DOCSLIB.ORG

Report Worldwide Cultural Differences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report Worldwide Cultural Differences Worldwide cultural differences in socio-ethical views in relation to biotechnology A report commissioned by the COGEM (Netherlands Commission on Genetic Modification) Dr. Henk van den Belt Prof. Dr. Jozef Keulartz April, 2007 This report was commissioned by COGEM. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors. The contents of this publication may in no way be taken to represent the views of COGEM. Dit rapport is in opdracht van de Commissie Genetische Modificatie (COGEM) samengesteld. De meningen die in het rapport worden weergegeven zijn die van de auteurs en weerspiegelen niet noodzakelijkerwijs de mening van de COGEM. 2 Contents Voorwoord/Preface …………………5 Chapter 1 Worldwide cultural differences in socio-ethical views in relation to biotechnology: Overview and summary ……………………..7 Chapter 2 Monsters, boundary work and framing: Biotechnology from an anthropological perspective …………………….27 Chapter 3 Hwang Woo Suk and the Korean stem cell debacle: Scientific fraud, techno-nationalism and the ‘Wild East’ ……………………..47 Chapter 4 East Asia and the “GM Cold War”: The international struggle over precaution, labelling and segregation ………….77 3 4 Voorwoord/Preface Het voorliggende rapport Worldwide Cultural Differences in Socio-Ethical Views in Relation to Biotechnology (Mondiale cultuurverschillen in de ethisch maatschappelijke opvattingen i.v.m. biotechnologie) is samengesteld in opdracht van de Commissie Genetische Modificatie (COGEM). Het is mede bedoeld ter voorbereiding van de nieuwe Trendanalyse Biotechnologie die in 2007 zal worden uitgebracht. De onderzoekswerkzaamheden (voornamelijk ‘desk research’) zijn verricht door dr. Henk van den Belt onder directe supervisie van Prof. dr. Jozef Keulartz. De uitvoering van het project is begeleid door een begeleidingscommissie waarin Prof. dr. Frans Brom, dr. Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner, ir. Huib de Vriend en dr. Ineke Widdershoven-Heerding zitting hadden. Voor hoofdstuk 3, dat over de Zuid-Koreaanse stamcelaffaire handelt, is commentaar ingewonnen van de kant van dr. Ingrid Schneider en dr. Phillan Joung, een Duitse onderzoekster van Koreaanse afkomst. Beiden hebben zich uitvoerig beziggehouden met de ethische aspecten van embryonaal stamcelonderzoek. Hun commentaar is in de uiteindelijke versie van het hoofdstuk verwerkt. De meningen die in het rapport worden weergegeven zijn die van de auteurs en weerspiegelen niet noodzakelijkerwijs de mening van de COGEM. The present report Worldwide Cultural Differences in Socio-Ethical Views in Relation to Biotechnology has been commissioned by the Netherlands Commission on Genetic Modification (COGEM). It is intended to help prepare the new Trend Analysis Biotechnology, which will be published in 2007. The work on this report, mainly desk research, was carried out by dr. Henk van den Belt under direct supervision of Prof. dr. Jozef Keulartz. The implementation of the research project was overseen by a supervisory committee consisting of Prof. dr. Frans Brom, dr. Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner, ir. Huib de Vriend, and dr. Ineke Widdershoven-Heerding. For chapter 3, which deals with the South Korean stem cell affair, we solicited comments from Dr. Ingrid Schneider and Dr. Phillan Joung, a German researcher of Korean descent. Both are experts on the ethical aspects of embryonic stem cell research. Their comments have been incorporated into the final version of chapter 3. The views expressed in this report are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the COGEM. 5 6 Chapter 1 Worldwide Cultural Differences in Socio-Ethical Views in Relation to Biotechnology: Overview and summary “Culture is a notoriously slippery concept.” (Jasanoff, 2005a, 22) Introduction In the original tender the aim of the research project reported here was formulated as follows: “Obtaining insight into the significance of global differences in culture for the weighing of utility and risk (proportionality) with regard to applications of biotechnology. The identification of dominant values and how they affect key choices in the process of developing and marketing biotechnological products.” The background for this research question is formed by the remarkable rise of several Asian countries in biotechnological research and the suspicion that these countries may not hold the same views as western countries on the ethical acceptability of developments in biotechnology. Europe and the US, by contrast, are held to share many norms and values, at least with regard to red biotechnology (see COGEM, 2004, p. 25-26). Where global differences in culture are the intended subject of inquiry, it thus seems that the main focus is to be on the differences between Europe and the US on the one hand and Asian countries on the other. Or as the COGEM Achtergrondstudies state: “After all, the cultural differences between Europe and the US on the one hand and Asia on the other are considerable” (ibid.). Answering the research question was far less simple than might seem at first sight. The main underlying reason is that there is strong disagreement, both within and between relevant academic disciplines, about the precise meaning of the concept of culture, the different ways in which ‘cultures’ may be distinguished, the depth and scope of cultural differences, the relative stability or instability of such differences over time and the role played by ‘culture’ as a factor in socio-economic and political affairs. For a proper understanding of the difficulties which confront any attempt to provide a satisfactory answer to our research question, we cannot ignore these varying views. Let us therefore first make a brief tour along some relevant academic disciplines. Academic contests about ‘culture’ In the second half of the twentieth century, cultural anthropology was characterised by a sustained intellectual struggle to free itself from the massive, deterministic and monolithic view of culture that had dominated the previous period. The work of the American cultural anthropologist Clifford Geertz is a case in point. When he embarked on his anthropological career, the reigning view in his profession was that ‘culture’ was so diffuse and encompassing that it could offer a readymade explanation for everything people might do, think, say or believe. It was cause and effect simultaneously. Germans were authoritarian, Japanese shame- driven and the Kwakiutl megalomaniac, and they were that way because their culture made them so. It took a lot of time and effort for Geertz to gradually detach himself from this ‘panoptical’ idea of culture. In his view, studying other peoples’ cultures involves gaining some familiarity with the frames of meaning in which they enact their lives and which are embodied in various concrete rituals and everyday practices (Geertz, 1999). In this way the 7 concept of culture can be cut down to size. Other cultural anthropologists also display this same tendency to prune the notion of culture into a more manageable size. This tendency is obviously related to the rejection of essentialistic explanations and to the honest attempt to avoid all eurocentrism and ‘Orientalism’ in contemporary cultural anthropology. Let’s turn now to the study of international relations. In this area, Samuel Huntington’s book The Clash of Civiliations and the Remaking of World Order (1996) has been epoch-making. For many social anthropologists, however, his approach offers precisely an example of how not to go about when one has to probe the significance of cultural differences. Huntington’s thesis is that in the post-Cold War world the main international conflicts will follow cultural fault lines. On the basis of a classification criterion that is not entirely transparent, he distinguishes eight different ‘civilizations’: the western, the Orthodox-Slavic, the Islamic, the Confucian, the Hindu, the Latin-American, the Japanese and the Sub-Saharan African civilization. Thus the world map is partitioned into irreconcilable, sharply demarcated and largely self-enclosed blocks of different cultures or civilizations. According to Huntington, western civilization will be increasingly challenged by the Islamic and the Confucian (‘Sinic’) civilizations. Backed by fast economic growth, East and Southeast Asian countries like South Korea, Cambodia and Vietnam will behave ever more assertively against the West and increasingly side with China because of a shared Confucian heritage which places hierarchical relations above the interests of individualism and pluralism. In Huntington’s view, faith in the universality of democracy and human rights is no more than a western illusion. Neither does he allow much room for the counter tendencies that exist within every religion and culture or properly estimate the interaction and cross-fertilization occurring between different cultures. In fact, he makes people into the prisoners of their own civilization. Critics point to the danger of a self-fulfilling prophecy that may occur when politicians make Huntington’s worldview their own and start to act according to his scenarios. Reportedly, the Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his generals have read Huntington’s book with more than normal interest. In economic history and in the comparative history of science and technology a fierce debate is also raging on the significance of the ‘culture’ factor. Here, the parameters are set by Max Weber’s classical study on the relation between the ‘Protestant ethic’ and the rise of modern capitalism in Western Europe and his
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’S Revolutionary Guard
    The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’s Revolutionary Guard SAEID GOLKAR AUGUST 2021 KASRA AARABI Contents Executive Summary 4 The Raisi Administration, the IRGC and the Creation of a New Islamic Government 6 The IRGC as the Foundation of Raisi’s Islamic Government The Clergy and the Guard: An Inseparable Bond 16 No Coup in Sight Upholding Clerical Superiority and Preserving Religious Legitimacy The Importance of Understanding the Guard 21 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to the IRGC A New Model for Understanding the IRGC’s Intra-elite Factionalism 25 The Economic Vertex The Political Vertex The Security-Intelligence Vertex Charting IRGC Commanders’ Positions on the New Model Shades of Islamism: The Ideological Spectrum in the IRGC Conclusion 32 About the Authors 33 Saeid Golkar Kasra Aarabi Endnotes 34 4 The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi Executive Summary “The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] has excelled in every field it has entered both internationally and domestically, including security, defence, service provision and construction,” declared Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi, then chief justice of Iran, in a speech to IRGC commanders on 17 March 2021.1 Four months on, Raisi, who assumes Iran’s presidency on 5 August after the country’s June 2021 election, has set his eyes on further empowering the IRGC with key ministerial and bureaucratic positions likely to be awarded to guardsmen under his new government. There is a clear reason for this ambition. Expanding the power of the IRGC serves the interests of both Raisi and his 82-year-old mentor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Rising up for Freedom
    IRAN RISING UP FOR FREEDOM 1,000 International Dignitaries, Iranians, in 30,000 locations from 102 countries join Free Iran Global Summit at Ashraf 3, Albania, online. Maryam Rajavi #FreeIran2020 Special Report Sponsored The by Alliance Public for Awareness Iranian dissidents rally for regime change in Tehran BY BEN WOLFGANG oppressive government that has ruled Iran from both political parties participating has proven it can’t deliver for its people. tHe WasHInGtOn tImes since the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Leaders represented a who’s who list of American “The Iranian people want change, to of the NCRI, which is comprised of multiple “formers,” including former Sen. Joseph I. have democracy, finally to have human Iran’s theocracy is at the weakest point other organizations, say the council has seen Lieberman of Connecticut, former Penn- rights, to finally have economic wealth, of its four-decade history and facing un- its stature grow to the point that Iranian sylvania Gov. Tom Ridge, former Attorney no more hunger. The will of the people precedented challenges from a courageous officials can no longer deny its influence. General Michael Mukasey, retired Marine is much stronger than any oppressive citizenry hungry for freedom, Iranian dis- The NCRI has many American support- Commandant James T. Conway and others. measure of an Iranian regime,” said Martin sidents and prominent U.S. and European ers, including some with close relationships Several current U.S. officials also delivered Patzelt, a member of German Parliament. politicians said Friday at a major interna- to Mr. Trump, such as former New York remarks, including Sen.
    [Show full text]
  • National Subway Train Developed Despite Sanctions
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13904 Sunday MARCH 14, 2021 Esfand 24, 1399 Rajab 30, 1442 Persons with military Skocic protests AFC over Free medical services “The Sand Wolf” background can stand choosing Bahrain as for people aged hunts Iran’s Flying as candidates Page 2 Group C host Page 3 over 65 Page 7 Turtle Page 8 Iranian heavy crude oil price rises 11.5% in February: OPEC TEHRAN- Iranian heavy oil price increased in the previous year’s same period. $6.28 in February to register an 11.5-per- The report put Iranian crude output for Illogical presence cent rise compared to the previous month, February at 2.12 million barrels per day according to OPEC’s latest monthly report. indicating a 35,000-bpd increase compared See page 3 Iran sold its heavy crude oil at $60.66 to the figure for the previous month. U.S. faces trouble justifying presence in Iraq per barrel in the mentioned month, com- Based on OPEC data, the country’s av- pared to January’s $54.38 per barrel, IRIB erage crude output in the fourth quarter reported. of 2020 stood at 1.993 million barrels According to the report, the country’s per day indicating a near 45,000-bpd average heavy crude price was $57.52 from rise compared to the figure for the third the beginning of 2021 up to the report’s quarter of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • 13881 Saturday FEBRUARY 13, 2021 Bahman 25, 1399 Rajab 1, 1442
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13881 Saturday FEBRUARY 13, 2021 Bahman 25, 1399 Rajab 1, 1442 Ghalibaf: Iran’s strategic Ali Moradi Iran sits at UN TIR Even ‘illegal migrants’ principle is to develop nominated for executive board for 3rd in Iran will get ties with China Page 2 IWF presidency Page 3 consecutive time Page 4 COVID-19 vaccine Page 7 Iran’s top judge holds talks with Iraqi leaders SPECIAL ISSUE TEHRAN - Iran’s Judiciary Chief Ebra- him Raeisi held talks with several Iraqi political and judicial leaders including President Barham Salih, Prime Min- ister Mustafa al-Kadhimi, and Head of Iraq’s Supreme Judicial Council Faiq Zaidan. The man of On Monday, February 8, Ayatollah Raisi paid a two-day visit to Iraq. During his meeting with his Iraqi counterpart, the two sides signed three memoranda of understanding to boost judicial and legal cooperation between the two neighboring countries. theoretical Continued on page 3 Bandar Abbas-Latakia direct shipping line to be launched by early Mar. battlefields TEHRAN - Iran is going to establish a direct shipping line between its south- ern port of Bandar Abbas and Syria’s Mediterranean port of Latakia on March In memory of Ayatollah 10, Head of Iran-Syria Joint Chamber of Commerce Keyvan Kashefi announced. Mohammad Taghi Continued on page 4 Mesbah Yazdi, the Iranian “Yadoo” tops at 39th renowned theorist and Fajr Film Fsetival philosopher TEHRAN – War drama “Yadoo” was the top winner of the 39th Fajr Film Festival by garnering awards in several categories, including best film and best director.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran: a Revolutionary Republic in Transition
    Iran: a revolutionary republic in transition in republic a revolutionary Iran: This Chaillot Paper examines recent domestic developments in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The volume presents an in-depth assessment of the far- reaching changes that the Iranian state and Iranian society have undergone since the 1979 revolution, with a particular focus on the social and political turmoil of the past five years. IRAN: It is clear that in many ways the Islamic Republic is in the throes of a transition A REVOLUTIONARY REPUBLIC where many of its fundamental tenets are being called into question. Profound and ongoing internal transformations in Iranian society already affect the country’s foreign policy posture, as some of its domestic and external issues IN TRANSITION converge and will most likely continue to do so. Pertinent examples are the nuclear issue and the socio-political upheaval in neighbouring Arab countries. Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi, the volume features contributions from five authors who are all specialists in various aspects of Iranian politics and society. Each Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi by RouzbehEdited Parsi Chaillot Papers | February 2012 author explores some of the most crucial variables of the Iranian body politic. Their focus on distinct dimensions of Iranian society and culture casts light on the changes afoot in contemporary Iran and how the political elite controlling the state respond to these challenges. ISBN 978-92-9198-198-4 published by phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 ISSN 1017-7566 the European Union fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 QN-AA-12-128-EN-C Institute for Security Studies e-mail: [email protected] doi:10.2815/27423 100, avenue de Suffren www.iss.europa.eu PAPER CHAILLOT 75015 Paris - France 128 128 CHAILLOT PAPERS BOOKS In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) became an 127 120 2010 QUELLE DÉFENSE EUROPÉENNE autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Reform Versus Radicalism in the Islamic Republic
    Reform Versus Radicalism in the Islamic Republic By David Menashri he 1979 islamic revolution marked a major turning point in modern Iran’s history that has had far-reaching consequences both within the country and beyond. The aim of the revolution was not sim- ply to replace the Shah’s monarchical government with a new, repub- lican system, but to radically restructure the Iranian state and society Tthrough the implementation of a new Islamic doctrine. To many Iranians, as well as scores of others throughout the Middle East and elsewhere, the Islamic revolution embodied a promise—and an expectation—of a brighter future with greater pros- perity and more liberty. In the three decades since the revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran has demon- strated an impressive measure of political resilience and continuity. However, the popular hopes and expectations of the revolutionary era have remained, thus far, largely unsatisfied. Nowadays, the Iranian regime is struggling to find viable ways to cope with a seemingly ever-expanding array of governance challenges—from in- tensifying power struggles between competing factions within the country’s ruling elites to crippling social and economic malaise, a hostile regional security environment, and rising popular discontent at home. Needless to say, many of these challenges are products of the Islamic regime’s own making. In response to these challenges, Iranian politics in the contemporary era have tended to swing between two poles—reform and radicalism. These are best illustrated by the distinctive visions of the Iranian polity’s two main camps, which are perhaps best expressed by their most visible leaders—namely, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, 56 ■ CURRENT TRENDS IN ISLAMIST IDEOLOGY / VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercial Risks
    Barak Seener Barak Commercial Risks | The Trump Administration’s withdrawal on May 8, 2018, from the uncertainty accompanying the fate of Market the Iranian Entering Risks Commercial Entering the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) will cost the Iranian economy a heavy price. It has the Iranian Market created wariness on the part of foreign investors, especially European investors, and prevented the Iranian market from significantly reaping the fruits of the deal. Prior to the withdrawal from the JCPOA, there were numerous preparations by foreign businesses and investors to enter the Iranian market, but only a marginal number of deals and investments materialized. Following the American withdrawal, major European companies began to move their business away from Iran and cut their trade with it. Even though the European Union is determined to stick to the deal, it will be very difficult for the EU to convince companies to prefer the Iranian market over the American market, once secondary sanctions are resumed. Russian and Chinese companies may try to fill the gap but may encounter difficulties. Why Sanctions Make Investment Although India has declared that it will abide only in the Islamic Republic of Iran by UN sanctions, it appears that Indian companies will hesitate to ignore the American threat. a High‑Risk Proposition Barak Seener Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Commercial Risks Entering the Iranian Market Why sanctions make investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran a high-risk proposition Barak Seener Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Read this publication online: http://jcpa.org/commercial-risks-entering-the-iranian-market/ © 2018 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai St., Jerusalem, 9210717 Israel Email: [email protected] Tel: 972-2-561-9281 | Fax: 972-2-561-9112 Jerusalem Center Websites: www.jcpa.org (English) | www.jcpa.org.il (Hebrew) www.jcpa-lecape.org (French) | www.jer-zentrum.org (German) www.dailyalert.org The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs is a non-partisan, not-for-profit organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Iran
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Understanding Iran Jerrold D. Green, Frederic Wehrey, Charles Wolf, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Censorship of Wikipedia
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Center for Global Communication Studies Iran Media Program (CGCS) 11-2013 Citation Filtered: Iran’s Censorship of Wikipedia Nima Nazeri Collin Anderson Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/iranmediaprogram Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Nazeri, Nima and Anderson, Collin. (2013). Citation Filtered: Iran’s Censorship of Wikipedia. Iran Media Program. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/iranmediaprogram/10 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/iranmediaprogram/10 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Citation Filtered: Iran’s Censorship of Wikipedia Abstract Using proxy servers in Iran, researchers Collin Anderson and Nima Nazeri identified every blocked Persian language Wikipedia article and divided blocked pages into ten categories to determine the type of content state censors are most adverse. In total, 963 blocked articles were found, covering a range of socio- political and sexual content including politics, journalism, the arts, religion, sex, sexuality, and human rights. Censors repeatedly targeted Wikipedia pages about government rivals, minority religious beliefs, and criticisms of the state, officials, and the police. Just under half of the blocked Wiki-pages are biographies, including pages about individuals the authorities have allegedly detained or killed. Based on prior research, it is known that Iran’s Internet filtration relies on blacklists of specifically designated URLs and URL keywords. Keyword filtration blindly blocks pages that contain prohibited character patterns in the URL. Sexual content is the main target of keywords, for example most keywords are sexual and/or profane terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran: a Revolutionary Republic in Transition
    Iran: a revolutionary republic in transition in republic a revolutionary Iran: This Chaillot Paper examines recent domestic developments in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The volume presents an in-depth assessment of the far- reaching changes that the Iranian state and Iranian society have undergone since the 1979 revolution, with a particular focus on the social and political turmoil of the past five years. IRAN: It is clear that in many ways the Islamic Republic is in the throes of a transition A REVOLUTIONARY REPUBLIC where many of its fundamental tenets are being called into question. Profound and ongoing internal transformations in Iranian society already affect the country’s foreign policy posture, as some of its domestic and external issues IN TRANSITION converge and will most likely continue to do so. Pertinent examples are the nuclear issue and the socio-political upheaval in neighbouring Arab countries. Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi, the volume features contributions from five authors who are all specialists in various aspects of Iranian politics and society. Each Edited by Rouzbeh Parsi by RouzbehEdited Parsi Chaillot Papers | February 2012 author explores some of the most crucial variables of the Iranian body politic. Their focus on distinct dimensions of Iranian society and culture casts light on the changes afoot in contemporary Iran and how the political elite controlling the state respond to these challenges. ISBN 978-92-9198-198-4 published by phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 ISSN 1017-7566 the European Union fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 QN-AA-12-128-EN-C Institute for Security Studies e-mail: [email protected] doi:10.2815/27423 100, avenue de Suffren www.iss.europa.eu PAPER CHAILLOT 75015 Paris - France 128 128 CHAILLOT PAPERS BOOKS In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) became an 127 120 2010 QUELLE DÉFENSE EUROPÉENNE autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda Techniques: a Discourse Analysis of Resalat and Etemad-E Melli Editorials
    PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RESALAT AND ETEMAD-E MELLI EDITORIALS SEYEDALI JAVADI THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2017 UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: SEYEDALI JAVADI (I.C / Passport No: U25223105) Registration / Matric No: AHA090043 Name of Degree: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Title of Project Paper / Research Report / Dissertation / Thesis (“this Work”): “PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RESALAT AND ETEMAD-E MELLI EDITORIALS” Field of Study: NEWSPAPER MEDIA I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author / writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM.
    [Show full text]
  • Monsoon 2012
    AIR POWER Air Power and Space Studies Vol. 7 No. 3, Monsoon 2012 (July-September) AIR POWER CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES New Delhi AIR POWER is published quarterly by the Forum for National Security Studies for the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi. Board of Trustees Shri M.K. Rasgotra, former Foreign Secretary and former High Commissioner to the UK Chairman Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra, PVSM, former Chief of the Air Staff and former Governor Maharashtra and Rajasthan Air Chief Marshal S.P. Tyagi, PVSM AVSM VM, former Chief of the Air Staff Secretary (Defence Finance) Ministry of Defence 139 South Block New Delhi. (Ex Officio) Dr. Sanjaya Baru, former Media Advisor to the Prime Minister Captain Ajay Singh,Vice President, Jet Lite Airways, FID, DGCA, former Deputy Director Air Defence, Air HQ Air Commodore Jasjit Singh, former Director IDSA Managing Trustee AIR POWER Journal welcomes research articles on defence, military affairs and strategy (especially air power and space issues) of contemporary and historical interest. Articles in the Journal reflect the views and conclu- sions of the authors and not necessarily the opinions or policy of the Centre or any other institution. Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore Jasjit Singh AVSM VrC VM (Retd) Associate Editor Ms Anuja Thakar Distributor KW Publishers Pvt. Ltd. All correspondence may be addressed to Assistant Editor AIR POWER Arjan Path, Subroto Park, New Delhi 110 010 Telephone: (91.11) 25699131-32 Fax: (91.11) 25682533 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.aerospaceindia.org © Forum for National Security Studies All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]