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The Works in Logic by Bosniac Authors in Arabic 2008066 2008066. (Brill: 15335). Ljubovic. Prelims. Proef 3. 13-8-2008:11.43, page -1. The Works in Logic by Bosniac Authors in Arabic 2008066. (Brill: 15335). Ljubovic. Prelims. Proef 3. 13-8-2008:11.43, page -2. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science Texts and Studies Edited by H. Daiber VOLUME LXXVII 2008066. (Brill: 15335). Ljubovic. Prelims. Proef 3. 13-8-2008:11.43, page -3. The Works in Logic by Bosniac Authors in Arabic By Amir Ljubovic´ LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 2008066. (Brill: 15335). Ljubovic. Prelims. Proef 3. 13-8-2008:11.43, page -4. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ljubovic, Amir, 1945- The works in logic by Bosniac authors in Arabic / by Amir Ljubovic. p. cm. -- (Islamic philosophy, theology and science ; v. 77) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16856-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Logic--Bosnia and Hercegovina--History. 2. Aristotle. I. Title. BC39.5.B54L58 2008 160.949742--dc22 2008029639 ISSN: 0169-8729 ISBN: 978 90 04 16856 5 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -5. CONTENTS Transcription Table.................................................... vii ListofAbbreviations................................................... ix Introduction............................................................ 1 Chapter I. Development of Arabic Logic by the 16thCentury ..... 9 ChapterII.BosniacAuthorsandTheirWorks ...................... 25 Hasan. Kaf¯ ¯ıal-Aq¯ hi. s.ar¯ ¯ı............................................. 27 Kaf¯ ¯ı’s Compendium of Logic ................................... 28 A Commentary on the “Kaf¯ ¯ı’s Compendium of Logic” ....... 30 Muhammad. b. Mus¯ a¯ #Allamak¯ al-Bosnaw¯ı as-Saray¯ı............. 31 A Commentaryon“TheSunTreatise” ........................ 35 Mustafab.Y¯ usuf¯ b. Ayyub¯ ¯ı-zade¯ al-Most¯ ar¯ ¯ıaˇs-Sayˇ hYuy¯ o¯ ...... 36 .. ¯ A Commentary on “At¯ır¯ı’sTreatiseinLogic”.................. 38 ¯ A Useful Marginalia to “Al-Fanar¯ ¯ı’sRemarks”................. 39 TheNewCommentaryon“TheSunTreatise”................ 40 A Commentary on “The Training in Logic and Apologetics” 45 Muhammad. b. Mus.taf. aal-¯ Caynawˇ ¯ı(Cajniˇ canin).................ˇ 48 Otherauthors....................................................... 50 Ibrah¯ ¯ım b. Ramad.an¯ al-Bosnaw¯ı (Boˇsnjak)..................... 50 Fa¯dil. U¯ ziˇ cawalˇ ¯ı(Uziˇ canin)ˇ ...................................... 53 Muhammad. b. Yusuf¯ al-Bosnaw¯ı (Boˇsnjak)..................... 54 Chapter III. Characteristics of Works in the Field of Logic—IssuesintheFieldofLogic ................................ 57 Subject,MethodandObjectiveofLogic.......................... 57 TeachingofNotion................................................. 67 Definition and Description ...................................... 82 On Judgment........................................................ 86 Theory of Judgment and Judging ............................... 86 Relations Among Judgments .................................... 96 On Concluding ..................................................... 99 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -6. vi contents General Notion and Issue of Concluding....................... 99 Syllogism ......................................................... 100 InductionandAnalogy .......................................... 113 Argumentation................................................... 116 Demonstration ................................................ 117 OtherTypesofArgumentation............................... 122 Sophistic....................................................... 129 ScientificQuestioning ........................................... 132 Terminological Characteristics ..................................... 135 Chapter IV. Comparison: Bosniac Logicians and Logicians of Western Europe..................................................... 143 ChapterV.LogicintheClassicalSystemofIslamicSciences....... 169 Conclusion............................................................. 193 Glossary of Logical Terminology ..................................... 203 SourcesandLiterature ................................................ 217 IndexofPersonalNames.............................................. 229 IndexofEnglishLogicalTerms....................................... 237 Index of Arabic Logical Terms ....................................... 247 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -7. TRANSCRIPTION TABLE I. Consonants = " =z =q =b =s =k =t = ˇs =l = t = s =m ¯ . = gˇ = d. =n = h. U = t. =h = h = z =w ¯ . =d = # =y = d = g˙ =a(t) ¯ =r =f =bb II. Vowels – =a – = a¯ –=u –= u¯ – =i – = ¯ı III. Diphthongs – =aw – =ay 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -8. 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -9. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHM Arhiv Hercegovine. Mostar ANUBIH Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo. Bratislava, UK Univerzitetna kniznicaˇ v Bratislave. Bratislava. EI Encyclopaedia of Islam (Encyclopédie de l’Islam). Leiden. New edition. 1, 1960ff. Suppl. 1980ff. GAL Geschichte der arabischen Litterature (Carl Brockelmann). GIVZ Glasnik Islamske vjerske zajednice. Sarajevo. GHB Gazi Husrev-begova biblioteka. Sarajevo. GVIS Glasnik Vrhovnog islamskog starjeˇsinstva. Sarajevo. HAZU Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. Zagreb. OIS Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu. Sarajevo. OZ HAZU Orijentalna zbirka Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Zagreb. POF Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju (i istoriju jugosloven- skih naroda pod turskom vladavinom). Sarajevo. Prilozi… Prilozi za izucavanjeˇ hrvatske filozofske baˇstine. Zagreb. TSMK AYK Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi Arapça Yazmaları Kataloguˇ ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. Weisbaden. 2008062. Ljubovic. 00_Prelims. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page -10. 2008062. Ljubovic. 00b_Introduction. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page 1. INTRODUCTION In the distant year of 1910, Safvet-beg Baˇsagic,´ the first Bosniac doctor of philosophy, published his doctoral thesis Die Bosniaken und Hercegov- cen auf dem Gebiete der islamischen Literatur, later translated into Bosnian as Bosnjaciˇ i Hercegovci u islamskoj knjizevnostiˇ [Bosniacs and Herzegov- inans in Islamic Literature], Sarajevo, 1912). His thesis points out the general ignorance of Bosnian heritage in Oriental languages, and that “the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina have forgotten their glorious forefathers whose names were celebrated in the Islamic world through scholarly and poetic works”. This Baˇsagic’s´ paper lays the foundation and sets the objectives for future research in the cultural heritage of Bosniacs in Oriental languages. Sincethattimealotofeffort has been invested into bringing round this aspect of cultural life and mode of creativity, but this effort has certainly not been sufficient. Primarily, most of the research work com- pleted and findings published so far are of bibliographical character, which can be classified as primary research, collecting material, com- piling records and processing data about individual authors and their writings, first readings of the text, etc. However, modern researchers are increasingly faced with the task of producing a study on individ- ual cultural issues of the past, individual authors or areas of their cre- ativity, all creating preconditions for a complete historical and cultural evaluation of the heritage and give a precise portrayal of the profu- sion and complexity of the cultural history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hence the determination to present previously unresearched thoughts of our Predecessors who were active in the field of philosophy, or to be more exact, logic that was influenced by the Arabic-Islamic spiritual and cultural tradition in this region. These works deserve special atten- tion and draw interest, even from the scientific circles outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, as they offer reliable proof of presence and function of Aristotelianism in this region in a certain period of time. Therefore, we present this field of logic for its significance, its range and its role within the specific concept of the world, science and philosophy, but also within its own context that has always promoted rational thinking. 2008062. Ljubovic. 00b_Introduction. Proef 4. 18-8-2008:14.44, page 2. 2 introduction It was our desire that this book achieves the same task, to fill at least one of the gaps in the obscure area of the cultural and scientific past of Bosnia and Herzegovina.1 The so called “Arabic period” is relatively well known in the history of logic. For the most part it is the period from the translation of Aris- totle’s writings into Arabic, to the end of the 13th century, to the intro- duction of the writings
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