'' For the Fourth Centenary :.. .....:: of the death I of St. Aloysius Gonzaga. Father G. Libianchi, Rector, il Fr. G. Peri, Z. Carlucci, t., and Br. L. Gutierrez, with the assistance of B. Kuppler, T. Lucas, Mario and Gabriella Della Rosa ii;, f. :'.'...-, .: and the Missionaries "Verbum Dei" :,:.-.-i r'. ...1 t-- l) have reedited this booklet t:..=.: j with devotion and great love i1 ;) 2 for the sainted Founder, Ignatius. Grafica 1. Main Entrance. Gian Carlo Olcuire 2. Nave. 3. Chapel of St. Christopher. Foto 4. Chapel of St. Joseph (or the Sacripante Vasari - Roma Chapel). 5. Chapel of St. Joachim (or St. Robert Bellarmino). Stampa 6. Chapel of St. Gregory. Pegaso 2O01 srl 7. Chapel of the Immaculate Virgin. 067142294 8. Chapel of the Sacred Heart (or the Crucifix). O Novembre 2OO2 9. Transept (Chapels of St. Aloysius Ristampa . Gonzaga and of St. John Berchmans). Chiesa di San'lgnazio 10. Apse. Roma 11. The Ludovisi Chapel. 12. Sacrisþ. .l 3 Church of the Annunziata - 'J'T'- 3 The solemn, severe façade, lightened by plastic relief and chiaroscuro play is the work of the Jesuit Orazio Grassi. und any churches, great and small, sprang young, and the PhilosoPhit:I,, up in Rome during the XVI and XVII íheolãgical training of the C-atholic centuries. The largest were attached to ;þrsy äll-o'uãi tn"ïorld' The Roman the residences of the Superiors of new CotËgn had various provisional cen- religious orders, such as S. Andrea tres r-intil 1560 when lt established lt- della Valle, Gesù, S. Carlo ai Catinari, self in a number of buildings donated Chiesa NuoVa. Other churches were by the Marchesa della Tolfa in the area built by national or regional communi- nôw partially occupi ed by the Church ties, such as S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, of St. Ignatius. Between 7562 and S. Carlo al Corso dei Lombardi and 7567 the adjacent Church of the An- others. nunziata was built, with its façade on The church of St. Ignatius was built the present via di S. Ignazio. as church of the Roman College which The new college was inaugurated in was the work of St. Ignatius and 1584, three years after Gregory XIII's founded in 1551 as a "School of gram- decision to construct it, the acquisition mar, humanities and Christian doc- of the area and beginning of the work trine, free of charge". Thus, to under- in 1581. In order to make the centre as stand the spiritual function of the large and as suitable as possible lor sacred building, we must look briefly teaching, Gregory XIII was responsible at the origins and developments of the for construction of the southern part of cultural institute which gave it birth. the building, and also provided finan- cial aid so that teaching could continue The idea of founding the Roman lree of charge. College was one of the most produc- tive initiatives which ever occurred to Ignatius. There were few institutes so effective and of such universal importance with- in the movement of spiritual restora- tion developped by the Council of Trent. In 1556 Father J. Polanco, sec- retary to lgnatius, wrote to Philip II as A single wide nave covered follows: "Since all the good of Chris- with a banel vault summarizes tianiþ and of all the world depends on all space in its width: the architectural frames the good education of the young, for are enriched by precious which purpose able and wise teachers marblework and agile are most necessary, the Company has plasterwork. The elegant accepted the noticeable but not succession of white pairs "less of fluted pilasters reinlorces less important task of educating these the wide lateral openings same youths" (Cartas de St. Ign., VI and creates a sense of spacial pp. 160-161 Madrid 1889). "detachment" between the deep darkness of the chapels The Roman College was the model and the wrdespread luminosity for hundreds of other junior and senior of the nave, thus accentuating schools and for universities run by the the devotional significance a great contri- of the former as places Jesuits, who made such of meditation and conlemplation. bution to the spread of science and lit- lnternal dimensions: length 81.50 m.; oratl'r'o thp Chrictian education of the width 44 m.; heiqht 30 m. ,:\1,,r Yr. Jr a :l I Ì l, 1. t¡ / ii í. t : Í : t j -b * 5 s the years passed, the Church of the 1.,. Annunziata became insufficient for t, over two thousand students of many nations who were attending the Col- lege at the beginning of the XVII cen- tury. Gregory XV was an old pupil of the school and was strongly attached to it. He had also canonized lgnatius in 1622. Thus he suggested to his neph- ew, Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, that a temple should be erected to the founder of the Company of Jesus, at the College itself. In this way the church of the saint would be bound to the school, which had put into nractice that universalitv which had been the driving force be- many members of the Sacred College hind Ignatius' faith and work. The attended this mass. young cardinal accepted the idea en- The church was opened for public thusiastically, asked several architects worship only in 1650, the Holy Year. to draw plans, and finally chose that of In 1694 the decoration of the ceiling Father Orazio Grassi, Professor of was completed, but the final solemn Mathematics at the College itself consecration of the holy edifice was (1583-1654). The foundation-stone celebrated only in 7722 by Cardinal was laid only in 7626 on the 2nd of Zondadari, with a display of pomp and August, four years later, a delay which magnificence rarely seen. The work of was caused by the inevitable slowness embellishment and improvement con- with which such decisions are put into tinued in the church, especially the force and partly by the fact that, in gilding of the various stuccoes and the order to made room for the new pavement, which was entirely reset in church, a section of the buildings be- 191,6. longing to the Roman College (Colle- gio Romano) had to be dismantled, in- After two centuries of vicissitudes, cluding the little church of the "Annun- the extremely important 1963 restora- ziatina". tion once again brought to light the canvas of Andrea Pozzo's perspectival On the death of Cardinal Ludovisi dome. Already in the mid-1700's it (1632) the construction was continued, was no longer visible due to the ac- thanks to a generous legacy of two cumulation of lampblack from burning hundred thousand scudi which the cañdles below and other. Moreover, in original donor had assigned to this 1891 the burst of the powder maga- purpose in his will. zine in Monteverde opened large tears As was customary in Rome after the in the canvas, which was then hidden Council of Trent when churches with a drapery until its recent restora- sprung up ,almost like mushrooms in tion. the night, one might sây, and the number of similar undertakings gave rise to a scene of endless building ac- ln the frescoes in the apse tivity, the construction proceeded fairly and the High Altar, where Rubens' influence is rapidly, but afterwards delays were ex- strongly felt, Pozzo deals asperating and it seemed as if the with the most significant building would never be finished. episodes, from the life of Cardinal Ludovisi probably St. lgnatius. ln the semi- had dome of the apse, the hoped to see the church finished by Saint, moving through the 1640, the centenary year of the found- air, heals a plague-stricken ing of the Society of Jesus. In fact, in city while at the High Altar is the depiction of the order to celebrate this anniversary a farnous vision of "La solemn mass was celebrated on August Storta" (1537), and the 7th although the building was not yet sides contain on the lefl, was the St. lgnatius sending St. completed. Nevertheless, such Francis Xavier to the important role which the SocieÇ of Je- lndies and on the right, strs had assumed during the Counter- lgnatius welcoming St. Reformation, that Pope Urban VIII and Francis Borgia to the company lt- ii-Ë:iiiçå.ff'ffiii":tjl6{ '-_-I r*-. .Iit { l*¡ 115 rËÍ,:if *- t" ., il:!:,il- l:=\',n: #" [=;-iå r i ...,. ., g;i,b- ìí, ffi"- -r, iI tü ¡L & !¡ì È :1 l"g¡ tr ,.:..?ii-! fi 'l Ti he church was erected on the spot where the Temple of Isis had stood in Imperial Rome; this was the heart of the Egyptian district in the ciÇ.
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