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Skill Development Mission in India- a Step Towards Governance and Effectiveness

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Skill Development Mission in India- a Step Towards Governance and Effectiveness Global Journal of Enterprise Information System DOI: 10.18311/gjeis/2018/21322 Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness Satendra Kumar Yadav* Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India; [email protected] Abstract Skill development plays a significant role in contributing to the growth process of a country. It has more significance in particular to a fast growing economy like India. The demographic transition makes it imperative to generate employment opportunities for more than 12 million youths adding to working age population every year. According to the reports available, it is estimated that during the period of 2005-2012, only 2.7 million net additional jobs were created in India. Skill development is an essential requirement to develop youth and enable them to engage in useful vocations in the future. In India, the governments have been making policies and providing neces- sary support for skill development through various schemes not only by providing training and managerial skills but also the financial assistance through various channels. However, the success rate of the initiatives and pace of growth of skill development have not been that much encouraging in the past. The present government has taken this mission altogether in a different dimension by expanding the facilities and supports in a big way. This paper presents the present status of the programmes being implemented by the govern- ment of India for enthusing skill development in true spirit through various schemes. A separate body to monitor and regulate the Skill Keywords: development Mission has been constituted known as National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Demographic Transition, NSDC, Skill Development Paper Code (DOI): 21322; Originality Test Ratio: 22%; Submission Online: ; Manuscript Accepted: ; Originality Check: ; Peer Reviewers Comment: ; Double Blind Reviewers Comment: ; Author Revert: ; Camera-Ready-Copy: ; Editorial Board21-May-2018 Excerpt: . 24-May-2018 28-May-2018 30-May-2018 03-Jun-2018 At the Time of Submission (ToS) submitted paper had a 22% plagiarism which is a clue as far as originality Editorial Board07-Jun-2018 Excerpt: 10-Jun-2018 16-Jun-2018 report is concerned and falls under an accepted percentage for publication. The editorial board is of an inspection that manuscript had a subsequent surveillance by the blind reviewer’s which at a in a while stages had been rectified and amended by an author (Satendra Kumar Yadav) in a variety of phases as and when obligatory to do as a consequence. The reviewer’s had in an initial stages comment with minor revision with a following remark which at a short span restructured by an author. The comments related to references, abstract and body text is noticeable both subject-wise and research wise by the reviewers during evaluation and further at blind review process too. All the comments had been collective at a variety of dates by the authors’ in due course of time and same had been integrated by the author in addition. By and large all the editorial and reviewer’s comments had been incorporated in a paper at the end and further the paper had been earmarked and decided under “View Point” class as its things to see and underline the work in relation to skill development mission in an Indian perspectives. 1. Introduction ties have been focused as the strategy for empowering India through skilling. Skill India a flagship scheme of central government has “Education, vocational training and lifelong learning are central completed more than two years of its implementation. The scheme pillars of employability, employment of workers and sustainable aims to fasten the venture of skilling India with proper convergence, enterprise development”. infrastructure, experienced learning support and spatial justice in - International Labour Organisation terms of location of facilities for empowering India through skilling. The schemes that focus development of Skill India Mission include- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Pradhan 1.1 Structure of Skill Development in India Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKK) and UDAAN suggest some ways The skill development structure in India is very extensive and to hasten the process of exploiting the demographic advantages diverse that provides skills at different levels to heterogene- which the India is having internationally. To fasten the venture of ous population. Skill development can be broadly divided into skilling India proper convergence, infrastructure, professional and Education and Vocational Training. The exhibit below presents experienced faculty and spatial justice in terms of location of facili- the framework of Skill Development in India. *Author for correspondence Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness 3. Requirements of Skilled Workforce by 2022 According to a study conducted by the National Skill Development Corporation of India (NSDC) for the period of 2010-2014, there is an additional requirement of 109.73 million skilled workforces by 2022 across 24 key sectors8. In India, the base of knowledge economy has been increas- ing rapidly, there would be requirements for the highly skilled youths in sectors like IT/ITes, financial services, Bio-technology, Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare. Further, with the government initiatives like, ‘Make in India’ mission, the demand for highly skilled workforce will further boost. Source: World Bank. 4. Skill and Employment Figure 1. India’s Education and Skill Development Structure. Labour Bureau Report for the year 2014 while reflecting on unemployment and employment situation observed that pre- 1.2 Present Status sent size of lndia’s formally skilled workforce is just 2 per cent where as in smaller countries like Japan, and South Korea the Skill Development is one of the very ambitious and crucial skilled workforce size is 80 per cent and 96 per cent respectively. schemes of Government of India at present. At present, only According to report on 5th annual employment-unemployment 2.3 per cent work force is engaged in formal skill training pro- Survey 2015-16 carried out by Labour Bureau, more than 58% grams in India as compared to 96% in South Korea, 80% in unemployed graduates and more than 62% of unemployed post- Japan, 75% in Germany, 68% in the UK, and 52% in USA. This graduates are found for non availability of job matching skills at calls for greater amount of efforts to promote skill development national level, as the main reason for their unemployment. The schemes in the country at a very large scale. The government has deficiency of skilled workforce is due to the lack of a formal voca- another mission “make in India”, the success of this initiative also tional education framework, with variation in quality, inadequate depends, to a greater extent, on availability of skilled workforce skills training capacity, high school dropout rates and negative in the country. perception towards skill development. Above study indicates that even after various steps initiated 2. Objectives of the Study to meet the skilled workforce requirement in the country, the skilled workforce is grossly inadequate to fulfill national and The primary objective of this study is to understand and assess international demand of skilled workforce. the performance of some of the selected schemes that are imple- mented in the current model of skill development. Also, to study the implementation process of these schemes in the context of 5. Schemes and Initiatives through fundamental principles of skill development mission implemen- NSDC tation, supervision and Control. This study has been carried out in conventional manner to examine and findings of the skill 5.1 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana development program after completion of two years. PMKVY is the flagship result-based skill development scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). 2.1 Research Methodology The objective of this scheme is to enable and mobilize a large num- The study is based on the secondary data which is sourced ber of youths to take up skill training to become employable and from various websites, journals, magazines, articles and media earn their livelihood. This Scheme was launched on 15 July, 2015, reports. It is an exploratory research. Descriptive research design on the occasion of World Youth Skills Day. After pilot project for is employed which is appropriate and matches with the objectives one year, the government approved the Scheme for another 4 years of the study. (2016-2020) to skill 10 million youths of the country with a budget 92 Vol 10 | Issue 1 | January-March 2018 | www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/gjeis GJEIS | Print ISSN: 0975-153X | Online ISSN: 0975-1432 Satendra Kumar Yadav View Point outlay of Rs 12,000 crores covering 2.4 million youth. Another fea- State Governments shall undertake the training programs ture of the scheme is that it focuses class 10th and 12th dropouts. through their respective State Skill Development Missions There are two types of schemes as under. (SSDMs). Under CSSM, states will have to recruit/ depute a dedi- cated team of up-to 5 persons to oversee the implementation of • Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM): 75% of the the scheme. PMKVY (2016-2020) funds shall be available to MSDE for skilling through National Skill Development Corporation 5.1.2 Highlights of the PMKVY Skill Training (NSDC). • Skill development training would be based on recent stud- • Centrally Sponsored State Managed (CSSM): 25% of the ies conducted by the NSDC for the duration 2013-17. funds of PMKVY 2.0 shall be allocated to the States. • The target of skilling development will be associated with cen- tral Government’s programmes like, Make in India, Digital The Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM) has India, and National Solar Mission. three components as presented below: • Primary focus of skill development training is for the first time Short Term Training: The Short Term Training provided entrants to the labour market and dropouts Class 10th and 12th.
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