DOCSLIB.ORG

GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring: Tempat Pendidikan Agama Pada Masa Bali Kuno

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring: Tempat Pendidikan Agama Pada Masa Bali Kuno GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring: Tempat Pendidikan Agama pada Masa Bali Kuno Kadek Dedy Prawirajaya R1; Heri Purwanto2; Coleta Palupi Titasari1 1Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana Jl. Pulau Nias No. 13, Denpasar 2S2 Brahma Widya, Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar Jl. Kenyeri No. 57, Denpasar Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Naskah diterima: 08-09-2019; direvisi: 05-06-2020; disetujui: 27-08-2020 Abstrak Kajian terhadap bangunan suci yang berfungsi sebagai tempat pendidikan agama masa lalu yang sering disebut dengan mandala kadewaguruan jarang disentuh oleh peneliti. Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring sebagai salah satu bangunan suci keagamaan masa lalu telah memberikan petunjuk bahwa kemungkinan tempat ini difungsikan juga sebagai ruang belajar-mengajar. Untuk itu studi ini ingin menelusuri bukti-bukti yang memperkuat dugaan tersebut dan ingin menjelaskan kehidupan masyarakat pendukungnya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung ke lapangan (observasi) dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yaitu mengunakan analisis kualitatif, kontekstual, dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring merupakan sebuah bangunan suci yang berstatus sebagai mandala kadewaguruan. Hal ini buktikan dengan beberapa variabel yakni tempat yang luas, ditemukan berbagai tinggalan arkeologi keagamaan, ditemukan gerabah, dan diberitakan dalam prasasti. Kehidupan yang dilakukan oleh kaum ṛṣidan pertapa menunjukkan aktivitas yang kompleks yakni memenuhi kebutuhan sosial yang berkenaan dengan kegiatan estafet pendidikan agama, memenuhi kebutuhan religius yang senantiasa mengadakan berbagai upacara keagamaan, dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang berkaitan dengan makanan dan minuman. Kata kunci: gunung kawi, kaum ṛṣi, mandala kadewagruan. Abstract The study of sacred buildings that served as religious education sites in the past or often called as the rarely carried out by researchers. Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring as one of the sacred religious buildings in the past has given hints of the possibility of this place used as learning and teaching space. For this reason, this study aims to find out the evidences that reinforce the assumption and to explain the life of the supporting community. Data was collected through observations and literature reviews. The data was analyzed by using qualitative, contextual and comparative analysis. The results of this study show that Gunung Kawi Temple is a sacred building with a Mandala Kadewaguruan status. It is proven by evidences such as, i.e. its wide place, variety of religious remains findings, ceramics findings, and inscription reports. The life of the rṣi dan hermits showed complex activities meeting social needs related to learning and teaching,fulfilling religious needs by conducting various ceremonies as well as fulfilling the needs life related to foods and drinks. Keywords: gunung kawi, ṛṣi, mandala kadewaguruan. Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring: Religious Education Site During Ancient Bali 101 Kadek Dedy Prawira Jaya; Heri Purwanto; dan Coleta Palupi Titasari INTRODUCTION Gunung Kawi Temple (Munandar 2012, 33-34). Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring sacred Another opinion regarding the name of Gunung building was built on the Pakerisan riverside. Kawi is based on the reading of Tengkulak Administratively, it is located in Banjar Penaka, A which is King Marakata who ruled in Bali Tampaksiring Village, Tampaksiring District, from 994-948 AD. The most important content Gianyar Regency, Bali. Based on astronomical mentioned that Amarawati dormitory, located location, Gunung Kawi Temple is located at the on the banks of Pakerisan River. Then Goris(in coordinates of 8°25’22.65” South Latitude and Bagus and Prihatmoko 2016, 106)associated 115°18’45.93” East Longitude. The Pakerisan the term “sanghyang katyāgan ing pakrisan River watershed is a fairly wide area stretching mangaran ring amarāwatī” in Tengkulak A from north to south, which is located in narrow Inscription as Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring gaps flanked by steep cliffs with rough sandy Temple Complex. Both assumptions actually rock compositions. The Pakerisan River springs refer to the same meaning as the holy place for are obtained from the infiltration of Lake the ṛṣi and hermits. Batur and also get extra air from the springs at Studies of Gunung Kawi Temple Tirtha Empul Temple and Mangening Temple. Tampaksiring have been carried out some Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring is surrounded by experts within the countries abroad and from agricultural areas in the form of rice fields. various scientific fields. Unfortunately until Gunung Kawi which is used as the now there are not many researches that talk name of the holy location is very likely to be about its position as a religious education sites an archaic name. In East Java in the south of in the past which is often called asmandala Malang there is also a mountain which is a kadewaguruan. The research of Gunung Kawi famous destination for pilgrimage named Temple, Tampaksiring as religious education Gunung Kawi. It can be interpreted that in the site was conducted by Sunjana(2016, 68), who mountain once lived kawi (hermits), the authors stated that Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring of literary works. This is in line with the fact was a mandala kadewaguruan complex. The that Gunung Kawi Temple, Tampaksiring is conclusion was taken only based on the several also equipped with building niches which were descriptions , not from the other evidences. very likely to be used by the ṛṣi and hermits. Besides that, it did not explain about living Hermitage buildings are similar to the ones in activities of the community in Gunung Kawi Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring also has Temple Tampaksiring. The focus of the been found in archeological sites in Ratu Baka, research was indeed more on the implications Central Java and artificial caves in Tulungagung, of the spatial patterns in Gunung Kawi Temple East Java. towards the interaction and social hierarchy of It is very possible that the name of people in the past. Gunung Kawi was based on the number In addition, Laksmi (2017, 200) of ṛṣi and hermits which is acted as Kawi indirectly gave a statement that katyagan ring who composed literary works in the form of amarawatiwas Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring kakawin or gancaran. It is possible number of complex which might function as a place for Old Javanese literary works that have survived religious education, but this statement was until now days have been rewritten by the not followed by further explanation. Wahyuni hermits who lived in seclusion of Gunung Kawi (2015, 111) also suggests that the hermitage Tampaksiring complex. Since many Kawi used at Gunung Kawi Temple, Tampaksiring, may to live in who used to live in Gunung Kawi have been used for teaching and learning, and Tampaksiring complex, this holy place was has not explained in detail the life of education called “Gunung Kawi”, and now it is called as there, and the evidence on which to state this 102 Forum Arkeologi Volume 33, Nomor 2, Oktober 2020 (101 - 120) assumption has not been put forward. This result the central region or can be identified as a was also found in the research which is carried suburb. This was most likely a place for the ṛṣi out by Bagus and Prihatmoko (2016, 110-113) activities which were usually independent from which only explained the patterns of adaptation the central bureaucratic structure. to the environment occurred in Gunung Kawi During Majapahit period there was indeed Temple Tampaksiring. The existence of ṛṣi and quite a lot of information regarding the existence hermits who actually had an important role in of the mandala Kadewaguruan. During the era, the construction of the temple. Gunung Kawi, there were 4 mandala kadewaguruan which Tampaksiring is not explained. Considering were considered important namely mula- the results of these researches, it seems that the sagara, kukub, sukayajna, and kasini. The study of Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring four mandalas called caturbhasma mandalas as a past religious education site has not been are privileged, perhaps one of the reasons is entirely completed, so further research is because of the symbolic classification system needed to get a more complete explanation. based on 4 categories in ancient Javanese The sacred buildings with mandala society, which is conceptualized as 4 cardinal kadewaguruanstatus are often found in points. If the 4 mandalas are placed in the four archeological sites in Java. For example, in cardinal directions, then the sagara occupies the the middle of Java, there are Cetho, Sukuh and east, the kukub occupies the south, sukayajna Planggatan Temples. These sites are located occupies the north, and the kasini occupies the on the West Slope of Mount Lawu which west (Santiko 2005, 114-115). is administratively belongs to Karanganyar In general mandala kadewaguruan was a Regency. Based on Purwanto’s research sacred building inhabited by a large number of ṛṣi (Purwanto 2017, 92-95), these three sites are in and hermits. The clerics intentionally withdrew conformity with the requirements of mandala themselves to a quiet place with the aim to get kadewaguruantype of sacred buildings. The closer to the Almighty God. In addition, in requirements such as being in a quiet place Hinduism there are Caturasrama which are four (mountain slopes, hills, rivers), there are lingga stages or stages
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indonesia Insights
    Indonesia Insights CELESTIAL VOYAGERS, Inc 27-28 Thomson Ave., Suite WS 11, Long Island City, NY 11101 Tel: +1 212-203-1021 www.celestialvoyagers.com May 27 - June 10, 2020 Indonesia Insights: Java, Bali, & Lombok DAY 1&2 WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY MAY 27, 28 DEPARTURE & TRAVEL TIME Trip price $3250- per person Departure from JFK. SQ#25 leaves JFK AT 8:55 PM from terminal 4. Single room supplement + $520. - DAY 3 FRIDAY MAY 29 JAKARTA, JAVA (D) Arrival Singapore at 6:50 AM. Connection with SQ # 952 lv. at 7:40 AM, arr. Jakarta 8:25 AM. Assistance,guided city tour, check-in at hotel for 1 night. Dinner at Padang Restaurant. DAY 4 SATURDAY MAY 30 YOGYAKARTA TEMBI JAVA(B, L, D) This price includes: Morning flight to Yogyakarta. On arrival drive to Domah Yogya Hotel in the village of Tembi. Check-in for 4 nights. Rest ● International flights from JFK with Singapore Airlines after lunch. Signature Rijsttafel Dinner with traditional music. ● Domestic flights within Indonesia DAY 5 SUNDAY MAY 31 YOGYAKARTA / TEMBI, JAVA (B, D) ● 11 nights hotel accommodation with double occupancy Full day guided tour: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Palace of Yogyakarta, Tamansari Watercastle. Lunch at ● Buffet breakfast daily Sentra Gudeg Wijilan (not included); Malioboro street to explore stalls and shops. Return for dinner at Domah Yogya. ● 3 Lunches and 8 dinners as per itinerary DAY 6 MONDAY JUNE 1 PRAMBANAN / TEMBI. JAVA (B, D) ● All sightseeing and entrance fees as per itinerary Morning guided tour: Prambanan Temple and Candi Rato Boko ruins. Return to Domah Yogya for lunch (not included).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Jungles of Sumatra and the Beaches of Bali to the Surf Breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, Discover the Best of Indonesia
    INDONESIAThe Insiders' Guide From the jungles of Sumatra and the beaches of Bali to the surf breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, discover the best of Indonesia. Welcome! Whether you’re searching for secluded surf breaks, mountainous terrain and rainforest hikes, or looking for a cultural surprise, you’ve come to the right place. Indonesia has more than 18,000 islands to discover, more than 250 religions (only six of which are recognised), thousands of adventure activities, as well as fantastic food. Skip the luxury, packaged tours and make your own way around Indonesia with our Insider’s tips. & Overview Contents MALAYSIA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI Kalimantan Sumatra & SUMATRA WEST PAPUA Jakarta Komodo JAVA Bali Lombok Flores EAST TIMOR West Papua West Contents Overview 2 West Papua 23 10 Unique Experiences A Nomad's Story 27 in Indonesia 3 Central Indonesia Where to Stay 5 Java and Central Indonesia 31 Getting Around 7 Java 32 & Java Indonesian Food 9 Bali 34 Cultural Etiquette 1 1 Nusa & Gili Islands 36 Sustainable Travel 13 Lombok 38 Safety and Scams 15 Sulawesi 40 Visa and Vaccinations 17 Flores and Komodo 42 Insurance Tips Sumatra and Kalimantan 18 Essential Insurance Tips 44 Sumatra 19 Our Contributors & Other Guides 47 Kalimantan 21 Need an Insurance Quote? 48 Cover image: Stocksy/Marko Milovanović Stocksy/Marko image: Cover 2 Take a jungle trek in 10 Unique Experiences Gunung Leuser National in Indonesia Park, Sumatra Go to page 20 iStock/rosieyoung27 iStock/South_agency & Overview Contents Kalimantan Sumatra & Hike to the top of Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubud: from the Origins to 19201
    Ubud: From The Origins to 19201 Jean Couteau* Abstract Today’s historis often tries to weave together unquestionable facts with a narrative that consciously gives room to past myths and legends. The following article about the famous “cultural” resort of Ubud freely applies this approach to history. Myths and legends about the origin of Ubud combine with unquestionable historical facts to convey, beyond the Ubud’s raw history proper, the prevailing athmosphere of Ubud’s pre-modern past. Thus the mythical seer Resi Merkandaya is made to appear alongside the story of the kembar buncing (fraternal, non-identical twins) of the House of Ubud, and the history of Western presence and intervention. Keywords: prince of Ubud, knowledge of tradition, modernizing Bali Ubud: In the Legendary Haze of History o those who truly know Ubud, that is, Ubud such as it was, Twhen its life was still governed, through rites, by the har- monious encounter of Man and Nature, Campuhan is a magical spot, which marks Ubud as a place bestowed by the favors of the * Dr. Jean Couteau is a French writer living in Bali who publishes extensively on a large variety of topics in French, English and Indonesian. He is mainly known in Indonesia for his essays and his writings on the arts. He is the senior editor of the international art magazine C-Arts and a lecturer at the Indonesian Art Institute (Institut Seni Indonesia/ ISI) in Denpasar. 1 This text rests on three main sources of information: Hilbery Rosemary, Reminiscences of a Balinese Prince, Tjokorde Gde Agung Sukawati, SE Asia Paper No 14, SE Asian Studies, University of Hawai, 1979; an interview of Cokorde Niang Isteri, the wife of Cokorde Agung Sukawati; and in-depth interviews of Cokorde Atun, Cokorde Agung Sukawati’s daughter.
    [Show full text]
  • Bělahan and the Division of Airlangga's Realm
    ROY E. JORDAAN Bělahan and the division of Airlangga’s realm Introduction While investigating the role of the Śailendra dynasty in early eastern Javanese history, I became interested in exploring what relationship King Airlangga had to this famous dynasty. The present excursion to the royal bathing pla- ce at Bělahan is an art-historical supplement to my inquiries, the findings of which have been published elsewhere (Jordaan 2006a). As this is a visit to a little-known archaeological site, I will first provide some background on the historical connection, and the significance of Bělahan for ongoing research on the Śailendras. The central figure in this historical reconstruction is Airlangga (991-circa 1052 CE), the ruler who managed to unite eastern Java after its disintegration into several petty kingdoms following the death of King Dharmawangśa Těguh and the nobility during the destruction of the eastern Javanese capital in 1006 (Krom 1913). From 1021 to 1037, the name of princess Śrī Sanggrāmawijaya Dharmaprasādottunggadewī (henceforth Sanggrāmawijaya) appears in sev- eral of Airlangga’s edicts as the person holding the prominent position of rakryān mahāmantri i hino (‘First Minister’), second only to the king. Based on the findings of the first part of my research, I maintain that Sanggrāmawijaya was the daughter of the similarly named Śailendra king, Śrī Sanggrāma- wijayottunggavarman, who was the ruler of the kingdom of Śrīvijaya at the time. It seems plausible that the Śailendra princess was given in marriage to Airlangga to cement a political entente between the Śailendras and the Javanese. This conclusion supports an early theory of C.C.
    [Show full text]
  • I Ketut Ardhana Michael Kuhn Diane Butler • • • Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro Slamat Trisila EDITORS
    EDITORS I Ketut Ardhana • Yekti Maunati Michael Kuhn • Nestor T. Castro Diane Butler • Slamat Trisila Center of Bali Studies-Udayana University (UNUD) in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO) Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SOUTHEAST ASIAN THINKSHOP: THE QUESTION OF WORLD CULTURE EDITORS Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro I Ketut Ardhana • Slamat Trisila Michael Kuhn • Diane Butler • Center of Bali Studies-Udayana University (UNUD) in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO), Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SOUTHEAST ASIAN THINKSHOP: THE QUESTION OF WORLD CULTURE EDITORS I Ketut Ardhana Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro Michael Kuhn Diane Butler Slamat Trisila Publisher Center of Bali Studies Udayana University PB Sudirman Street, Denpasar Bali, Indonesia in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO), Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University First Edition: 2016 ISBN xxx-xxx-xxxx-xx-x ii TABLE OF CONTENT Preface from Organizing Committee ~ ix Foreword from World Social Science and Humanities ~ xi Foreword from the President of IFSSO ~ xiii Welcome
    [Show full text]
  • Bedulu Village
    BEDULU VILLAGE Mitos dan Legenda BAB I PENDAHULUAN Bali sebagai daerah tujuan wisata utama memiliki banyak obyek wisata. Budaya, alam dan atraksi wisata yang disuguhkan dengan cipta, rasa karsa . Melihat secara phisik kita akan segera tahu; mendengar cerita dibalik obyek kita mengerti. Mendapatkan service dan hospitality kita senang dan berkesan. Ibarat orang nonton Wayang kulit, sekali sekali indah juga nonton yang ada dibalik layar . Pada umumnya obyek wisata di Bali baik berupa act maupun artefact terkait dengan sejarah masa lalu. Sebelum masuknya agama hindu ke Bali, keadaan Bali masih kosong dalam artian Spiritualitas. Orang Bali Mula ( Bali Asli) masih menganut sistem kepercayaan animisme, menyembah roh .Banyak diketemukan Tugu batu, Punden berundag, arca batu, dan altar altar pemujaan nenek moyang. Berdasarkan temuan arkeologis , disebut masa Kapak Genggam, Pithecontropus Erektus Temuan perbakala sejenis juga didapati di Pacitan Jawa Timur oleh Koeningswald. Peninggalan purbakala sejaman juga didapati di Cina ( Sinantropus Pekinensis . Para ahli memperkirakan masa Bali kosong ini terjadi satu juta tahun sebelum masehi pada saat pulau jawa, Bali dan Sumatera masih menyatu dengan nama Dataran Sunda. Fase kedua manusia Bali hidup dalam goa goa. Dibuktikan dengan temuan peralatan dari kulit dan kerang sisa makanan indikasi bahwa Bali mengalami masa mesolitikum papua melanesia. Orang Bali diduga berasal dari Tonkin ( Cina, India belakang dan sekitar lautan teduh ( Sukmono). Fase ketiga, jaman Bali sudah mengenal budaya bercocok tanam akibat interaksi dengan budaya jawa. Bahasa yang dipergunakan adalah Melayu Polinesia atau Austronesia . Dengan alat transfortasi perahu bercadik nenek moyang orang Bali berdatangan dan menetap sekitar 2000 tahun sebelum masehi. Masa ini disebut masa “perundagian”, alat dan benda benda perunggu sudah dikenal.
    [Show full text]
  • Bali Tours D'horizons
    Bali Tours d’horizons Jours: 17 Prix: 1750 EUR Vol international non inclus Confort: Difficulté: Les incontournables Vous ne voulez rien manquer de Bali ? Voici un circuit fait pour vous. À travers ce « tour d’horizon », vous découvrirez toutes les merveilles de l’île des Dieux. Visites de temples, balades à travers d’incroyables paysages, sessions de snorkeling, matinée rafting etc., autant d’activités pour se faire plaisir et découvrir toutes les subtilités de cette île. Aussi, c’est un voyage fait de rencontres et de partage avec les habitants : partez au marché local, préparez un bon repas local accompagné d’une famille Balinaise, échangez, discutez, rigolez etc. Partez à la découverte de Bali ! Jour 1. Accueil et transfert à Ubud Aéroport de Denpasar - Ubud Arrivée à l’aéroport de Denpasar et transfert vers Ubud, une cité située sur les collines au nord de Denpasar, dans un paysage valonné de rizières verdoyantes et de ravins. Ubud est réputée pour son école de peinture. Malgré le développement touristique exponentiel qu’elle a connu ces dernières années, la cité a su préserver sa tranquillité et sa beauté. Le reste de la journée est libre. Aéroport de Denpasar Déjeuner Repas libre 40km - 1h 20m Ubud Dîner Repas libre Hébergement Hôtel 3 étoiles Jour 2. A la découverte de la culture locale Ubud - Temple de Tirta Empul Ce matin nous visitons le palais d'Ubud - complexe historique emblématique de l'histoire balinaise où residait autrefois la famille royale. Juste en face se trouve le marché artisanal, où nous pourrons trouver toutes sortes de souvenirs.
    [Show full text]
  • AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science
    246 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science. 2019. 41(2): 246–255 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science www.agrivita.ub.ac.id Crossing Among Sixteen Sweet Potato Parents for Establishing Base Populations Breeding Sri Umi Lestari 1*), Ricky Indri Hapsari 1) and Nur Basuki 2) 1) Faculty of Agriculture, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 2) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Merdeka Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The base - population of the controlled cross breeding is one of the Capsule important factors to develop a new improved cultivar. Since the Cross-compatibility incompatible nature of sweet potato remains a barrier for genetic Female-parent improvement, therefore it requires a lot of crossed pairs. This study Seed set aimed to determine the level of incompatibility among crossing line Sweet potato between high yielding and micronutrient content cultivars. The field experiment conducted at Brawijaya University Research Station, Article History: Jatikerto-Malang, during February to August 2015. The North Carolina Received: June 19, 2017 Design II was applied to sixty pairs controlled cross breeding and Accepted: May 6, 2019 their sixty reciprocal pairs of six cultivars for micronutrient content enrichment with ten high yielding cultivars. The observations were ) * Corresponding author: made to the cross flowers number, capsules, fruit sets, and seeds E-mail: [email protected] number. The level of incompatibility between crossed pairs was determined by the level of fruit set. The result showed that most pairs were compatible (fruit set > 20%) and only few were incompatible (fruit set < 10%). Among six parents with micronutrient content enrichment, two of them, have a high compatibility as as female parents, to all the high yielding cultivars, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Arahan Pengendalian Pembangunan Kawasan Cagar Budaya Candi Tebing Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring Kabupaten Gianyar
    TUGAS AKHIR – PW09 1333 ARAHAN PENGENDALIAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA CANDI TEBING GUNUNG KAWI TAMPAKSIRING KABUPATEN GIANYAR NYOMAN ARTO SUPRAPTO NRP 3606 100 055 Dosen Pembimbing Putu Gde Ariastita, ST, MT PROGRAM STUDI PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2010 ARAHAN PENGENDALIAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA CANDI TEBING GUNUNG KAWI TAMPAKSIRING KABUPATEN GIANYAR Nyoman Arto Suprapto1); Putu Gede Ariastita2) 1) Mahasiswa S1 Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, ITS 2) Dosen S1 Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, ITS E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Candi Tebing Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring (GKT) adalah salah satu aset/benda cagar budaya yang terletak di Kabupaten Gianyar. GKT ini memiliki potensi pariwisata yang sangat tinggi (wisata budaya), hal ini terbukti dari besarnya jumlah kunjungan wisatawan ke lokasi ini dari tahun ke tahun. Potensi pariwisata yang besar tersebut membawa dampak positif dan negatif terhadap keberadaan situs GKT. Dampak negatif dari perkembangan pariwisata tersebut adalah adanya intervensi terhadap aktivias GKT. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan arahan pemanfaatan lahan kawasan GKT. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis scoring skala likert, analisis overlay, dan analisis kualitatif. Analis scoring skala likert digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kegiatan yang ada dan berpotensi ancaman. Analisis overlay digunakan untuk menentukan mintakat inti, mintakat penyangga dan mintakat pengembangan. Sedangkan analisa secara kualitatif digunakan untuk menentukan arahan pengendalian di tiap-tiap mintakat. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa jenis kegiatan dapat dikelompokan menjadi empat berdasarkan potensi tingkat ancaman dan tingkat kepentingannya, yaitu: jenis kegiatan yang memiliki ancaman tinggi dan kepentingan tinggi; jenis kegiatan yang memiliki ancaman tinggi dan kepentingan rendah; jenis kegiatan yang memiliki ancaman rendah dan kepentingan tinggi; dan jenis kegiatan yang memiliki ancaman rendah dan kepentingan rendah.
    [Show full text]
  • Simbolisme Relief Candi Sukuh
    SIMBOLISME RELIEF CANDI SUKUH LAPORAN PENELITIAN PUSTAKA Oleh: Drs. Achmad Syafi’i, M.Sn. Wisnu Adisukma, M.Sn. NIP. 19570527 198503 1002 NIP. 19840701 200912 1008 Dibiayai DIPA ISI Surakarta Nomor: SP DIPA-041.01.2.400903/2019 Tanggal 5 Desember 2018 Direktorat Jendral Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Pelaksanaan Penelitian Pustaka Nomor: 6865/IT6.1/LT/2019 INSTITUT SENI INDONESIA (ISI) SURAKARTA OKTOBER 2019 i ii ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas estetika simbol relief candi Sukuh yang berada di Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian menitikberatkan pada permasalahan penafsiran estetika simbol relief candi Sukuh menurut kajian Estetika Suzanne K. Langer, yaitu melihat kesenian sebagai kreasi bentuk-bentuk simbolis dari perasaan manusia. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini mengulas makna penghadiran dan visualisasi relief candi Sukuh yang dianggap peninggalan terakhir kerajaan Majapahit. Tujuan penelitian lebih kepada pelurusan sejarah dengan mengulik penghadiran serta makna relief candi Sukuh sebagai bagian sistem tanda dalam budaya Jawa. Sekaligus sebagai upaya pelestarian nilai tradisi mengenai pralambang berupa sengkalan yang seringkali dipakai manusia Jawa dalam relief candi Sukuh agar dapat dipahami manusia Jawa kini sebagai cara memahami diri sebagai bagian dari budaya ‘Timur’. Pembuatan candi Sukuh dimungkinkan selain agar mengingat kembali budaya leluhur, juga sebagai peruwatan terhadap kerajaan Majapahit. Peruwatan dilakukan untuk menggapai kejayaan kembali Majapahit sebab masa Dyah Suhita, kerajaan Majapahit berangsur surut pengaruhnya terlebih pasca perang Paregreg, lepasnya Negara vassal satu-persatu, gempuran dan menguatnya budaya Islam dan Cina di Majapahit. Kata kunci : Candi Sukuh, Estetika simbol, Makna, Relief, Sengkalan ABSTRACT This research determined the aesthetics of Candi Sukuh relief symbol in Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar, Central Java.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia 12
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Indonesia Sumatra Kalimantan p509 p606 Sulawesi Maluku p659 p420 Papua p464 Java p58 Nusa Tenggara p320 Bali p212 David Eimer, Paul Harding, Ashley Harrell, Trent Holden, Mark Johanson, MaSovaida Morgan, Jenny Walker, Ray Bartlett, Loren Bell, Jade Bremner, Stuart Butler, Sofia Levin, Virginia Maxwell PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Indonesia . 6 JAVA . 58 Malang . 184 Indonesia Map . 8 Jakarta . 62 Around Malang . 189 Purwodadi . 190 Indonesia’s Top 20 . 10 Thousand Islands . 85 West Java . 86 Gunung Arjuna-Lalijiwo Need to Know . 20 Reserve . 190 Banten . 86 Gunung Penanggungan . 191 First Time Indonesia . 22 Merak . 88 Batu . 191 What’s New . 24 Carita . 88 South-Coast Beaches . 192 Labuan . 89 If You Like . 25 Blitar . 193 Ujung Kulon Month by Month . 27 National Park . 89 Panataran . 193 Pacitan . 194 Itineraries . 30 Bogor . 91 Around Bogor . 95 Watu Karang . 195 Outdoor Adventures . 36 Cimaja . 96 Probolinggo . 195 Travel with Children . 52 Cibodas . 97 Gunung Bromo & Bromo-Tengger-Semeru Regions at a Glance . 55 Gede Pangrango National Park . 197 National Park . 97 Bondowoso . 201 Cianjur . 98 Ijen Plateau . 201 Bandung . 99 VANY BRANDS/SHUTTERSTOCK © BRANDS/SHUTTERSTOCK VANY Kalibaru . 204 North of Bandung . 105 Jember . 205 Ciwidey & Around . 105 Meru Betiri Bandung to National Park . 205 Pangandaran . 107 Alas Purwo Pangandaran . 108 National Park . 206 Around Pangandaran . 113 Banyuwangi . 209 Central Java . 115 Baluran National Park . 210 Wonosobo . 117 Dieng Plateau . 118 BALI . 212 Borobudur . 120 BARONG DANCE (P275), Kuta & Southwest BALI Yogyakarta . 124 Beaches . 222 South Coast . 142 Kuta & Legian . 222 Kaliurang & Kaliadem . 144 Seminyak .
    [Show full text]
  • Ida Bagus Nyoman Wartha–Manfaat Penting “Benda Cagar Budaya”
    Ida Bagus Nyoman Wartha–Manfaat Penting “Benda Cagar Budaya” ... MANFAAT PENTING “BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA” SEBAGAI PENINGGALAN SEJARAH/ARKEOLOGI UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AGAMA,SOSIAL BUDAYA, SOSIAL EKONOMI, PENDIDIKAN DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN (STUDI KAJIAN BUDAYA) Ida Bagus Nyoman Wartha Dosen Prodi Sejarah, FKIP Unmas Denpasar ABSTRAK Benda-benda cagar budaya adalah peninggalan yang paling luhur untuk warisan bangsa, karena mengandung makna nilai dari budaya nenek moyang untuk kenangan sepanjang masa.Hal yang paling penting dalam warisan budaya sebagai peninggalan sejarah / arkeologi adalah benda dimana tidak terlepas dari lingkungan masyarakatnya yang menghormati peningalan-peninggalan tersebut. Karena kenyataannya peningggalan benda cagar budaya ditinjau dari sifatnya dapat dikelompokan antara lain tidak mendapat perhatian dari masyarakat dan bahhkan tidak difungsikan lagi keberadaannya (peninggalan/monumen mati). Tetapi di bagian lain ada bagimasyarakat yang menjadikan peninnggalan sejarah/arkeologi sangat penting bahkan disakralkan pada tempat ibadah dan suci sebagai (peninggalan/monumen hidup).Khususnya di Bali, peningalan sejarah/arkeologi sebagai warisan budaya bagi masyarakat Hinndu, benda seperti patung, relief dan bangunan, kesemuanya disucikan karena dipercaya memiliki nilai-nilai agama dan kehidupan berguna orang di Bali. Sehingga semua peninggalan sejarah/arkeologi yang bermanfaat untuk dilestarikan dan menjadi peradaban suatu bangsa.Benda cagar budaya sebagai peninggalan yang ada di Bali banyak mendapat perhatian dari berbagai belahan
    [Show full text]