Architects' Auto-Monographs in Turkey, 1950S-1980S a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Social
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PRINTED ARCHITECTURES: ARCHITECTS’ AUTO-MONOGRAPHS IN TURKEY, 1950S-1980S A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY SELDA BANCI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE PROGRAM OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY MARCH 2016 APPENDIX D ApprovalApprovalApproval of of of the the the Graduate Graduate Graduate School School School of of of Social Social Social Sciences Sciences Sciences CHRONOLOGICAL CHART OF ARCHITECTS’ AUTO-MONOGRAPHS AND THEIR CONTEXT Prof.Prof.Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Meliha Meliha Meliha Altunışık Altunışık Altunışık DirectorDirectorDirector I Icertify Icertify certify that that that this this this thesis thesis thesis satisfies satisfies satisfies all all all the the the requirements requirements requirements as as as a a thesisa thesis thesis for for for the the the degree degree degree of of of Doctor Doctor Doctor of of of Philosophy.Philosophy.Philosophy. Prof. Prof. Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. T. T. T. Elvan Elvan Elvan Altan Altan Altan Head Head Head of of of Department Department Department ThisThisThis is is isto to to certify certify certify that that that we we we have have have read read read this this this thesis thesis thesis and and and that that that in in in our our our opinion opinion opinion it it itis is isfully fully fully adequate, adequate, adequate, ininin scope scope scope and and and quality, quality, quality, as as as a a thesisa thesis thesis for for for the the the degree degree degree of of of Doctor Doctor Doctor of of of Philosophy. Philosophy. Philosophy. Prof. Prof.Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. T. T. T. Elvan Elvan Elvan Altan Altan Altan Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor ExaminingExaminingExamining Committee Committee Committee Members Members Members Assoc.Assoc.Assoc. Prof. Prof. Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Namık Namık Namık Erkal Erkal Erkal (METU,(METU,(METU,AHAHAH))) Prof.Prof.Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. T. T. T. Elvan Elvan Elvan Altan Altan Altan (METU,(METU,(METU, AH AH AH))) Prof.Prof.Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Ali Ali Ali Cengizkan Cengizkan Cengizkan (TED(TED(TEDUUni.Uni.ni., ,ARCH ,ARCH ARCH))) Asst.Asst.Asst. Prof. Prof. Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Sevil Sevil Sevil Enginsoy Enginsoy Enginsoy Ekinci Ekinci Ekinci (K(K(adirKadiradirHHasHasasUUniUnini.,., ARCH., ARCH ARCH))) Asst.Asst.Asst. Prof. Prof. Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Ela Ela Ela Kaçel Kaçel Kaçel (B(B(ahçeşehirBahçeşehirahçeşehirUUniUnini.,., IAED)ARCH., ARCH ARCH))) 218 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Selda Bancı Signature : iii ABSTRACT PRINTED ARCHITECTURES: ARCHITECTS’ AUTO-MONOGRAPHS IN TURKEY, 1950S-1980S Bancı, Selda PhD. Program in Architectural History Supervisor: Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Altan March 2016, 248 pages This dissertation examines architecture in Turkey from the 1950s to the 1980s through printed mediums and focuses on the auto-monographs prepared by practising architects, one of the genres of printed mediums in architecture. These books retrospectively display architects’ complete œuvre via images and texts and provide a place for architects to structure their own architectural production and to develop an understanding of architecture itself as a practice. The monographs live longer than the buildings and their architects by housing architectural practice for many years and thus providing a basis for architectural history and theory, and for the conceptualization of architecture itself in discursive terms. In the studies carried out so far, architectural historiography has usually focused on the building or its creator architect. On the other hand, this dissertation approaches architects’ auto-monographs and hence printed architectures both as research subject and research object, and subject-matter of its historiography. In this manner, focusing on the genesis of architects’ auto-monographs in Turkey, the dissertation attempts to reveal the issues hitherto untouched or undervalued, and addressed a shift in the cultural and historical context of architecture in the country. Each of the monographs examined in this study only generates meanings in relation to the others as a node in the network of the contemporary architectural context. Therefore, this iv dissertation tries to understand the roles of the monographs in the network through the concepts of “exhibition,” “archive” and “narrative” rather than to analyze them as individual cases. The three concepts, following a chronology from the 1950s to the 1980s, provide the ground to discuss how architects displayed architectural products, structured architectural production and understood architecture through their auto-monographs in their attempts to conceptualize their architectures and (re)produce them for public recognition; hence, these three concepts produce clues for similar analyses of contemporary and future cases. Keywords: Twentieth Century Architecture in Turkey, Architecture in Printed Mediums, Architect’s Auto-monograph, History of Architectural Books. v ÖZ MATBU MİMARLIKLAR: TÜRKİYE’DE 1950’LERDEN 1980’LERE MİMAR OTO-MONOGRAFİLERİ Bancı, Selda Doktora, Mimarlık Tarihi Lisansüstü Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Altan Mart 2016, 248 sayfa Bu tez, 1950’lerden 1980’lere Türkiye’de mimarlığı matbu mecralar aracılığıyla inceler ve serbest meslek pratiği ile uğraşan mimarların hazırladığı oto-monografiler çalışmanın odağını oluşturur. Mimari alandaki matbu mecralardan biri olan bu kitaplar, mimarın ürettiği (tüm) eserleri retrospektif bir şekilde görseller ve metinler aracılığıyla sunan, mimara, kendi mimari üretimini yapılandıracağı ve mimarlık anlayışını geliştireceği bir yer sağlayan ortamlardır. Mimari pratiği barındıran ve tanıtan monografiler, binalardan ve mimarlarından daha uzun yaşarken, mimarlık tarihi ve teorisi için ve mimarlığın söylemsel açıdan kavramsallaştırmasında bir temel oluştururlar. Mimarlık tarihyazımı, bugüne dek yürütülen çalışmalarda, genellikle binayı ve onun yaratıcısı mimarı kendisine eksen olarak almıştı. Bu çalışma ise, mimar oto-monografilerini ve dolayısıyla matbu mimarlıkları, yürüttüğü araştırmanın hem nesnesi ve öznesi hem de izlediği tarihyazımı yaklaşımının konusu olarak kabul ediyor. Bu yaklaşımla, Türkiye’deki mimar oto- monografileri üzerine yoğunlaşırken tez, şimdiye dek dokunulmayan ve gözardı edilen konuları aydınlatarak ülkede mimarlığın bir döneminde deneyimlenen tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamdaki bir kaymayı gözler önüne seriyor. Bu tezde incelenen her bir monografi, çağdaş mimarlık bağlamının oluşturduğu ağdaki bir düğüm gibi diğerleriyle ilişki içinde anlamlar üretmiş ve varlık kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle, vi mimar oto-monografileri münferit vakalar olarak ele alınmamış; kitapların toplu varlıklarıyla oluşan ağdaki rolleri, “sergi”, “arşiv” ve “anlatı” kavramları aracılığıyla incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. 1950’lerden 1980’lere bir kronolojiyi takip eden bu üç kavram, mimarların oto-monografileri yoluyla mimarlıklarını kamusal tanınırlık için (yeniden) üretme ve kavramsallaştırma girişimlerinde, mimari ürünlerini nasıl sergilediklerini, mimari üretimlerini nasıl yapılandırdıklarını ve kendi mimarlıklarını nasıl anladıklarını tartışmak için zemin sağlamakta; böylece, günümüzde ve gelecekte karşılaşacağımız benzer örneklerin analizi için de ipuçları üretmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye’de Yirminci Yüzyıl Mimarlığı, Matbu Mecralarda Mimarlık, Mimar Oto-Monografisi, Mimarlık Kitapları Tarihi. vii Everything in the world exists to end up in a book. Mallarmé, 1945 viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Altan for her invaluable contribution, guidance and support throughout my graduate studies. I also want to express my deepest gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee Asst. Prof. Dr. Sevil Enginsoy Ekinci and Asst. Prof. Dr. Ela Kaçel for their insightful critiques, and the other members of the examining committee Prof. Dr. Ali Cengizkan and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Namık Erkal for their constructive comments. I present special thanks in particular to Doğan Tekeli and Cengiz Bektaş and to the architects of the books examined, to whom I owe this chance to write down this dissertation. I also want to thank interviewees who contributed to this study by sharing their ideas and memories. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Uğur Tanyeli, Prof. Dr. Suha Özkan and Hasan Özbay for their sharing of information and documents related to my study. Many thanks go to the following libraries, archives and their staff: Middle East Technical University Library, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Library, Chamber of Architects of Turkey Library and the Branches in İstanbul and İzmir, SALT Research, Ajanstürk Printing House and Şevki Vanlı Architecture Foundation. In addition to them, I would also like to thank the individuals and families who opened their collections for my research, including Leyla Baydar, Çinici Family, Emine Öğün and Cansever Family. I owe a debt of gratitude to Nermin Çakmak for her kind support and help throughout this study. I am thankful to all my professors at Middle East Technical University, colleagues and my friends in Güzey Architecture and Chamber of Architects of Turkey, particularly, Zeynep Ceylanlı, Can Eyüp Çekiç, Deniz Kaşık, Tom Madge, Mehmet Saner, Özge Şahin and Zeynep Tuna Ultav. Above all, I would like