Skill Development Mission in India- a Step Towards Governance and Effectiveness

Global Journal of Enterprise Information System DOI: 10.18311/gjeis/2018/21322

Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness

Satendra Kumar Yadav* Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India; [email protected]

Abstract

Skill development plays a significant role in contributing to the growth process of a country. It has more significance in particular to a fast growing economy like India. The demographic transition makes it imperative to generate employment opportunities for more than 12 million youths adding to working age population every year. According to the reports available, it is estimated that during the period of 2005-2012, only 2.7 million net additional jobs were created in India. Skill development is an essential requirement to develop youth and enable them to engage in useful vocations in the future. In India, the governments have been making policies and providing neces- sary support for skill development through various schemes not only by providing training and managerial skills but also the financial assistance through various channels. However, the success rate of the initiatives and pace of growth of skill development have not been that much encouraging in the past. The present government has taken this mission altogether in a different dimension by expanding the facilities and supports in a big way. This paper presents the present status of the programmes being implemented by the government of India for enthusing skill development in true spirit through various schemes. A separate body to monitor and regulate the Skill Keywords: development Mission has been constituted known as National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Demographic Transition, NSDC, Skill Development Paper Code (DOI): 21322; Originality Test Ratio: 22%; Submission Online: ; Manuscript Accepted: ; Originality Check: ; Peer Reviewers Comment: ; Double Blind Reviewers Comment: ; Author Revert: ; Camera-Ready-Copy: ; Editorial Board21-May-2018 Excerpt: . 24-May-2018 28-May-2018 30-May-2018 03-Jun-2018 At the Time of Submission (ToS) submitted paper had a 22% plagiarism which is a clue as far as originality Editorial Board07-Jun-2018 Excerpt: 10-Jun-2018 16-Jun-2018 report is concerned and falls under an accepted percentage for publication. The editorial board is of an inspection that manuscript had a subsequent surveillance by the blind reviewer’s which at a in a while stages had been rectified and amended by an author (Satendra Kumar Yadav) in a variety of phases as and when obligatory to do as a consequence. The reviewer’s had in an initial stages comment with minor revision with a following remark which at a short span restructured by an author. The comments related to references, abstract and body text is noticeable both subject-wise and research wise by the reviewers during evaluation and further at blind review process too. All the comments had been collective at a variety of dates by the authors’ in due course of time and same had been integrated by the author in addition. By and large all the editorial and reviewer’s comments had been incorporated in a paper at the end and further the paper had been earmarked and decided under “View Point” class as its things to see and underline the work in relation to skill development mission in an Indian perspectives.

1. Introduction ties have been focused as the strategy for empowering India through skilling. Skill India a flagship scheme of central government has “Education, vocational training and lifelong learning are central completed more than two years of its implementation. The scheme pillars of employability, employment of workers and sustainable aims to fasten the venture of skilling India with proper convergence, enterprise development”. infrastructure, experienced learning support and spatial justice in - International Labour Organisation terms of location of facilities for empowering India through skilling. The schemes that focus development of Skill India Mission include- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Pradhan 1.1 Structure of Skill Development in India Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKK) and UDAAN suggest some ways The skill development structure in India is very extensive and to hasten the process of exploiting the demographic advantages diverse that provides skills at different levels to heterogene- which the India is having internationally. To fasten the venture of ous population. Skill development can be broadly divided into skilling India proper convergence, infrastructure, professional and Education and Vocational Training. The exhibit below presents experienced faculty and spatial justice in terms of location of facili- the framework of Skill Development in India.

*Author for correspondence Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness

3. Requirements of Skilled Workforce by 2022

According to a study conducted by the National Skill Development Corporation of India (NSDC) for the period of 2010-2014, there is an additional requirement of 109.73 million skilled workforces by 2022 across 24 key sectors8. In India, the base of knowledge economy has been increas- ing rapidly, there would be requirements for the highly skilled youths in sectors like IT/ITes, financial services, Bio-technology, Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare. Further, with the government initiatives like, ‘Make in India’ mission, the demand for highly skilled workforce will further boost.

Source: World Bank. 4. Skill and Employment Figure 1. India’s Education and Skill Development Structure. Labour Bureau Report for the year 2014 while reflecting on unemployment and employment situation observed that pre- 1.2 Present Status sent size of lndia’s formally skilled workforce is just 2 per cent where as in smaller countries like Japan, and South Korea the Skill Development is one of the very ambitious and crucial skilled workforce size is 80 per cent and 96 per cent respectively. schemes of Government of India at present. At present, only According to report on 5th annual employment-unemployment 2.3 per cent work force is engaged in formal skill training pro- Survey 2015-16 carried out by Labour Bureau, more than 58% grams in India as compared to 96% in South Korea, 80% in unemployed graduates and more than 62% of unemployed post- Japan, 75% in Germany, 68% in the UK, and 52% in USA. This graduates are found for non availability of job matching skills at calls for greater amount of efforts to promote skill development national level, as the main reason for their unemployment. The schemes in the country at a very large scale. The government has deficiency of skilled workforce is due to the lack of a formal voca- another mission “make in India”, the success of this initiative also tional education framework, with variation in quality, inadequate depends, to a greater extent, on availability of skilled workforce skills training capacity, high school dropout rates and negative in the country. perception towards skill development. Above study indicates that even after various steps initiated 2. Objectives of the Study to meet the skilled workforce requirement in the country, the skilled workforce is grossly inadequate to fulfill national and The primary objective of this study is to understand and assess international demand of skilled workforce. the performance of some of the selected schemes that are implemented in the current model of skill development. Also, to study the implementation process of these schemes in the context of 5. Schemes and Initiatives through fundamental principles of skill development mission implemen- NSDC tation, supervision and Control. This study has been carried out in conventional manner to examine and findings of the skill 5.1 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana development program after completion of two years. PMKVY is the flagship result-based skill development scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). 2.1 Research Methodology The objective of this scheme is to enable and mobilize a large num- The study is based on the secondary data which is sourced ber of youths to take up skill training to become employable and from various websites, journals, magazines, articles and media earn their livelihood. This Scheme was launched on 15 July, 2015, reports. It is an exploratory research. Descriptive research design on the occasion of World Youth Skills Day. After pilot project for is employed which is appropriate and matches with the objectives one year, the government approved the Scheme for another 4 years of the study. (2016-2020) to skill 10 million youths of the country with a budget

outlay of Rs 12,000 crores covering 2.4 million youth. Another fea- State Governments shall undertake the training programs ture of the scheme is that it focuses class 10th and 12th dropouts. through their respective State Skill Development Missions There are two types of schemes as under. (SSDMs). Under CSSM, states will have to recruit/ depute a dedi- cated team of up-to 5 persons to oversee the implementation of • Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM): 75% of the the scheme. PMKVY (2016-2020) funds shall be available to MSDE for skilling through National Skill Development Corporation 5.1.2 Highlights of the PMKVY Skill Training (NSDC). • Skill development training would be based on recent stud- • Centrally Sponsored State Managed (CSSM): 25% of the ies conducted by the NSDC for the duration 2013-17. funds of PMKVY 2.0 shall be allocated to the States. • The target of skilling development will be associated with central Government’s programmes like, Make in India, Digital The Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM) has India, and National Solar Mission. three components as presented below: • Primary focus of skill development training is for the first time Short Term Training: The Short Term Training provided entrants to the labour market and dropouts Class 10th and 12th. at Training Centers (TCs) of PMKVY is expected to benefit youths who are either unemployed or college/school dropouts. Apart from providing training according to the National Skills 5.1.3 Implementation Scheme Qualification Framework (NSQF), TCs shall also impart training • PMKVY would be implementing training partners of NSDC. in digital and financial literacy and soft Skills. Training duration Currently NSDC has over 2300 centers and187 training depends on job role. After successful completion of the train- partners. ing programme Training Partners (TPs) will provide placement • Training providers, affiliated with Government would also be assistance to its candidates. Government bears full fees of train- used for training under PMKVY. ing and assessment. • Training under PMKVY would include personal grooming, Recognition of Prior Learning: Candidates with prior skills soft skills, behavioral change for cleanliness and good work or learning experience shall be assessed and certified under this ethics. component of the PMKVY. To align the skills of the unregulated • Governments and skill councils would monitor skill training manpower of the nation to the NSQF is the main objective of under PMKVY. RPL. Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs), such as Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) or any other agencies designated by MSDE/ 5.1.4 Present Status NSDC, shall be incentivized to implement RPL projects. PIAs may Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) set offer Bridge Courses to RPL candidates to minimize skill gaps. up Sharada Prasad Committee to review the performance of skill Special Projects: The Special Projects are the important councils. The committee found that NSDC trained 1.8 million components of PMKVY that will facilitate trainings in premises individuals which is more than its target.1.2 million youths. They of Government bodies and/or special areas, corporate bodies and were certified by the council during phase I. PMKVY phase II was trainings in special job roles. The terms and conditions of Special launched in the following year with a target to train 10 million indi- Projects are different from Short Term Training. A propos- viduals by 2020. Out of which, 4 million individuals were certified ing agency can be institutions of State/central Government(s)/ for the RPL and 6 million got fresh training. Committee reported Autonomous entity or any other equivalent body who is inter- that the targets of the schemes were too high to attain. Committee ested in providing training to Candidates. also reported that NSDC and its partners provided skill training to around 6 lakh youths till September 1, 2017. Only 72858 trained 5.1.1 Role of State Skill Development Missions individuals were placed which is 18% of trained youths. Committee SSDM shall perform the following processes to support the observed that PMKVY focused mainly on the short-term skill implementation and monitoring of PMKVY development courses that resulted in low rate of placement. a. Training Provider Empanelment 5.2 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKK) b. Training Provider Network Management Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKK), the model skill i. Training Provider Operations Support (QA and non QA) centers will be set up in every district of the country, ensuring ii. Monitoring and Evaluation through MIS coverage of all the parliamentary constituencies. iii. Stakeholder Management

5.2.1 Salient Features of PMKK of J&K. Udaan will also focus on providing exposure to corporate sector of India towards talent pool available in J&K. The target of • State of the art infrastructure scheme was to train 40,000 youths in J&K over a period of 5 year. • PMKK specific External and Internal Branding As on 30th November, 2016- 84 leading corporate across differ- • Smart Classroom- Every PMKK is required to have at least ent sectors like Retail, IT, ITES, Manufacturing, BFSI, Auto, Real one classroom equipped with audio-visual facilities to con- Estate, Infrastructure, and Textiles etc. have committed to train 19, duct virtual trainings, interactive sessions and industry 245 youth by 31st March, 2017. 84 corporate like Titan, Schneider, seminars/webinars. TCS, Infosys, Accenture, KPMG, Indian Overseas Bank, Yes Bank, • Mandatory training in the manufacturing trades Apollo Medskills, Frost and Sullivan, Bajaj Allianz, Tata Motors, • Model course curriculum and trainers as per SSC specifica- Genpact, Cognizant etc. have so far taken part in 113 Udaan Mega tions. selection drives, selecting 24,312 candidates for training under different sectors in current year. Udaan Mega Drives act as a platform 5.2.2 Present Status where multiple corporate go together to mobilize youth of J&K • 36 Training Providers (TPs) have been shortlisted for set- for Udaan training program across the state. As on 30th November ting up of PMKK in 463 PMKKs in 443 districts (341 2016, 24,312 candidates have joined training of which 5,480 are Parliamentary constituencies) of India currently undergoing training in 18 cities across India. 17,111 can- • PMKK Phase 1: 269 districts were allocated to 24 training didates have completed training of which 9,632 candidates have providers (TP) been offered job in various sectors. To promote this scheme, there • PMKK Phase 2: 194 PMKKs in 174 districts were allocated has been rigorous marketing campaign in support of state govern- to 22 TPs (10 TPs have been selected in both Phase 1 and ment of J&K for out reaching to the renowned corporate sector Phase 2) and active involvement of local development agencies for smooth • As of February 7, 2017, 78 PMKKs have been set up and implementation of the scheme. location for setting up of PMKK has been finalized for 197 additional PMKKs 5.4 The STAR Scheme • Out of 78 PMKKs, 62 PMKKs have been inaugurated by the Hon’ble MPs Standards Training Assessment and Reward (STAR) is another • Target of 1,72,360 has been allocated under PMKVY II to 59 program that was announced in the Union Budget 2013-14 with PMKKs an aim to encourage skill development training by providing • Out of the 341 PCs allocated for setting up of PMKK, TPs monetary rewards to individuals after completion of skill devel- have been able to meet the MP’s in 254 constituencies opment training. The objectives of STAR are: • Based upon roll out plan received from the TPs, 130-140 • To improve productivity of existing manpower and align the PMKKs shall be set up by March 2017 training and certification to the market needs of country. • To provide monetary incentives to increase productivity and 5.2.3 Way Forward employability of youths. Under this scheme, an average of The whole concept is unique where quality of training has been Rs.10000 per individual will be provided as reward after com- a focal point. Further wider availability of training centers across pletion of training. the district in the form of hub is another unique feature of this • 10 lakh youths will be benefited which will cost at an approxi- mission. Each hub shall operate multiple spokes to create access mate of Rs. 1,000 Crores. to skill development training and provide localized delivery. The Hub would support the spokes in terms of quality control, This scheme will be implemented through NSDC and vari- training of trainers, training content, internal assessments, mobi- ous Training Providers, Sector Skill Councils and Assessment lization, operations and placement linkages. Agencies. STAR targets to provide skill development training to 80 percent of the entry-level workforce required in various sectors. 5.3 Udaan The STAR Scheme envisages Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) by providing an opportunity for enhancing skills and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) will implement knowledge of existing workforce. It is expected that the industry this scheme which is meant for the youths of Jammu and Kashmir. will proactively nominate their employees to undertake courses Udaan is an initiative for diploma engineers, graduates and post- aligned to the national occupational standards to increase pro- graduates youth of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The objective of the ductivity of the existing workforce. scheme is to provide training and job opportunities to the youths

Table 1. STAR scheme snapshot SSCs affiliated to STAR 20 Job Roles 287 Affiliated Training Partners Total – 1,232 Training Centres 6,402 Assessment Agencies 50 Assessors 1,566 Total Enrolments 12,18,892 Training Completed 8,05,928 Total Certified 1,29,978 Source: NSDC

5.4.1 Achievements 5.5.1 Outcome The STAR scheme was first launched on a pilot basis on 16th The Scheme involves an estimated expenditure of Rs. 499.94 August, 2013, where 390 candidates were trained under 8 Sector crore and is likely to create approximately 30,000 start-ups over Skill Councils on courses aligned to 15 different job roles (national five years resulting into creation of approximately 2, 60,000 direct occupational standards). Out of the 390 candidates who were and indirect jobs (NSDC Website). part of the pilot phase, 293 cleared the assessment. The Scheme Besides, the Scheme would witness setting up of a total of was subsequently rolled out from September 16, 2013 and cur- 360 Social Enterprises. In the process, a strong Pool of Mentors’ rently there are 12,18,892 candidates already enrolled under the and ‘Faculty Facilitators’ will be created under the Scheme. The STAR Scheme. 1,232 training organizations (NSDC affiliated scheme has full-fledged mechanism for monitoring at different partners, Government affiliated partners and other private train- levels through a Project steering Committee. ing providers) are engaged under the Scheme covering around 6,402 training centres across the country. 50 independent assess- 5.5.2 Technical Knowledge Partner ment agencies are affiliated with various Sector Skill Councils An important aspect of this scheme is availability of Technical (SSC). They conducted assessments through individual asses- Partner. The Wadhwani Foundation, a California base, not for sors. Assessment results of 4,12,354 candidates were received as profit organisation is the technical knowledge partner for imple- of 13th June, 2014, out of which 3,04,578 have cleared assessment. mentation of the scheme. The Wadhwani group will be contributing approximately 10% of 5.5 Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana (Scheme the total cost of scheme, in the form of right to access (via a link) Related To Entrepreneurship) and use the Learning Management System and entrepreneur- The Scheme aims at creating an enabling eco-system for entre- ship training content for different beneficiaries; participation preneurship promotion among youth through entrepreneurship of Institutes of Higher Learning in its annual Event; grant of education and training, advocacy, easy access to entrepreneurship access to the Faculty to an electronic version of the Handbook support network and promotion of social entrepreneurship. The for Entrepreneurship Campus Eco-system Development and scheme Pradhan Mantri Yuva Udyamita Vikas Abhiyan (YUVA) need-based advisory/training/consultancy services towards Yojana was launched by hon’ble Minister, MSDE on 09-11-2016. implementation of the Scheme. The Entrepreneurship Education Programmes under the Scheme will be rolled out in early part of the next financial year. 5.5.3 Entrepreneurship Courses The specific objectives of the scheme are as follows: In addition to the above programs, there are different types of entrepreneurship courses launched by the government for the • To Educate early stage entrepreneurs. upcoming youth entrepreneurs. Some of them are described • To connect entrepreneurs with funding and business services, hereunder; networks of peers, mentors and incubators. • Entrepreneurs will be supported through Entrepreneurship • Institutes of Higher Learning: The six levels, each of six Hubs (E-Hubs). months’ semester, map to 6 Phases in the recommended jour- • PMYY will be implemented through Public and Private ney for learning entrepreneurship which focus on Orientation, Partnership (PPP) mode. Discover, Practice, Start-up, Growth and Expansion.

The first three levels of entrepreneurial learning will be com- 6. Findings pulsory for every student enrolled. Besides, selected Institutes of Higher Learning will be encouraged to offer Courses on The following are the findings about the skill development pro- Social Entrepreneurship of 15 hours’ duration. jects being implemented for the youth in India. • Schools (10+2): The students enrolled in schools (10+2) will Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has be offered two Courses, (i) Foundation Course: Exploring trained 1.17 crore people under its program during last 2 years Entrepreneurship and (ii) Advanced Course: Getting ready (2015-17). to start a venture, each of 15 hours’ duration. • Industrial Training Institutes: the students enrolled in ITIs • More than 28 lakhs trained under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal will also be offered the same courses as at school level but Vikas Yojana. with duration of 3 months (15 hours) and 6 months (60 • Rs. 12000 crores allocated by Central Government Ministry hours) respectively. for their flagship scheme. • Entrepreneurship Development Centers: The 30 hour • 600% increase in candidates trained in 2017 compared to course will be spread over 3 months time, beside short-dura- 2014 under NSDC’s short term fee based Skill Development tion Modular Courses for specific business skills. Model. • 200 PM Kaushal Kendra have been opened to provide quality The training programs will be implemented in close co- training. ordination with the State Governments through a Network of • The plan is to provide 1 centre at each district thus 556 centres Entrepreneurship Resource and Co-ordination Hubs. This network to be established across the country. will have National Entrepreneurship Resource and Co-ordination • An amount of more than Rs.93 crore is committed under Hub (National E-Hub) where an apex body has been estab- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for skill development lished at NIESBUD, NOIDA. Further, there will be 5 Regional in 2016-17. Entrepreneurship Resource and Co-ordination Hubs (Regional • According to the reports, only 5% individuals got placed E-Hubs) at NOIDA, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Ahmedabad and Guwahati after skill development training under the Pradhan Mantri and 50 Nodal Entrepreneurship Resource and Co-ordination Hubs Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). (Nodal E-Hubs) set-up throughout the country. The Institutions for • According to official information, only eight youths have establishing 5 Regional E-Hubs have been identified. A total of 9 received certificates till now. Nodal E-Hubs will be set-up during first year of the Scheme. • The efforts made so far have been tremendous but the results and progress is not that encouraging. There is an important 5.5.4 The Entrepreneurship Hubs at Institution Level observation which says, “It’s very logical to ask training partners to give the NSDC reports on their placement record, especially The entrepreneurship education programs will be delivered those training partners, parent or subsidiaries companies of through establishing 3,050 Entrepreneurship Hubs at selected/ which are running various business activities. They can be identified existing institutions based on pre-defined criteria: asked how many candidates they themselves have employed 2200 E-Hubs in Institutes of Higher Learning; 300 in Schools; out of the total trained candidates from their own institutes,” 500 ITIs and 50 EDCs. says Colonel NB Saxena (retd), former executive technical A total of 260 Project Institutes have been enrolled under member of the Construction Skill Development Council. the Scheme so far. Besides, the process of empanelling about 140 Government ITIs, in consultation with the DGT, there are about 100 late applications under different categories, which are under 7. Recommendations process. • The Output: Input ratio of skilled workforce has increased but not to a desired level. 5.5.5 Financial Assistance to Project Institutes • The strategies of skill development and growth calls for multidi- All the Government Project Institutes and Entrepreneurship mensional approach. In this regards, one can take reference of Development Centres will be given financial assistance for a East Asian model where quality of Manpower is hard to match. maximum amount of Rs.3 lac for setting up infrastructure under • There has to extra focus towards quality manpower in the the Scheme besides annual maintenance charges in respect of manner that manufacturers are also attracted to India. the equipment. All the empanelled Project Institutes will be • We have excellent engineers, executives and management given financial assistance towards training of identified fac- people but it is a top heavy Trickle down approach which ulty facilitators under the Scheme and Honorarium for Faculty does not work effectively in the Indian concept. Facilitators. • There is a need to enhance the skill of every Indian.

8. Conclusion availability of financial assistance to take up the projects etc. The areas that need better management should be prioritized to make No doubt, skill development is ambitious program of this program result oriented. A pragmatic approach is called for. Government of India. Currently India is facing a severe shortage Right from the independence, there has been series of programs of skilled workforce. Only 2.3% workforce of India is formally implemented to promote self employment but the desired results skilled compared to 96% in South Korea, 80% in Japan, 75% in could not be achieved due to faulty implementation and thereby Germany, 68% in the UK and52% in USA. Therefore, there is a large scale misappropriations of the assistance and subsidies dire need to impart skills in more efficient way. Similarly success extended for the success of these programs. However, the pre- of many initiatives like Make-in-India depends on availability sent program has been implemented on different footings with of the requisite skilled manpower. It is the high time that Skill proper arrangements of training and infrastructure, suitability of India movement needs concerted attention to achieve desired projects and provision of required finance. Therefore, all needed goals. NSDC overshot its target by training 1.8 million people, efforts should be taken up at different levels for the success of and certified another 1.2 million. The second phase or PMKVY these programs. 2.0 was launched the following year, with a budget of Rs 12,000 crore to skill 10 million youth by 2020. Of those, 6 million were to be provided fresh training and 4 million were to be certified 9. References for the RPL programme. However, no evaluation was conducted 1. Das AK. Skill development for SMEs: Mapping of key initiative in of PMKVY 2015 (the first version of the scheme) to find out the India. Institutions and Economies. 2015; 7(2):120–43. outcomes of the scheme if this program was serving the twin 2. Deodhar SY. Make in India: Rechanting the mantra with a purposes of providing employment to youth and meeting the Difference. 2015 Feb. p. 1–21. skill needs of the industry before launching such an ambitious 3. Goyal S, Kaur P, Singh K. Role of HR and financial services in mak- scheme. ing “Make in India” campaign a success. IOSR Journal of Business Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) is envisioned to and Management (IOSR-JBM). 2015 Feb; 17(2):20–24. evolve into a hub for delivery of skill development training hav- 4. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, (FICCI ing a network of training spokes in the district. Each hub shall 2013). Sandhya Srinivasan, Skill Development Initiatives in India, operate multiple spokes to create access to skill development ISAS Special Report, No 15-11; 2013. 5. Rangarajan C. Skill development important in economic growth. training and provide localized delivery. The Hub would support Business Standard; 2014 Nov 1. the spokes in terms of quality control, training of trainers, train- 6. Knowledge paper on skill development in India, Learners First. ing content, internal assessments, mobilization, operations and FICCI and Ernst and Young; 2012 Sep. placement linkages. 7. National Skill Development Agency (Government of India). The need therefore arises to find out the reasons that are Available from: nsda.gov.in responsible for not getting better responses from the beneficiar- 8. National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Available from: ies of these programs. There may be several reasons like lack of https://www.nsdcindia.org/ interest and enthusiasm among the youth to take up entrepre- 9. Swaniti Initiative. Article on Skill Development in India–present neurial vocations, inadequate arrangements for quality training status and recent developments. at different levels, lack of innovative projects and ventures, non 10. UDAN NSDC. Available from: http://nsdcudaan.com/ 11. Annual Report of 2016-17, MSDE, Government of India.

ORIGINALITY REPORT

22% SIMILARITY INDEX

PRIMARY SOURCES

1 msde.gov.in Internet 161 words — 4%

2 www.skilldevelopment.gov.in Internet 160 words — 4%

3 www.business-standard.com Internet 148 words — 3%

4 www.kas.de Internet 116 words — 3%

5 www.logicprogroup.com Internet 98 words — 2%

6 www.drishtiias.com Internet 58 words — 1%

7 docplayer.net Internet 44 words — 1% Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness 8 www.vijayvaani.com Internet 35 words — 1%

9 skillindianmission.com Internet 33 words — 1%

10 mssds.nic.in Annexure-I Internet 29 words — 1%

Skill Development Mission in India- A step towards Governance "India: Preparation for the World of Work", Springer Nature, 2016 and Effectiveness Crossref 20 words — Crossref < 1% ORIGINALITY REPORT 11 20 words — < 1% 22% SIMILARITY INDEX 12 www.hindustantimes.com % PRIMARY SOURCES Internet 17 words — < 1

1 msde.gov.in Internet 161 words — 4% 13 www.sscnasscom.com 15 words — % 2 www.skilldevelopment.gov.in Internet < 1 Internet 160 words — 4%

3 www.business-standard.com 148 words — % Sharma, Madhulika. "Narendra Modi and the new Internet 3 14 14 words — % education policy: retrospection, reform and reality", < 1 4 www.kas.de Internet 116 words — 3% Journal of Asian Public Policy, 2016. Crossref

5 www.logicprogroup.com Internet 98 words — 2% 15 ipublishing.co.in Internet 13 words — < 1% 6 www.drishtiias.com Internet 58 words — 1%

7 docplayer.net Internet 44 words — 1%

8 www.vijayvaani.com Internet 35 words — 1% EXCLUDE QUOTES ON EXCLUDE MATCHES OFF 9 skillindianmission.com EXCLUDE BIBLIOGRAPHY ON Internet 33 words — 1%

10 mssds.nic.in Internet 29 words — 1% Source: http://www.ithenticate.com/ "India: Preparation for the World of Work", Springer Nature, 2016 Crossref 20 words — < 1% Prevent Plagiarism in Publication The Editorial Board had used the ithenticate plagiarism [http://www.ithenticate.com] tool to check the originality and further affixed the similarity index which is 22% in this case (See Annexure-I). Thus the reviewers and editors are of view to discover it suitable to publish in this Volume-10, Issue-1, January-March, 2018.

Citation: Satendra Kumar Yadav “Skill Development Mission in India- A Step towards Governance and Effectiveness”, Global Journal of Enterprise Information System. Volume-10, Issue-1, January-March, 2018. (http://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/gjeis) DOI: 10.18311/gjeis/2018/21332 Conflict of Interest: Author of a Paper had no conflict neither financially nor academically.