DOCSLIB.ORG

Medieval Philosophy: an Historical and Philosophical Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Medieval Philosophy: an Historical and Philosophical Introduction MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY ‘Dr Marenbon’s book is an authoritative, comprehensive, yet accessible survey of medieval philosophy, written by an expert at the height of his critical powers. Not only does the book guide the reader through the diverse issues of medieval philosophy, but provides sagacious instruction and illuminating commentary on the central topics of its chosen period of study.’ Martin Stone, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. ‘Marenbon has managed to write about an enormous array of topics in a lucid and accessible way. His prose is clear without being condescending, informative without being either patronizing or importunate. The beginner will find it approachable and unpretentious.’ Peter King, University of Toronto, Canada This new introduction replaces Marenbon’s best-selling editions Early Medieval Philosophy (1983) and Later Medieval Philosophy (1987) to present a single author- itative and comprehensive study of the period. An entirely new book, written in the light of the scholarship of the last twenty years, it will be the standard companion for all students of medieval philosophy. It gives a lucid and engaging account of the history of philosophy in the Middle Ages, discussing the main writers and ideas, the social and intellectual contexts, and the important concepts used in medieval philosophy. Medieval Philosophy gives a chronological account which: • treats all four main traditions of philosophy that stem from the Greek heritage of late antiquity: Greek Christian philosophy, Latin philosophy, Arabic philos- ophy and Jewish philosophy • provides a series of ‘study’ sections for close attention to arguments and shorter ‘interludes’ that point to the wider questions of the intellectual context • combines philosophical analysis with historical background • includes a helpful detailed guide to further reading and an extensive bibliography All students of medieval philosophy, medieval history, theology or religion will find this necessary reading. John Marenbon is a senior research fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, UK. MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY An historical and philosophical introduction John Marenbon First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2007 John Marenbon All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 10: 0–415–28112–1 (hbk) ISBN 10: 0–415–28113–X (pbk) ISBN 10: 0–203–96876–X (ebk) ISBN 13: 978–0–415–28112–6 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978–0–415–28113–3 (pbk) ISBN 13: 978–0–203–96876–5 (ebk) iv CONTENTS Preface ix Methods of reference xi Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 2 The ancient traditions in medieval philosophy 6 1 What was ancient philosophy? 6 2 Some Aristotelian themes 7 3 Plato, and the Hellenistic Schools 13 4 Plotinus’s Neoplatonism 16 5 Porphyry and Aristotelian logic 20 6 Iamblichus and Proclus 22 7 Old and new religions 25 8 Translations, Latin philosophy and the Latin Fathers 28 9 Augustine 29 3 Old traditions and new beginnings 34 1 Boethius and the logical curriculum at the end of antiquity 35 Study A: The problem of prescience in Boethius’s ‘Consolation’ 42 2 Monks and encyclopaedists: the Latin West from 525–780 46 Interlude i: Philosophy and a manuscript culture 48 3 The last pagan philosophers, and their Christian pupils 50 Study B: Eternity and the universe: Augustine, Boethius and Philoponus 53 4 The East, from Justinian to the Umayyads 56 5 The varieties of philosophy under the ‘Abbâsids 62 6 Alcuin and philosophy at the court of Charlemagne 70 v CONTENTS 7 John Scottus Eriugena and the ninth century 73 Study C: Gottschalk, Eriugena and his contemporaries on predestination and salvation 78 8 Commentary traditions: Byzantium and the Latin West 82 Interlude ii: Priscianus ad regem Osdroe 83 4 Traditions apart 85 1 The beginnings of medieval Jewish philosophy 85 2 The kalâm tradition 88 Interlude iii: Arabic free-thinkers? 90 3 Fârâbî 91 4 Ismailis and Neoplatonists 100 5 Avicenna 103 6 Ancient philosophy, logic and metaphysics in the eleventh-century Latin West 114 7 Anselm 119 Study D: Anselm’s ‘ontological’ argument 124 8 Psellos, Italos, and the twelfth-century Byzantine Aristotelians 129 5 Latin philosophy in the twelfth century 131 1 Logic and grammar at the turn of the twelfth century 132 2 Peter Abelard 135 Study E: Abelard on universals 139 Interlude iv: Abelard, the Philosophus and the ancient philosophers 144 Study F: Abelard and early medieval ethics 145 3 The schools, Platonism and William of Conches 148 4 Gilbert of Poitiers 152 Study G: Abelard and Gilbert on possibility 156 5 The beginnings of Latin scholastic theology 160 6 The Platonisms of the later twelfth century 161 Interlude v: Platonism and poetry 163 7 The Parisian schools of the later twelfth century 164 8 Beyond Paris: the scientists and the translators 169 9 The variety and distinctiveness of twelfth-century Latin philosophy 171 6 Philosophy in twelfth-century Islam 172 1 Islamic theology and Avicenna 172 Interlude vi: Suhrawardî – theosophist or philosopher? 177 vi CONTENTS 2 Philosophy in al-Andalus 178 3 Averroes 182 Interlude vii: Marriage in the Republic 191 4 Maimonides and Jewish Aristotelianism 192 7 Philosophy in Paris and Oxford, 1200–77 205 1 Paris and Oxford universities: the translations, the curriculum and the forms of philosophical writing 206 Interlude viii: Pseudepigrapha and the medieval Aristotle 214 2 Grammar and logic 218 3 Arts Masters and theologians: 1200–50 224 4 Theology in Paris: Bonaventure and Albert the Great 230 5 Thomas Aquinas 236 Interlude ix: Aquinas and the historiography of medieval philosophy 245 Study H: The five ways 247 Study I: Aquinas on eternity and prescience 251 6 Latin Averroism: the Paris Arts Faculty in the 1260s and 1270s 254 Study J: The eternity of the world: Bonaventure, Aquinas and Boethius of Dacia 258 Study K: The potential intellect, Aquinas, Averroes and Siger of Brabant 262 7 The 1277 condemnations and their significance 266 8 Philosophy in the universities, 1280–1400 271 1 The Albertine tradition 272 2 Henry of Ghent, Godfrey of Fontaines and Peter John Olivi 275 3 Duns Scotus 280 Interlude x: Scotus, the King of France and the Jews 287 Study L: Scotus on possibility 290 4 Between Scotus and Ockham 293 5 William of Ockham 296 Study M: Ockham and the problem of prescience 305 6 The Paris Arts Faculty and fourteenth-century Averroism 308 7 Oxford and Paris theology after Ockham 311 Interlude xi: Holcot and the philosophers 314 8 Logica modernorum 319 9 John Buridan 322 10 The late fourteenth century 325 Interlude xii: How far can you go? Biagio Pelacani di Parma 327 vii CONTENTS 9 Philosophy outside the universities, 1200–1400 329 1 Outside the universities: philosophy, courts and the vernacular in the Latin West 330 2 Byzantine philosophy 335 3 Philosophy in Islam 338 4 Jewish philosophy 339 10 Not an epilogue: ‘medieval’ philosophy, 1400–1700 349 Guide to further reading and material 353 Bibliography 385 Index 437 viii PREFACE This book is not, despite its title, a revision of the Introductions to Early and Later Medieval Philosophy I wrote twenty years ago. But it owes its origin to a request for one. Would I, asked my publishers, like to up-date my two books so that they could be issued as a single volume? I quickly realized that there was so much I wanted to change, or rather, so little I was willing to retain, that it would be much better to offer an entirely new Introduction. Routledge bravely accepted my proposal, and here now is the book. In its conception of what constitutes medieval philosophy, it could hardly be more different from the two earlier Introductions. They focussed exclusively on the Latin tradition, with Islamic and Jewish material introduced only in so far as it affected the Christian thinkers in the universities. This new book aims to introduce all four main traditions of medieval philosophy that go back to the same roots in late antiquity: the Greek Christian tradition, the Latin tradition, the Arabic tradition and the Jewish tradition (written in Arabic and in Hebrew). Chronologically, the scope may seem at first to be not so different from that of my old books, since the stopping date is 1400, only about seventy-five years later than the improbably early point where Later Medieval Philosophy finished. But, as I argue in my Introduction and in the final, brief chapter, 1400 is a completely arbitrary deadline, and the best approach to the material considered here might be to envisage a period running from c. 200 to c. 1700 – a long Middle Ages so long that it hardly remains the Middle Ages – as a unit for teaching and study. Although, then, this book covers almost all the ground that would be expected of an introduction to medieval philosophy, to me its central point lies more in what it fails, in its present state, to do.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medieval Western Philosophy: the European Emergence
    Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series I, Culture and Values, Volume 9 History of Western Philosophy by George F. McLean and Patrick J. Aspell Medieval Western Philosophy: The European Emergence By Patrick J. Aspell The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy 1 Copyright © 1999 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Gibbons Hall B-20 620 Michigan Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Aspell, Patrick, J. Medieval western philosophy: the European emergence / Patrick J. Aspell. p.cm. — (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I. Culture and values ; vol. 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophy, Medieval. I. Title. III. Series. B721.A87 1997 97-20069 320.9171’7’090495—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-56518-094-1 (pbk.) 2 Table of Contents Chronology of Events and Persons Significant in and beyond the History of Medieval Europe Preface xiii Part One: The Origins of Medieval Philosophy 1 Chapter I. Augustine: The Lover of Truth 5 Chapter II. Universals According to Boethius, Peter Abelard, and Other Dialecticians 57 Chapter III. Christian Neoplatoists: John Scotus Erigena and Anselm of Canterbury 73 Part Two: The Maturity of Medieval Philosophy Chronology 97 Chapter IV. Bonaventure: Philosopher of the Exemplar 101 Chapter V. Thomas Aquinas: Philosopher of the Existential Act 155 Part Three: Critical Reflection And Reconstruction 237 Chapter VI. John Duns Scotus: Metaphysician of Essence 243 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Antoine De Chandieu (1534-1591): One of the Fathers Of
    CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ANTOINE DE CHANDIEU (1534-1591): ONE OF THE FATHERS OF REFORMED SCHOLASTICISM? A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY THEODORE GERARD VAN RAALTE GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN MAY 2013 CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 3233 Burton SE • Grand Rapids, Michigan • 49546-4301 800388-6034 fax: 616 957-8621 [email protected] www. calvinseminary. edu. This dissertation entitled ANTOINE DE CHANDIEU (1534-1591): L'UN DES PERES DE LA SCHOLASTIQUE REFORMEE? written by THEODORE GERARD VAN RAALTE and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy has been accepted by the faculty of Calvin Theological Seminary upon the recommendation of the undersigned readers: Richard A. Muller, Ph.D. I Date ~ 4 ,,?tJ/3 Dean of Academic Programs Copyright © 2013 by Theodore G. (Ted) Van Raalte All rights reserved For Christine CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 Introduction: Historiography and Scholastic Method Introduction .............................................................................................................1 State of Research on Chandieu ...............................................................................6 Published Research on Chandieu’s Contemporary
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Writing animals, speaking animals: the displacement and placement of the animal in medieval literature. Submitted for the degree of PhD University of Edinburgh 2003 David Moses ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DEDICATION To my parents for their unwavering love, and for daring us to believe that all things are possible. To my wife Clare, and sons James and Ethan for making it all worthwhile. To my sister Caroline for believing that it does matter. To my beloved dog Flash, who is missed so much: 'In that day I will make a covenant with the beasts of the field, with the birds of the air ... I will betroth you to Me forever; Yes I will betroth you to Me in righteousness and justice, in lovingkindness and mercy' (Hosea 2. 18- 19).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Medieval Islamic Philosophy D
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY D. BLACK, CPAMP PROSEMINAR: APRIL 6, 2009 Reference works covering Islamic philosophy A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Ed. J. Gracia and T. Noone. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2003. (Includes entries on major Islamic figures known to the West.) The Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 115: Medieval Philosophers. Ed. Jeremiah Hackett. Detroit and London: Bruccoli, Clark, Layman, 1992. (Includes many of the major figures among medieval Islamic philosophers.) Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science. Ed R. Rashed and R. Morelon. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1982–. (Excellent articles on Avicenna and Farabi; best overview of the latter’s biography.) The Encyclopaedia of Islam.1 5 vols. Leipzig and Leiden, 1913–38. The Encyclopaedia of Islam.2 Leiden, 1954–. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. M. Eliade. New York: Macmillan, 1987. (Good articles on both philosophers and mutakallimūn.) The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967. (Contains some articles on Islamic philosophy.) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Edward Craig. 10 vols. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. (Has a full complement of articles on Islamic philosophy, both by figures and by areas of philosophy. Somewhat uneven.) The Stanford Online Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First round of articles on Arabic-Islamic Philosophy is now online. Indices and Bibliographies By far the best bibliographies are those of Druart and Marmura, now being regularly updated online by Druart. In researching any topic in the field, the best course of action is probably to begin with Butterworth and the Druart-Marmura articles and then check out Druart’s updates for more recent material.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Philosophy
    | 1 Course Syllabus Medieval Philosophy INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION Dr. Wm Mark Smillie, Professor, Philosophy Department 142 St Charles Hall Email: [email protected]; Ph: 447 - 5416 Office Hours Spring 2017 : MW, 3:30 - 4:30; Th, 2:30 - 4:30; Fri, 2:00 - 3:30; & by appointment. For issues about this course, students can contact me before/after class, at my office hours (posted above), by phone or email (either Carroll email or through moodle email). I will respond to email and phone inquiries within one busine ss day (Saturdays and Sundays are not business days). I will post notifications about the course in the Moodle News Forum. Students should also be aware of the Moodle Calendar that announces assignment deadlines. COURSE INFORMATION PHIL202, Medieval Phil osophy Meets: Tuesday and Thursdays, 9:30 - 10:45, 102 O’Connell; 3 credit hours Course Description This course is an introductory survey of medieval philosophical thought. We will consider some philosophical questions and issues that were central to medieval discussion, including the relationship between faith and reason, the problem of evil, our abili ty to know God’s nature and describe it in human language, the implications of believing in God as a creator, and the famous “problem of universals.” Significant medieval philosophers studied in this course include St. Augustine, Boethius, Peter Abelard, St. Anselm, Avicenna, St. Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure. An effort will be made to convey general medieval life and values and their connection to medieval philosophy, as well as to relate the thought of the middle Ages to the philosophy of other historic al periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Holcot, O-P-, on Prophecy, the Contingency of Revelation, and the Freedom of God JOSEPH M
    Robert Holcot, O-P-, on Prophecy, the Contingency of Revelation, and the Freedom of God JOSEPH M. INCANDELA In a recent work, William Courtenay refers to the issues in Holcot's writings under discussion in this essay as "theological sophismata."1 That they are. But it is the burden of this essay to suggest that they are more: Holcot's interest in these questions had a funda- mentally practical import, and such seemingly esoteric philosophical and theological speculation was in the service of a pastoral program geared to preaching the faith to unbelievers. For someone in a religious order charged with this mission, questions that may initially appear only as sophismata may actually perform quite different functions when examined in context. Robert Holcot was best known in his own time as a comment tator on the Book of Wisdom. Wey writes that this work "made its author famous overnight and his fame held throughout the next two centuries."2 Wey also proposes that it was because of the rep- utation won with the Wisdom-commentary that Holcot's Sentences- commentary and some quodlibet questions were printed four times 1. William]. Courtenay, Schools and Scholars in Fourteenth Century England (Prince- ton: Princeton University Press, 1987), p. 303. 2. Joseph C. Wey, "The Sermo Finalis of Robert Holcot," Medieval Studies 11 (1949): 219-224, at p. 219. 165 166 JOSEPH M. INCANDELA between 1497 and 1518. His thought was also deemed important enough to be discussed and compared with that of Scotus and Ockham in a work by Jacques Almain printed in 1526.
    [Show full text]
  • Plotinus and the Artistic Imagination John S
    Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU School of Architecture, Art, and Historic School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Faculty Publications Preservation 2015 Plotinus and the Artistic Imagination John S. Hendrix Roger Williams University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/saahp_fp Part of the Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Hendrix, John S., "Plotinus and the Artistic Imagination" (2015). School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Faculty Publications. Paper 31. http://docs.rwu.edu/saahp_fp/31 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Plotinus and the Artistic Imagination John Hendrix In the thought of Plotinus, the imagination is responsible for the apprehen- sion of the activity of Intellect. If creativity in the arts involves an exercise of the imagination, the image-making power that links sense perception to noet- ic thought and the nous poietikos , the poetic or creative intellect, then the arts exercise the apprehension of intellectual activity and unconscious thought. According to John Dillon in “Plotinus and the Transcendental Imag- ination,” 1 Plotinus’ conception of the imagination led to the formulation of the imagination as a basis of artistic creativity. In Plotinus, imagination operates on several different levels: it produces images in sense perception, it synthesizes images in dianoetic thought, and it produces images in correspondence with the articulation through logos of noetic thought.
    [Show full text]
  • Neoplatonism: the Last Ten Years
    The International Journal The International Journal of the of the Platonic Tradition 9 (2015) 205-220 Platonic Tradition brill.com/jpt Critical Notice ∵ Neoplatonism: The Last Ten Years The past decade or so has been an exciting time for scholarship on Neo­ platonism. I ought to know, because during my stint as the author of the “Book Notes” on Neoplatonism for the journal Phronesis, I read most of what was published in the field during this time. Having just handed the Book Notes over to George Boys­Stones, I thought it might be worthwhile to set down my overall impressions of the state of research into Neoplatonism. I cannot claim to have read all the books published on this topic in the last ten years, and I am here going to talk about certain themes and developments in the field rather than trying to list everything that has appeared. So if you are an admirer, or indeed author, of a book that goes unmentioned, please do not be affronted by this silence—it does not necessarily imply a negative judgment on my part. I hope that the survey will nonetheless be wide­ranging and comprehensive enough to be useful. I’ll start with an observation made by Richard Goulet,1 which I have been repeating to students ever since I read it. Goulet conducted a statistical analy­ sis of the philosophical literature preserved in the original Greek, and discov­ ered that almost three­quarters of it (71%) was written by Neoplatonists and commentators on Aristotle. In a sense this should come as no surprise.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission of Mystical Light from Greek Christian East to the West
    TRANSMISSION OF MYSTICAL LIGHT FROM GREEK CHRISTIAN EAST TO THE WEST Seweryn Blandzi DOI: 10.17846/CL.2021.14.1.59-64 Abstract: BLANDZI, SEWERYN. Transmission of Mystical Light from Greek Christian East to the West. Plato’s and Aristotle’s investigations based on the very concept of wisdom and the relationship between sophia and saphia lead us to the metaphysics of light, developed later in Christian thought and neoplatonism, the beginnings of which we observe in the early Greek thinkers and authors and exegesis writers of books that are the foundation of various religions. The metaphor of light permeates the entire Mediterranean philosophical and mystery reflection from Parmenides and Plato to Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. First and foremost light was the essential element in the philosophy of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite who provided Christian thought with rich presuppositions and themes. His metaphysics of light contained imagery that inspired Abbot Suger, the builder of first French gothic cathedral in Saint Denys abbacy. Suger applied the Dionysian vision and transformed mystical wisdom into the real world. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the gnostic aspect of the reflection on the light in the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius. Keywords: Parmenides, Plato, neoplatonism, metaphysics of light, Ps. Dionysius the Areopagite, abbot Suger, St. Denis monastery a)gaqo\n ga\r ei]rhtai dia\ a]gan qe/ein e)p ) au)to\ pa/nta Elias, Prolegomena philosophiae One could say that symbolism of light permeates Greek philosophy from its very beginnings. See, for instance, Parmenides’ proemium where Eleatic poet and thinker describes his upwards journey to the gates of Night and Day to see the eternally luminous brightening realm of transcendent Truth-Being expressed in Plato’s language as u(peroura/niov to/pov of ou)si/a o]ntwv ou)=sa (Plato.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renaissance
    PAR T T H R E E·:· EARLY MODERN EUROPE CHAPTER 9 The Renaissance THE TRIUMPH OF GALETEA, Raphael, 1513. This fresco from the Palazzo della Farnesina in Rome \.' exemplifies the Renaissance artist's elevation of the human form. The mythological subject is also I) i hu rna nistic in its evocation of the ancient Gree k tradition. (Bridqeman-GiraudonlArt Resource, N.Y.) r rom the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, medieval attitudes and institutions broke down, and distinctly modern cul­ F tural, economic, and political forms emerged. For many histori­ ans, the Renaissance, which originated in the city-states of Italy, marks the starting point ofthe modern era. The Renaissance was characterized by a rebirth of interest in the humanist culture and outlook of ancient Greece and Rome. Although Renaissance individuals did not repudiate Christianity, they valued worldly activities and interests to a much greater degree than did the people of the Middle Ages, whose outlook was dominated by Christian otherworldliness. Renaissance individuals were fascinated by this world and by life's possibilities; they aspired to live a rich and creative life on earth and to fulfill themselves through artistic and literary activity. Individualism was a hallmark of the Renaissance. The urban elite sought to demonstrate their unique talents, to assert their own indi­ viduality, and to gain recognition for their accomplishments. The most admired person during the Renaissance was the multitalented individual, the "universal man," who distinguished himself as a writer, artist, lin­ guist, athlete. Disdaining Christian humility, Renaissance individuals took pride in their talents and worldly accomplishments-"I can work miracles," said the great Leonardo da Vinci.
    [Show full text]
  • Jorge J. E. Gracia
    . Jorge J. E. Gracia PERSONAL INFORMATION Father: Dr. Ignacio J. L. de la C. Gracia Dubié Mother: Leonila M. Otero Muñoz Married to Norma E. Silva Casabé in 1966 Daughters: Leticia Isabel and Clarisa Raquel Grandchildren: James M. Griffin, Clarisa E. Griffin, Sofia G. Taberski, and Eva L. Taberski Office Addresses: Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo 123 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4150 Phone: (716) 645-2444; FAX (716) 645-6139 Department of Comparative Literature, University at Buffalo 631 Clemens Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4610 Phone: (716) 645-2066; FAX (716) 645-5979 Home Address: 420 Berryman Dr. Amherst, NY 14226 Phone: (716) 835-5747 EDUCATION High School Bachiller en Ciencias and Bachiller en Letras, with highest honors, St. Thomas Military Academy, La Habana, 1960 College/University B.A. in Philosophy, with honors, Wheaton College, 1965 M.A. in Philosophy, University of Chicago, 1966 M.S.L. in Philosophy, magna cum laude, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1970 Ph.D. in Medieval Philosophy, University of Toronto, 1971 Other Studies One year of graduate study and research at the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, 1969-70 One year of study at the School of Architecture, Universidad de La Habana, 1960-61 One year of study at the Escuela de Artes Plásticas de San Alejandro, La Habana, 1960-61 Doctoral Dissertation "Francesc Eiximenis's Terç del Crestià: Edition and Study of Sources," Toronto, 1971, 576 pp. Dissertation Committee: J. Gulsoy, A. Maurer, E. Synan AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION IN PHILOSOPHY Systematic:
    [Show full text]
  • Oxnard Course Outline
    Course ID: PHIL R105 Curriculum Committee Approval Date: 11/08/2017 Catalog Start Date: Fall 2018 COURSE OUTLINE OXNARD COLLEGE I. Course Identification and Justification: A. Proposed course id: PHIL R105 Banner title: Hist of Ancient/Medival Philos Full title: History of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy Previous course id: PHIL R105 Banner title: Hist of Ancient/Medival Philos Full title: History of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy B. Reason(s) course is offered: This course offers general education in the history and contemporary use of philosophical concepts found in eastern religions, e.g. those religions that have developed in Asia. The course fulfills an AA/AS graduation requirement in General Education. Academic skills in reading primary sources, critical thinking, writing and discussion can be developed in this course. The course transfers to four year schools and is articulated on CSU and IGETC lists. C. Reason(s) for current outline revision: Five-year update with minor modifications and (technical) corrections. Slight change in catalog description. D. C-ID: 1. C-ID Descriptor: PHIL 130 2. C-ID Status: Approved E. Co-listed as: Current: None Previous: II. Catalog Information: A. Units: Current: 3.00 Previous: 3.00 B. Course Hours: 1. In-Class Contact Hours: Lecture: 52.5 Activity: 0 Lab: 0 2. Total In-Class Contact Hours: 52.5 3. Total Outside-of-Class Hours: 105 4. Total Student Learning Hours: 157.5 C. Prerequisites, Corequisites, Advisories, and Limitations on Enrollment: 1. Prerequisites Current: Previous: 2. Corequisites Current: Previous: 3. Advisories: Current: Previous: 4. Limitations on Enrollment: Current: Previous: D. Catalog description: Current: This historical introduction to philosophy traces the development of Western philosophy from early Greece through the Middle Ages, with emphasis upon works of Plato and Aristotle.
    [Show full text]