Forests and Climate Change Programme (FORCLIME)

FOREST MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Indonesian-German expert dialogue in the framework of a fact-finding tour from August 25 to September 1, 2013

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GIZ Office Jakarta Menara BCA 46th Floor Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 1 Jakarta 10310, Indonesien www.giz.de/indonesia – www.forclime.org ExpErt ExchangE Indonesia – germany

Indonesian forests significantly differ from the Through a diverse programme, such as lectures, German Black Forest (Schwarzwald). For this particu- discussions, and fieldtrips, the participants are able lar reason, 18 officials of the Indonesian Forestry and to get a better understanding of the Black Forest and Planning Ministry travelled to Baden-Württemberg the nearby city of Freiburg. The programme received to meet with their colleagues of ForstBW. special support from the German Federal Ministry Their common goal is the international exchange of for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bunde- experience in the field of close to nature and sustain- sministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit able forest management. und Entwicklung, BMZ) which commissioned the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusamme- To date, Indonesia is still among the largest green- narbeit (GIZ) and the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau house gas emitters. With the passing of a National (KfW) with its implementation in cooperation with Action Plan for the reduction of greenhouse gas the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry. emissions in 2011, the Indonesian government took on the challenge of mitigating climate deteriorating processes, generating sustainable economic growth, gIZ and enabling an improvement of people’s living As a worldwide German Federal enterprise active conditions. in promoting international cooperation for sus- tainable development, the Deutsche Gesellschaft In 2009 the “Forests and Climate Change Pro- für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) gramme” (FORCLIME) was established to support supports the German Federal Government to these efforts. In this context, in August 2013 a achieve its political development goals. fact-finding mission of an Indonesian delegation to It promises sustainable solutions for political, Germany took place. Through this expert dialogue economic, ecological, and social development in the Indonesian visitors wanted to acquire important a globalized world and promotes complex re- know-how in order to reorganize forest management forms or transformation processes, even under in their own country and implement climate change difficult circumstances. Its goal is to sustainably mitigation actions. improve the people’s living conditions.

Page 1 IntroductIon

Indonesia is targeting an annual economic growth of diverse programme, the Indonesian delegation was 7%. At the same time, the country’s greenhouse gas offered the opportunity to seek comprehensive emissions, which in worldwide comparison are information on topics such as forest management significantly high, should be reduced by 26% in the reform, national park management, community year 2020. The decisive contribution to this target forest management, collective forest enterprise, shall be derived from the forestry sector. To achieve renewable energy, and climate change and conduct the targeted objective of reducing emissions requires technical dialogues with their German colleagues. a fundamental reform in the forestry sector. The Indonesian-German development cooperation The result of this Indonesian-German exchange of supports the Indonesian forest management reform information represents an additional important through the Forests and Climate Change Programme contribution to the longstanding successful develop- (FORCLIME), with which the responsibility for man- ment cooperation in the forestry sector. Through this aging forests in the decentralized state structure will brochure we would like to document the course of rest on so called Forest Management Units. As a the fact-finding tour. result, all forest areas will come under a regulated management that will better supervise commercial On behalf of FORCLIME and the delegation we take logging and provide a legal basis for the land use this opportunity to thank all co-workers of ForstBW rights of the local population. The forest manage- for the invitation and the highly interesting pro- ment reform is an important prerequisite to limiting gramme. We would also like to convey our special loss of forests, forest degradation, and CO2 emis- thanks to the organizers and the accompanying sions. persons of the fact-finding tour, as well as the repre- sentatives of the companies, organizations, and The FORCLIME programme has from the beginning institutions we visited. sought the exchange of experience between the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and the Forestry Jakarta, October 2013 Services in Germany. A series of fact-finding tours Helmi Basalamah, Head of Planning Bureau, have promoted the bilateral expert dialogue on forest Indonesian Ministry of Forestry reform processes. In this context, at the invitation of Rolf Krezdorn, FORCLIME Programme Director, GIZ ForstBW, a fact-finding tour of an Indonesian delega- tion to Baden-Württemberg took place from August 25 to September 1, 2013. In the framework of a

Page 2 Economic function • Private timber industry • National economic factors • Jobs • Livelihood security • Tourism • Hunting • Research

Social function • Local recreational area • Health • Education • Hiking • Cycling

Ecological function thE BLacK ForESt • Climate change mitigation • Nature conservation Black Forest is located in the South Western part of • Carbon storage the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg and is • Emission reduction Germany’s largest continuous forest area. The • Biodiversity conservation dense, mixed forest comprising mostly spruce, fi r, • Air pollution control and beech covers an area of about 8,000 square • Soil conservation kilometres over a low mountain range with heights • Water pollution control of up to 1,493 meter. Almost 40% of the federal state is covered with forests. Functions of The natural habitat is characterized by large differ- ences in altitude, by mountains, valleys, and lakes the forest which form the underlying basis of the extraordinary diversity in fl ora and fauna. The overly fertility of the Forests have many functions and for generations region can be attributed to a balanced ratio of humans and animals have utilized them in many sunshine and rainfall: The Rhein valley and the diverse ways. However, all of them can be catego- foothills of Black Forest are predominantly marked rized in three central core functions: Economy, by vineyards, and intensive cultivation of fruits and environment, and society. The ecological, economic, vegetables. Animal husbandries are found in the and social functions of forests interact with each scarcely vegetated hills of the southern Black Forest; other and reaching the consensus of all interests is North Black Forest is marked by sustainable forestry part of sustainable and close to nature forestry. and timber processing industry. Utilization of the Black Forest by humans has been practiced for many centuries. Over time the ownership and utilization forms underwent a progressive transformation. In many parts of the Black Forest traditional small-scale forest management practices by farmers are still dominant. Destructive forest exploitation practices such as charcoal burning, glass blowing workshops, and wood pastures have been replaced by sustain- able forestry in the 19th century.

Forest and timber industries are the most signifi cant economic factors in the region. “Therefore we must work with nature – not against it. Only then is a sustainable forest industry possible,” says Josef Nolle, who works as a forester in the Black Forest. Ruthless exploitation of forests, as took place in the past centuries have today given way to a sustainable forestry from the ecological, economic, and social perspective.

Page 3 Halaman 4 26 ForEStrY SErVIcE coMpanIES august Waldservice ortenau eg, ohlsbach

Waldservice ortenau, auf dem grün 1, 77797 ohlsbach www.waldservice-ortenau.de

The Ortenau district has 47,800 hectares of forest area and lies in Baden-Württemberg’s most forested region. This is where Waldservice Ortenau eG, (WSO) is located. Kurt Weber, one of the board mem- bers, describes: “We are a 100% forestry service company and act in the interest of and according to the needs of our members.” Currently members of the WSO come from 22 communities and six collec- tive forest enterprises.

Services offered by WSO are marked by their diver- sity and stipulated in management contracts with the forest owners. The association organizes all necessary measures: “We purchase the timber from our members, sell it to the industry and receive a previously agreed fee per cubic meter for marketing Services offered the wood,” explains Weber. Forestry services The profits WSO earns at the timber market go back • Sustainable management and tending of to the clients, communities and cities, as well as to communal and private forest areas the private forest owners. • Planning and implementation of logging activities Kurt Weber sketches the daily challenges: “We have • Problem and special logging to deal with steep slopes on rural and federal roads. • Wood storage In the area near public roads it is not possible to • Training simply cut down trees, we have to take the neces- sary safety aspects into account. This requires Marketing of wood products thorough expertise.” This expert knowledge is being • Sale of logs taught to students at training centres recognized by • Value increase of raw materials through bulk the state. In total, the association employs 32 perma- purchasing from small-scale buyers nent co-workers, of which 17 are foresters. They are • Allocation of funds for self-advertising there to ensure that the forest is being managed professionally. Value creation of residual material • Wood chip production using own high In addition, we also offer marketing of wood by- capacity chipper products for energy generation. “We would like to • Marketing of wood by-products contribute to nature conservation by promoting the • Sale of wood for energy generation to large- development of renewable energy,” says Weber and scale buyers and regional companies continues: “We are trying to promote the use of renewable resources in this sector in order to meet Distribution of harvested timber the objectives of climate change mitigation.” 60% Saw mills and timber industry 20% Pulp and paper industry 20% Energy generation

As a forest service provider Waldservice Orte- nau manages 22,491 hectares of forests 40% Private forests 60% Community forests

Page 5 26 thE prIVatE ForESt august Forest Management unit Vorderes Kinzigtal

GIZ: Consultations and knowledge sharing between private forest owners and foresters Forest Management unit Vorderes Kinzigtal ensures sustainable forestry. How do you Josef nolle, auf dem grün 1, 77797 ohlsbach provide additional assistance to private forest owners? Forestry service in Josef Nolle: A forester organizes the technical work and makes the timber of the private forest private forests owner marketable. In total, I organize about 50% of the timber harvest. For a forest owner it The Black Forest is among the forest areas in Ger- is much more economically efficient when I many with the highest diversity of species. Due to combine various tasks and outsource their favourable climate conditions, the forests in this area execution, rather than they have to buy their show a high annual increment which ranks in the own expensive machinery and equipment. But highest range of the possible. For the past eight there are also many forest owners who are years Joseph Nolle has been the head of the forestry entrepreneurs. Their companies have Forest Management Unit. Within the scope of his their own machines with which they, upon my responsibility is the private forest where he has to order, carry out work for their neighbours. look after about 2,000 hectares. Commissioned by the forest administration he supports private forest GIZ: That sounds like regional and close neigh- owners in the implementation of close to nature bourly cooperation. and sustainable forestry. Josef Nolle: I mostly collaborate with experts from the region. They know the area best and Joseph Nolle describes himself as a “service pro- can therefore guarantee the best quality. They vider to private forest owners” by “helping them to know that during wood harvesting special generate income in rural areas.” Subject to the attention is necessary to avoid damage to the wishes of the forest owner, the forester can take care regrowing trees. Replanting is very expensive. of the entire maintenance and management of the At the end of the day, gentle wood harvesting forest or take over only individual assignments. pays off and is more economical.

GIZ: You are taking care of around 8,000 private Scope of tasks forest owners. Which forest managers are your clients, and why do they hire your services? In private forests Josef Nolle: There are forest owners who live • Looking after private forests far away from the forest and pursue other • Secure sustainable forestry based on kinds of employment. There are for example forestry laws farmers who own orchards as well as private • Determine the annual allowable cut according forests. They do have the machinery for fruit to the forest management plan harvesting but not for forestry. These private • Close to nature silviculture forest owners engage my services. • Proper execution of logging activities: Personnel management and logistics GIZ: Can these forest owners entrust you with • Organizing timber sales the entire work? • Hunting, to maintain a balanced ecosystem Josef Nolle: Certainly they can. But that rarely happens because to me it is very important Administrative tasks that those owners identify themselves with • Communication between timber their forests and know what is happening to owner and seller them. Every year I take the forest owner on a • Transfer of money walk trough the forests and we plan on the spot • Board of the associations what can and must be done in the forest.

Infrastructure • Organizing and supervision of road construction through the forest

Page 6 cultivating douglas fir

Caused by the climate change, Europe may have to face warmer and drier climate condi- tions in the future. This poses a special chal- lenge to the forestry sector, in particular regarding the choice of suitable tree species. The Douglas fir can grow on many different sites and shows a tolerance towards dryness and unfavourable light conditions. It is a robust conifer which rapidly gains in diameter and grows very tall. This makes cultivating the Douglas fir not only economically justifiable, but at also contributes to the mitigation of risks a forest has to face under changing environmental conditions. Because of its adaptability the Douglas fir is particularly suitable for rehabilitating forest areas de- stroyed by storms or other environmental factors. The wood of the Douglas fir can be used in many ways. It can be used as con- struction wood and also for interior design such as doors, windows or floors. In addition, there are a number of special applications such as ship masts, rail ties or barrels.

Page 7 27 “EchtLE” SaW MILL august Quality wood from the Black Forest

Sägewerk Echtle Kg, talstraße 12, 77787 nordrach www.echtle-holz.de

The Echtle saw mill in Nordrach employs 40 co- workers who, in a two-shift system, process conifer wood from the Black Forest. At an annual cut of 45,000 solid cubic meters, a volume of seven truck-loads is processed daily. In order to fulfil both the demands of the forest and those of the enter- prises, wood buyers and foresters decide together in the forest which spruce or firs should be harvest- ed. As soon as these up to 120 year old trees arrive at the company’s compound, the processing starts. Wood processing stages at Echtle produces various knotless wood products the saw mill for the domestic as well as the international market, for example: squared timber, solid floorboards, • First quality control by co-workers Totenbrettchen (boards on which the deceased are • Division into three quality classes rested), laminated panels, and many more. What is • A metal detector examines the wood for special about this saw mill is that they generate slivers, nails, and other metal parts in energy from their own waste. Production residuals order to prevent damage to the machines are completely converted into energy. • Debarking of the logs and relocation of the bark via a conveyer belt • Logs are cut into parts using a band saw • Five-meter long logs are, according to quality, processed in eight different ways • According to the cut, the wood is transferred to different processing lanes • Technical quality control • Optical devises recognize quality defects in the raw material • Automatic circular saws cut out defective wood parts • Flawless timber is being sorted based on size and proceeded to the next production steps

Page 8 “EchtLE” SaW MILL Quality wood from the Black Forest Energy generation from

co2-neutral by-products Echtle invested in renewable energy and has installed an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Generator on its company compound. During the wood production process saw mill waste products such as bark, chips, saw dust, or wood are produced and set aside because of inferior quality. This type of “waste” is completely used for energy generation and burned in the OCR power generator.

In this way Echtle produces more power daily than it consumes. According to the German Renewable Energy Act, the electricity produced must be sold and fed into the electricity grid. This is how the company succeeds in supplying the neighbouring hospital with heat and making additional profits.

Energy generation in the Harald Bröker orc power generator Procurement manager at the Echtle saw mill • Saw mill waste is channelled from the produc GIZ: Every day you generate more electric tion line through conveyer belts into the ORC power and heat than needed for your saw mill. Power Generator What will happen to the surplus in the future? • Power generation starts in the ORC installation Harald Bröker: From our bark waste we pro- through a steam turbine, which is not driven by duce around 100 kWh more electricity than we water vapour, but from organic liquid with low need. Therefore, this winter we will distribute evaporation point our surplus through a district heating grid to a • The heat produced in a closed circuit is then nearby village where we provide energy from used for heating renewable resources to those who are willing to, for instance to a clinic, a hotel, the commu- nity hall, the town hall and private households. The expansion of the heating grid connections additional value of the from our saw mill into the neighbouring village power generator are currently under construction. • Energy generation from renewable resources

• CO2-neutral power generation • Covers the increasing need for energy and heat • Utilization of all residual by-products

Yield of the closed circuit

Electricity: 1 MWh Heat: 4 MWh

Page 9 Halaman 10 Halaman 11 27 proFIt IncrEaSE through august Wood gaSIFIcatIon – Stephan diener

Stephan Diener is a private forest owner and forest- er. He fells timber for forest owners with self-owned machines and transports them to saw mills. Some tree parts cannot be processed at the mills and are thus set aside as seemingly worthless by-products.

In October 2012 Stephan Diener built a wood gasifier on his company’s compound. In order to work more economically, electricity and heat are produced from residual wood material. His target is to feed the energy produced into the public grid and earn additional profits.

At a weekly wood chip consumption of 20 m3, Stephan Diener produces 45 kWh of electricity, of which an additional 120 kWh of thermal discharge is generated. The heat is a by-product generated by the engine’s cooling system. In summer the heat is used to dry wood chips, in winter it is fed into the public heat grid and provides households with heat. All year long the electric power is sold and fed into Stephan Diener the grid. Private forest owner

GIZ: How would you evaluate the wood gasifi- cation installation at your company? Stephan Diener: In my opinion, it can’t be any better! What is produced in conventional power plants, we produce here from renew- able energy. We achieve a double value crea- tion from wood chips. The investment was worth it.

Wood gasification

• A kettle is filled with dry wood chips. Moisture content <10% • Wood chips are turned into charcoal at 900°C • Wood gas develops • The gas is cleansed of coal particles through a filter • Clean wood gas drives the turbine and produces electricity • Pure carbon is left behind • Residue is returned into the natural cycle as fertilizer

Page 12 Halaman 13 28 FSc / pEFc august cErtIFIcatIon

regional administration (regierungspräsidium) Freiburg Bertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de

In 1992 a United Nations Conference on Environment and Development took place in Rio de Janeiro. During the conference, principles for sustainable development and environmentally friendly econo- mies were adopted. Based on these statutes, in 1993 the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was estab- lished. In 1999 support for sustainable forest man- Julius Forneck agement was further secured through the “Pro- Forest Service Officer gramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes“ (PEFC). GIZ: You are working at the Ministry for Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection in Baden-Würt- Nowadays, FSC and PEFC are the most important temberg. Eighty-two per cent of your region has certification systems for wood from proven sustain- been PEFC certified. In addition currently efforts able forestry. Independent surveyors periodically are made to obtain FSC certification. What is the determine whether all certification requirements are added value of having double certification? fulfilled. Following an examination, regions Julius Forneck: Firstly, the sustainable forest and companies are granted a seal of approval which management we practice will be further empha- helps to position themselves positively on the sized. Secondly, by having both certifications market. we can better meet the growing demand for certified wood. Demand for ecologically sound, socially compliant, economically and sustainably produced wood GIZ: In the production of certified wood there products is continually rising. Both certification are stringent laws and regulations that must be schemes ensure responsible interaction with strictly adhered to. What is the situation like the environment and match the growing consumer regarding the implementation of the FSC guide- demand for products that have been produced lines? sustainably. Julius Forneck: Black Forest has been PEFC certified for more than ten years. This applies to state, community, and private forests. We do certified forest areas not have problems any more in implementing these guidelines. With FSC we have to work 1,100,000 hectares in Baden-Württemberg (82%) more with the public since the FSC certification 7,700,000 hectares in Germany (70%) has more stringent criteria, for example about 90,900,000 hectares in Europe (3.3%) the use of wood preservatives and pest man- agement in forests. This applies to living trees as well as harvested timber. Therefore we have to encourage our forest owners to participate Significant differences between more often in the discussions.

the certification schemes GIZ: New restrictions demand an adjustment in the production techniques which often comes FSC – Seal of approval for companies with higher expenditures. How do small • International accrediting system forest enterprises succeed in complying with all • International FSC standards are compulsory guidelines? Julius Forneck: Under the PEFC scheme group FSC – seal of approval for companies certifications are possible. This is also aimed • National accrediting system at in FSC. Following the implementation, private • National standards are compulsory forest enterprises can also consolidate and be certified.

Page 14 ForESt adMInIStratIon rEForM Baden-Württemberg / Forest directorate Freiburg

regional administration (regierungspräsidium) Freiburg Bertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de

Following successful reforms of the past years with union-approved personnel reduction of 40% and achieving an efficiency rate of 20%, the administra- tive structure has been further optimized. In 2010 the Administrative Reform Act was passed and the Landesbetrieb (state enterprise) ForstBW established. With its establishment the enterprise, its services, and forest management authorities were restructured. Basah Hernowo Mr Hauck is the Leading Forest Director at ForstBW Director of Forestry and Water Resources, and in charge of the silviculture, forest conservation, Indonesian Agency for National Development and climate change department. He assesses the Planning (BAPPENAS) advantages of the reforms as follows: “Concerning the forest and forestry, we now have an assertive GIZ: During your visit, you exchanged views on management with direct communication. Our techni- forest administration reforms with co-workers cal competence is very powerful. In technical mat- of ForstBW. How is forest management admin- ters we work independently and have our own istration currently structured in Indonesia? budget. In matters of personnel management there Hernowo: The forest administration in Indone- is still room for improvement. Currently efforts are sia is decentralized. There is on one side the under way to fine-tune the administration reform.“ state forest management which is concerned with financing and environmental laws, and has a supervisory function over the district governments. The district governments are then responsible for their respective depart- ments, economic feasibility of forest manage- ment, and implementation of practical nature conservation. 16 million hectares of natural forests are managed locally. These areas are very vulnerable to illegal logging and forest fires. We hope to be able to change the situa- tion through our continuous forest manage- ment reforms. In this matter the exchange with colleagues from ForstBW is very helpful.

GIZ: Why is international cooperation important for climate change mitigation in Indonesia? Hernowo: The causes of climate change are global. Therefore we can only offset deficits and develop solution strategies through international cooperation. We have to exchange knowledge and act in concert. Through academic, technical, and economic exchange we can better learn from each other and find solutions.

Page 15 28 ForEStrY pLannIng august planning of State and community Forests

Hubertus von der Goltz regional administration (regierungspräsidi- Forestry Director um) FreiburgBertoldstraße 43, 79114 Freiburg www.rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de GIZ: Forestry planning is part of the Federal State Forest Act. It includes many guidelines and details regarding forest use and forest manage- ment in Baden-Württemberg. What are the key statements of the Act? Goltz: In its basic outlines, the law requires scheduled, professional, thorough and sustain- able forest management.

GIZ: The strict guidelines of the State Forest Act are binding for all forest owners, whether state or privately owned. Do these laws present obstacles for the commercial exploitation of forests? Goltz: Together with the forest owner, focus areas regarding the exploitation are determined prior to the forest management planning. Pro- duction, recreational, and protective functions of the forest area will be taken into account. These objectives are then included in the forest Forest management planning (Forsteinrichtung) is a management planning. Conflicting objectives planning instrument to ensure professional, thor- should be resolved through various uses within ough, and sustainable forest management. a forest enterprise. One of the central tasks of the forest management planning is to find a way Forest planning is necessary to prevent forest between economic interests and nature destruction by the wood-using industry. Since the conservation. 16th century efforts have been made to protect forests and since the year 1822 forest management GIZ: During forest management planning, planning became compulsory in Germany. Forest electronic data are collected about the forest, its management planning takes place at ten-year inter- size and the current state of the area. The in- vals. It sets the scope of use for the next decade. sights obtained during their inquiry are made accessible to the public. What is the role of Forest management planning enables long-term digitizing the information for both your work and monitoring of forest development. In addition, a the citizens? forester is responsible for annual assessments and Goltz: Electronic data processing (EDP) is very monitoring of enforcement. important for us. It serves as a record of all measurements, and at the same time we can The combination of long-term monitoring and compare and assess how the forest develops periodic inspections has a supervisory function and over a long period of time. It can also inform the helps to improve sustainable forest use. public through an internet platform about the state and planning of the forest itself. Thus, EDP is a necessary tool for us and makes it possible Factors of forest planning for the community to participate in many proc- esses. That would not be possible without • Objective of the forest owner, whether private digital capture. or state • Natural and site-related factors • Climatic changes • Sustainability • Conservation of biodiversity

Page 16 the three stages of forest management planning

Forest inventory • Recording the state of the forest through sampling • Measuring inventory: Size of trees, variety of tree species, rejuvenation, and damage are recorded

Monitoring • Monitoring compliance during operations over the last ten years • Implementation of agreed objectives by forest owners and foresters are checked • Changes during the past years • Development of the forest • Where have additional damages occurred

Planning • Timber utilization, intensity of intervention, natural rejuvenation and setup of nursing areas • Integration of nature conservation measures

Page 17 29 natIonaL parK oF thE BLacK ForESt august protective Forest “Wild Lake” (Wilder See) naturschutzzentrum ruhestein in Black Forest (nature conservation centre) Schwarzwaldhochstraße 2 77889 Seebach www.naturschutzzentrum-ruhestein.de

In 1911 an area of 75 hectares in Baiersbronn was designated as a protected forest to give it a chance to recover from ruthless exploitation and deforesta- tion as it had been used as pastures for cattle herding in the past. In the centre of the area is the Wilde Lake offering vital drinking water to livestock and wildlife. Nowadays a nature reserve borders the protection forest. It is characterized by scarcely vegetated areas and highland marches. This envi- ronment offers an ideal habitat for the wood grouse and other wildlife. The Forestry Service (Forstamt) manages the reserve to artificially preserve this habitat, which would otherwise be subject to a continuous change process through natural succes- sion.

Mr. Ziegler, Forestry Director in Baiersbronn, ex- plains the essential difference between a national park (Nationalpark) and a nature reserve (Natur- schutzgebiet): “The nature reserve serves the purpose of preserving the current state and the national park encourages the natural process of change. What happens in the nature reserve is regulated by the foresters. The development of a national park, however, is only known by nature.”

Benefits for the region

• The establishment of an information centre and an administrative centre • New jobs • Enhanced tourist facilities • Investments in the infrastructure and Today, for nearly 100 years the protection forest has expansion of the local transportation network stayed untouched by the people. In January 2014 Baden-Württemberg’s first National Park will be established in the same area, stretching across 10,000 concerns of the population hectares. Only up to a maximum of 25% of the area would then be allowed for cultivation. In the remain- ing 75% of the forest nature would be allowed to • Decline in biodiversity reign. • Restricted use of the local forest • Negative changes of scenery and landscape People may only observe what is happening. The • Economic losses through restructuring of debate around the establishment of a national parked recreational facilities stirred up emotions. The likely impacts of the national park on the biodiversity, on tourism, and the natural state of the forest, are a question that can only be answered over time. In the meantime, politicians and citizens continue their debate.

Page 18 Halaman 19 national park

Advantages • Natural dynamics of forests can take place • Scientific research about fully protected areas

• Old trees can store more CO2 • Deadwood stays in the forest • Natural nutrievnt cycle

Disadvantages • Pest control may only be undertaken at a limited scale and pests may spread to managed forests • Possible decline in biodiversity as endangered species will no longer receive special protection nature reserve

Advantages • Flora and fauna will be protected by foresters • Biodiversity will be maintained in its actual state and promoted • Current tree composition remains unchanged • Exploitation may only take place if it serves species protection

Disadvantages • Protection applies to everything, no matter if native, close to nature or not

Page 20 Page 21 29 LotharpFad august Wood damage, recovery, reforestation

Lotharpfad, 72270 Baiersbronn www.schwarzwald.com

On December 26, 1999 hurricane “Lothar” raged over large parts of Europe. Within a few minutes the hurricane also caused huge damages in Black Forest which are still felt to this day. In total, “Lothar” destroyed 40,000 hectares of forest area. Later, a total of 700,000 cubic meter of wind-blown timber, representing 16 times the annual timber cut, had to be recovered.

Ten hectares of the affected area were not cleared after the storm but left to nature and its self-healing power. It was there where Lotharpfad (Lothar path) was built in 2003. Via a 800 meter long path the storm-affected area can be explored. Information panels explain about the storm damage, natural regrowth, and the growing biodiversity. Mr Ziegler, Forest Director in Baiersbronn, explains the reason for leaving the storm-affected areas untouched as follows: “On the one hand it serves to show how storm damage at this scale looks like. On the other hand, it demonstrates what happens to deadwood if it is not cleared and how nature deals with it.“

After the second world war this area was ruthlessly exploited to enable the country to pay for war reparations. Following the deforestation, fast grow- ing spruce in monocultures was planted. “The Lotharpfad shows,” continues Ziegler “that obvi- ously natural forests grow differently than those under human intervention. In general natural forests are richer in structure, have a higher biodiversity, grow more densely, and are less vulnerable to pests and diseases. We can see how a forests regenerates by itself and which trees survive naturally.”

Page 22 LotharpFad Indra Kumara Wood damage, recovery, reforestation Head of Planning Division of Kapuas Hulu Forestry Administration District Office

GIZ: Mr. Kumara, your tasks include taking care of an area with two national parks in West Kalimantan. How important are the protected areas for your work? Kumara: Under my care is an area with the largest peat forest, many lakes and the source of a river which supplies the entire area south of the park with clean water. Only 20% of the area under my care can be used for forestry. So in order to stay eco- nomically efficient we have to invest in ecologically sustainable tourism. Our plan for the next five years is to expand the ecotouristic sector. Therefore the infrastruc- ture must be expanded and recreational facilities extended.

GIZ: During the establishment of the Nation- al Park in Baden-Württemberg discussions seem never-ending. To resolve the conflicts, demoscopic surveys were carried out to allow the community to participate in the decision-making process. What is the con- clusion you can draw for your work? Kumara: Conflict management during the debates on the National Park in the Black Forest was particularly interesting. Social forestry has become increasingly important in Indonesia. We would also like to commu- nicate with the local community to finally work out mutually satisfactory solutions.

Page 23 30 ForEStrY ExpErIMEntaL and rESEarch august InStItutE BadEn-WürttEMBErg

Structure of the FVa FVa – Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau Forest growth www.fva-bw.de Network of experimental areas, quality and The Forestry Experimental and Research Institute susceptibility to damage, growth and environ- Baden-Württemberg (FVA) is one of the largest ment, growth simulation German institutes in this field. The FVA is under the Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection in Forest conservation Stuttgart, and organization-wise connected to Tree nursery, forest genetics, forest protected ForstBW. The practice-oriented studies of the Busi- areas, site/ soil science and site mapping, forest ness Research Institute (Betriebsforschungsinstituts) biotope mapping, wildlife ecology focus on the concerns of the forestry sector. Not only private, community and state forests will benefit Soil and environment from the research, but also international climate Forestry environmental monitoring, forest and research. water, regionalization of soil data, soil physics, forest nutrition and melioration, forest nutrient 65-70% of the institute’s budget come from the balance national budget. The funds provided are designated for research projects and personnel costs. In addi- Forest conservation tion, the FVA receives external funding from re- Integrated forest conservation – forest pathol- search institutions and the European Union. ogy, pest control and forecast

The FVA has been practicing research for already 130 Forest and society years. Today the research institute has 210 employ- Sustainability and multifunctional forestry, ees dealing with critical issues on forests and climate recreation and tourism in the forest, landscape change. The FVA is organized into nine departments. care The board is responsible for administrative tasks such as supervision and management, but also Forest use public relations. The remaining eight departments Timber harvesting and logistics, forest mensu- devote themselves to research on forests, from both ration and sorting, applied wood research, the perspective of social and natural sciences. products and marketing, energy wood

Forest economy Test operating networks (Testbetriebsnetze), economics of forestry, forest business manage- ment, multi-dimensional instruments

Biometry and informatics Forest inventories, model development, re- search on climate impacts and integrated risk management, software solutions, statistics and GIS consulting, IT and GIS techniques

Page 24 Franka Brüchert In charge of scientific matters of the re- search project “What Makes Wood so Medical technology in Attractive?“ wood processing GIZ: Your research has just started and the use of computed tomography in the wood A current FVA research project is: “What Makes industry is not common. Which benefits can Wood so Attractive?” The market psychological be obtained from your long-term study for research looks at which natural properties to wood production? surfaces are perceived positively by consumers. On Brüchert: The device is in its early testing this basis, technical procedures are being developed, phase which is only the beginning for its which ensure the resource-efficient processing of industrial implementation. Thanks to our timber. For research purposes, newly felled trees are research, we will be able to use wood screened using computer tomography (CT) X-rays. resources better and more efficiently by The internal tree structure will be accurately visual- applying sawing techniques with lower ized and will allow a three-dimensional view to losses. For which specific areas of applica- recognize defects such as knots, cracks and resin tion we can use this technique still has to be inclusions. The advantage is that the process is proven in the future. completed before further processing of the timber. The imaging process helps to create a perfect cut GIZ: Consuming less resources will be pattern and to economically utilize wood. beneficial for environmental and climate protection but will also cause a decreasing Franka Brüchert, the person responsible for scientific demand for raw materials. Won’t this lead to matters describes the economic relevance of the less profits for forest owners and the wood project as follows: “Everyone needs industrial wood, processing industry? however, it is a limited commodity. The less waste is Brüchert: Obviously there is criticism from produced during wood processing, the less raw the wood industry. Some say we would material needs to be removed from the forest and malign their wood, while others fear a the higher the revenues obtained.” reduction in their profits. For sure, lumber and construction timber need to be of high grade in order to remain marketable. With our technique we can identify more details and so optimize the use of the raw material. The wood remains the same but the quality of the final product will be enhanced. This will certainly become apparent in the mon- etary value of the wood. I think that our technology will pay off.

Page 25 Klaus von Wilpert Head of the Soil and Environment Department

GIZ: Your practice-oriented studies find them- selves between basic research, ecology and administration. Do your findings at the FVA have a direct impact on politics? Von Wilpert: What I can say about the FVA is that we do not have direct political decision- making authority. We can influence political decisions through our advice by conducting research, overseeing operations and providing forecasts. Laws and guidelines may be adopted on the basis of our work, but in the end it is politicians who pass the laws. Nevertheless, we have an influence and that we will also use it.

GIZ: What are the latest findings of the FVA which will reach the political level? Von Wilpert: Our long-term measurements and observations show how the nutrient cycle of the forest has changed because of modern forest management. Today, logs are no longer debarked in the forest but at the sawmill. If the nutrient rich bark is removed from the ecosys- tem, the nutrient content of the soil decreases. This leads to discrepancies in the debate on sustainability. To this effect, we have developed strategies how to prevent the situation and these are now being discussed.

GIZ: What are the possible actions taken? Von Wilpert: There were considerations to cut less wood to reduce the loss of nutrients. But our studies show that we could increase the volume harvested and use up to 30% of the logging volume for energy generation. The ash produced could then be returned to the forest. It is scientifically proven that overexploitation of the forests would be counterproductive.

Page 26 Page 27 Halaman 28 31 IntErVIEWS Tonny Suhartono august Head of Regional Forestry Development

GIZ: For you, issues such as environmental protection and climate change are part of your daily professional life. What is most interesting to you in a city such as Freiburg? Suhartono: Freiburg is an excellent example of a “green city”. Usually, I obtain my infor- mation from the Internet. But now I can make myself a picture of how climate-friend- ly measures are implemented and what positive effects they have on the quality of air and life.

GIZ: What will you pass on to your fellow people following your visit in Freiburg? Suhartono: The Indonesian people are in a continues learning process. I would like to further raise the awareness of the next generation about climate protection and sustainability. I will tell them about the benefits of a modern and economically active life style, which does not exclude nature conservation. Wilistra Danny Head of Bilateral Cooperation Division Helmi Basalamah GIZ: You are the head of the Division for Head of Planning Bureau International Cooperation. Why is this exchange so important for the Indonesian GIZ: You are head of the planning bureau at the delegation? Ministry of Forestry. Which aspects of the coop- Danny: We need an active exchange of knowl- eration with Baden-Württemberg were particu- edge to continually improve the conditions for larly interesting for you? an economical, ecological, and social forest Basalamah: Two aspects were particularly helpful management. In Indonesia there is still a gap to my work at the Ministry of Forestry. Firstly, I between high-yielding forest exploitation and have observed how sustainable forest manage- environmental protection. Through this coop- ment is practiced in Germany. Secondly, I have eration we would like to accumulate insights in learnt which strategies are effective in reducing

order to how to change the situation in Indone- CO2 emissions. In terms of content, our delega- sia. tion is now informed. In the near future we will examine which methods can be applied in Indo- GIZ: What will those future changes look like? nesia. Danny: We need to reform our forest manage- ment, adopt sustainability laws and would like GIZ: In Indonesia issues around social forest to cooperate as a trusted international partner. management have become increasingly urgent. To this end, we need the expert dialogue to Have you discovered any possible solutions for identify vulnerabilities and develop common your home country during your stay in the Black solutions to climate change mitigation. In this Forest? way we can extend our knowledge about Basalamah: We observed how the government climate-friendly and sustainable forest man- works together with the people. agement. In dialogues they develop joint solutions for nature conservation. This will affect forest plan- ning, reduction of emissions as well as the use of wood and forest. The well-trained foresters function as intermediaries between the state and the people. This is a concept proven over a long period of time.

Page 29 rEcrEatIon and tourISM opEn aIr MuSEuM VogtSBauErnhoF

August 27 The Vogtsbauernhof (Vogts farm) shows visitors that over the centuries, the forest and the history of its use have changed. We have learned that only through sustainable interaction with nature, man and his environment will find harmony in order to achieve long-term benefits from each other.

SuMMEr toBoggan run

August 27 In winter the hills of the Black Forest provide a perfect opportunity for skiing. To have the fun continue also in summer, the Black Forest Toboggan Run invites to go on a fast sledge ride.

LaKE tItI (tItISEE)

August 28 A boat tour on the Titisee showed the magnificence of the Black Forest. Beautiful landscapes can be seen from the deck of the boat. From the water, the hills of the Black Forest rise on both sides.

FrEIBurg IM BrEISgau

August 31 A city tour through Freiburg on the last travel day brought the visit to Black Forest to a successful end. The participants of the fact-finding tour have learned more about the history and culture of the Breisgau area and were able to get first-hand experiences about the benefits of well-managed forests. Freiburg is governed by a mayor from the Bündnis 90 party, also referred to as “Die Grünen” (The Greens). It becomes clear that in the urban space of a “green city” sustainable interaction with nature contributes to the wellbeing of its inhabitants. Through the nature-oriented use of the Black Forest, city dwellers also benefit from fresh air and clean rivers. The omnipresence of climate protection has made Baden-Württemberg an economically and climatically healthy region.

Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 prograMME ItInErarY august 26 – august 31, 2013

August 26, 2013 1 Wald-Service-Ortenau e.G. 2 Visit to a private forest

August 27, 2013 3 Sägewerk Echtle KG (Sawmill) 4 Open Air Museum Vogtsbauernhof Neckar- August 28, 2013 Main-Tauber- Mannheim Odenwald- 5 Forest ManagementKr eFreiburgis Kreis 6 Titisee Heidelberg

Rhein-Neckar- August 29, 2013 Kreis 7 Nature Conservation Centre Ruhestein 8 HeLotharpfadilbronn Hohenlohe- kreis Karlsruhe HeilbAugustronn 30, 2013 Schwäbisch Hall Sta9d t Forestry Experiment and Research Karlsruhe Institute Baden-Württemberg Stadt Ludwigsburg Enzkreis August 31, 2013 5 City tour through Freiburg Ostalbkreis Rastatt Pforzheim Rems-Murr-Kreis Baden- Baden Stuttgart

Calw Böblingen Göppingen Heidenheim Esslingen 7 Freudenstadt O enburg 8 Alb-Donau-Kreis Tübingen 1 3 2 Ulm Ortenaukreis Reutlingen

4 Rottweil Zollernalbkreis

Emmendingen Schwarzwald- Biberach Freiburg Tuttlingen Sigmaringen 5 Baar-Kreis 9

Breisgau- Hoch6schwarzwald Ravensburg Konstanz

Bodensee- Lörrach Waldshut kreis

Page 33 partIcIpantS

Helmi Basalamah Dedi Haryadi Head of Planning Bureau Head of Evaluation, Bureau of Planning

Tonny Suhartono Head of Regional Forestry development

Jamal Husni Tunggul Butar Butar Manager of FMU Limapuluh Kota Senior Adviser

Basah Hernowo Director for Forestry and Water Resource, State Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS)

Wilistra Danny Indra Kumara Head of Bilateral Cooperation Division Head of Planning Division of Kapuas Hulu Forestry

Page 34 Gatot Moeryanto Djimlan Saleh Senior Adviser FMUvv Boalemo Manager

Hasbi Afkar Head of Forest Area Preparation of South Sulawesi

Sugeng Marsudiarso Is Mugiono Head of Social Forestry Division Director of Forest area preparation and utilization

Pipin Permadi Senior Advisor

Suparno Kasim Moestofa Agung Sardjono Deputy for District Major on Economic Lecturer of Development of Berau District Mulawarman University

Page 35 coLophon

Person in Charge: Rolf Krezdorn Author: Maija Pitschugin Interpreter: Nena Soeprapto-Jansen Photos and Design: Tobias Donat

Printing: Sunsetmedia Creativstudio, Jakarta 12740, Indonesia

Jakarta 2013

traVEL accoMpanIMEnt tEaM

Rolf Krezdorn Nena Soeprapto-Jansen Maija Pitschugin Organizer Interpreter Journalist

Peter Löffler Tobias Donat Bus driver Photographer

Page 36 Forests and Climate Change Programme (FORCLIME)

PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DAN MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM Dialog antarpakar Indonesia-Jerman dalam rangka studi dan kunjungan dari 25 Agustus sampai 1 September 2013

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GIZ Office Jakarta Menara BCA 46th Floor Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 1 Jakarta 10310, Indonesien www.giz.de/indonesia – www.forclime.org