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Ubud: from the Origins to 19201
Ubud: From The Origins to 19201 Jean Couteau* Abstract Today’s historis often tries to weave together unquestionable facts with a narrative that consciously gives room to past myths and legends. The following article about the famous “cultural” resort of Ubud freely applies this approach to history. Myths and legends about the origin of Ubud combine with unquestionable historical facts to convey, beyond the Ubud’s raw history proper, the prevailing athmosphere of Ubud’s pre-modern past. Thus the mythical seer Resi Merkandaya is made to appear alongside the story of the kembar buncing (fraternal, non-identical twins) of the House of Ubud, and the history of Western presence and intervention. Keywords: prince of Ubud, knowledge of tradition, modernizing Bali Ubud: In the Legendary Haze of History o those who truly know Ubud, that is, Ubud such as it was, Twhen its life was still governed, through rites, by the har- monious encounter of Man and Nature, Campuhan is a magical spot, which marks Ubud as a place bestowed by the favors of the * Dr. Jean Couteau is a French writer living in Bali who publishes extensively on a large variety of topics in French, English and Indonesian. He is mainly known in Indonesia for his essays and his writings on the arts. He is the senior editor of the international art magazine C-Arts and a lecturer at the Indonesian Art Institute (Institut Seni Indonesia/ ISI) in Denpasar. 1 This text rests on three main sources of information: Hilbery Rosemary, Reminiscences of a Balinese Prince, Tjokorde Gde Agung Sukawati, SE Asia Paper No 14, SE Asian Studies, University of Hawai, 1979; an interview of Cokorde Niang Isteri, the wife of Cokorde Agung Sukawati; and in-depth interviews of Cokorde Atun, Cokorde Agung Sukawati’s daughter. -
I Ketut Ardhana Michael Kuhn Diane Butler • • • Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro Slamat Trisila EDITORS
EDITORS I Ketut Ardhana • Yekti Maunati Michael Kuhn • Nestor T. Castro Diane Butler • Slamat Trisila Center of Bali Studies-Udayana University (UNUD) in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO) Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SOUTHEAST ASIAN THINKSHOP: THE QUESTION OF WORLD CULTURE EDITORS Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro I Ketut Ardhana • Slamat Trisila Michael Kuhn • Diane Butler • Center of Bali Studies-Udayana University (UNUD) in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO), Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SOUTHEAST ASIAN THINKSHOP: THE QUESTION OF WORLD CULTURE EDITORS I Ketut Ardhana Yekti Maunati Nestor T. Castro Michael Kuhn Diane Butler Slamat Trisila Publisher Center of Bali Studies Udayana University PB Sudirman Street, Denpasar Bali, Indonesia in collaboration with: International Federation of Social Science Organizations (IFSSO), Social Sciences and Humanities Network (The WorldSSHNet) Supported by: Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Humanities-Udayana University First Edition: 2016 ISBN xxx-xxx-xxxx-xx-x ii TABLE OF CONTENT Preface from Organizing Committee ~ ix Foreword from World Social Science and Humanities ~ xi Foreword from the President of IFSSO ~ xiii Welcome -
Packaged for Export 21 February 1984 R Peter Bird Martin Institute of Current World Affairs Whee Lock House 4 West Wheelock Street Hanover NH 08755
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS BEB-24 28892 Top of the World Laguna Beach CA 92651 Packaged For Export 21 February 1984 r Peter Bird Martin Institute of Current World Affairs Whee lock House 4 West Wheelock Street Hanover NH 08755 Dear Peter In 1597, eighty-seven years after the Spice Islands were discovered by the Portugese, Dutch ships under the command of Cornelius Houtman dropped anchor near the island of Bali. So warm was the welcome from the local ruler, so abundant the hospitality of the local populace, that many of Houtman's crew refused to leave; it took him two years to round up enough crewmen to sail back to Holland. It took almost another three and a half centuries fo. the rest of the world to make good Houtman's discovery. Today, a bare fifty years since the word got out, Bali suffers from an annual tourist invasion so immense, so rapacious, it threatens the island's traditional culture With complete suffocation. Today, tourist arrivals total around 850,000. By 1986 the numbers are expected to. top 750,000. Not lon afterwards, the Balinese will be playing host to almest a million tourists a year. This on an island of only 5,682 square kilometers" (2,095square miles) with a resident populat$on of almost three million. As Houtman and others found out,_ Bali is unique. I the fifteenth century before the first known Western contact, Bali had been the on-aain, off-again vassal of eastern lava's Majapahit empire. By the sixteenth century, however, Majapahit was decaying and finally fell under the advanci.ng scourge of Islam. -
GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring: Tempat Pendidikan Agama Pada Masa Bali Kuno
GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring: Tempat Pendidikan Agama pada Masa Bali Kuno Kadek Dedy Prawirajaya R1; Heri Purwanto2; Coleta Palupi Titasari1 1Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana Jl. Pulau Nias No. 13, Denpasar 2S2 Brahma Widya, Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar Jl. Kenyeri No. 57, Denpasar Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Naskah diterima: 08-09-2019; direvisi: 05-06-2020; disetujui: 27-08-2020 Abstrak Kajian terhadap bangunan suci yang berfungsi sebagai tempat pendidikan agama masa lalu yang sering disebut dengan mandala kadewaguruan jarang disentuh oleh peneliti. Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring sebagai salah satu bangunan suci keagamaan masa lalu telah memberikan petunjuk bahwa kemungkinan tempat ini difungsikan juga sebagai ruang belajar-mengajar. Untuk itu studi ini ingin menelusuri bukti-bukti yang memperkuat dugaan tersebut dan ingin menjelaskan kehidupan masyarakat pendukungnya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung ke lapangan (observasi) dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yaitu mengunakan analisis kualitatif, kontekstual, dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring merupakan sebuah bangunan suci yang berstatus sebagai mandala kadewaguruan. Hal ini buktikan dengan beberapa variabel yakni tempat yang luas, ditemukan berbagai tinggalan arkeologi keagamaan, ditemukan gerabah, dan diberitakan dalam prasasti. Kehidupan yang dilakukan oleh kaum ṛṣidan pertapa menunjukkan aktivitas yang kompleks yakni memenuhi kebutuhan sosial yang berkenaan dengan kegiatan estafet pendidikan agama, memenuhi kebutuhan religius yang senantiasa mengadakan berbagai upacara keagamaan, dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang berkaitan dengan makanan dan minuman. Kata kunci: gunung kawi, kaum ṛṣi, mandala kadewagruan. Abstract The study of sacred buildings that served as religious education sites in the past or often called as the rarely carried out by researchers. -
Anak Agung Gd Raka Anak Agung Gd Raka
ANAK AGUNG GD RAKA ANAK AGUNG GD RAKA Pustaka Larasan 2016 i PURA PENATARAN SASIH PEJENG KAHYANGAN JAGAT BALI Penulis Anak Agung Gd. Raka Pracetak Slamat Trisila Penerbit Pustaka Larasan Jalan tunggul Ametung IIIA/11B Denpasar, Bali 80116 Ponsel: 0817353433 Pos-el: [email protected] Cetakan Pertama: 2016 ISBN 978-602-1586-65-5 ii KATA PENGANTAR Puja dan Puji syukur dipersembahkan kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa (TYME), karena berkat asung wara nugraha-Nya buku “Pura Penataran Sasih Pejeng, Kahyangan Jagat Bali” dapat diterbitkan pada momentum yang tepat, yaitu di saat upacara besar “Tawur Panca Wali Krama” (Sabtu, 20 Pebruari 2016) dan “Karya Padudusan Agung” (Senin, 22 Pebruari 2016). Sebagai Pangrajeg Karya “Anak Agung Gde Agung Bharata” (Bupati Gianyar); Wiku Yajamana “Ida Pedanda Wayahan Bun” (Geria Sanur, Pejeng); Penanggung Jawab “Tjokorda Gde Putra Pemayun” (Bendesa Jero Kuta, Pejeng); dan Ketua Umum “Cokorda Rai Widiarsa P” (Kerta Desa, Jero Kuta, Pejeng). Upacara besar semacam ini adalah untuk kedua kalinya dilaksanakan di Pura Penataran Sasih, dan yang pertama dilaksanakan tahun 1966 atau 50 tahun silam. Penerbitan buku ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada umat Hindu tidak hanya di Bali, namun juga yang berada di luar Bali, tentang keberadaan Pura Penataran Sasih pada masa lalu, masa sekarang, dan masa yang akan datang. Bila melihat dan mengamati warisan budaya yang tersimpan di dalam pura, bahwa ada sebuah tinggalan yang unik berasal dari zaman pra-Hindu berupa nekara berukuran sangat besar, yaitu terbesar di Asia Tenggara bahkan di dunia, dan usianya lebih dari 2000 tahun. Warisan budaya lainnya iii adalah berasal dari zaman Hindu berupa tinggalan seni arca ratusan jumlahnya dan tinggalan dalam bentuk lainnya. -
Babad Gumi 13
CANDRASANGKALA: THE BALINESE ART OF DATING EVENTS. HANS HÄGERDAL [email protected] Department of Humanities University of Växjö Sweden 2006 1 Introduction 2 Babad Gumi 13 Babad Bhumi 42 Korn 1 74 Korn 2 93 Korn 3 100 Korn 4 105 Korn 5 113 Babad Tusan 132 Tattwa Batur Kalawasan 140 Pangrincik Babad 147 Sara Samuscaya Pakenca 156 Anjang Nirartha 164 Pasasangkalan 167 Pawawatekan 182 Postscript: Pasangkalan 198 Genealogies 201 Unpublished sources 204 Literature 206 2 INTRODUCTION Elements of Balinese historiography. History has deep roots on Bali, however one defines the word. To be more exact, Bali has a wider scope of historiographical continuity than anywhere else in Southeast Asia except for Vietnam and perhaps Burma. Pending some previous scholarly statements regarding the Balinese perception of time and the historical past, that are found in the anthropological literature about the island, such a statement may seem rather rash. However, it remains an astonishing fact. On Balinese soil historical texts were preserved and cherished; they informed ever new generations about ancient kingdoms far back in time, to the Javanese dynasties of Airlangga and Ken Angrok up to a thousand years ago. Certainly, these dynasties were mainly non-Balinese, but this is irrelevant for the self- perception of the Balinese elite groups, who found inspiration and raison d’être from tales of ancient Javanese realms. As against this, the genuinely historical memory barely goes back before the 13th century in Thailand, the 14th century in Laos and Cambodia, and the 15th century in the Malay world. Historical traditions from Java, Aceh, South Sulawesi and Maluku cease to be merely legends and start to take on a somewhat more plausible shape in about the 15th or 16th century. -
Strategi Politik Majapahit Menaklukan Kerajaan Bali 1352- 1380 M
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Journal IKIP PGRI Bali Vol. 07. NO. 1 Pebruari 2019 ISSN 2301-4695 Strategi Politik Majapahit Menaklukan Kerajaan Bali 1352- 1380 M Majapahit Political Strategy to Conquer the Kingdom of Bali 1352-1380 Dewa Made Alit Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS IKIP PGRI Bali Jl. Seroja Tonja-Denpasar Utara, Bali (80239) *Pos-el: [email protected] Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui strategi politik yang diterapkan oleh Kerajaan Majapahit agar bisa menguasai Bali mengingat banyak dan masifnya perlawanan rakyat Bali Aga terhadap dinasti baru yang ditempatkan di Bali.Rakyat Bali belum bias menerima penaklukan yang dilakukan oleh Gajah Mada terhadap raja Sri astasura Ratna Bumi Banten. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah sehingga prosedur kerjanya mengikuti urutan-urutan penelitian sejarah meliputi heuristic, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Data dikumpulkan dengan studi pustaka. Data yang terkumpul dikritik dengan kritik sejarah baik kritik ekstern maupun intern untuk mendapatkan fakta yang diperlukan dalam penyusunan cerita sejarah. Fakta yang ada kemudian diinterpretasikan untuk melihat kesalinghubungan antara fakta yang satu dengan fakta yang lainnya serta kedudukan fakta itu dalam kontek cerita sejarah. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi data tersebut kemudian disusun sebuah cerita sejarah dengan mengikuti prinsip serialisasi, kronologi dan kausalitas. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa adanya kekosongan kekuasaan di Bali setelah Majapahit -
Sistem Pemerintahan Kerajaan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Arsitektur Bali (Rachmat Budihardjo)
Sistem Pemerintahan Kerajaan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Arsitektur Bali (Rachmat Budihardjo) SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN KERAJAAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP ARSITEKTUR BALI Rachmat Budihardjo Jurusan Arsitektur Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta ABSTRAK. Membicarakan sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali, tidak bisa dilepaskan oleh adanya pengaruh agama Hindu. Konsep Negara Klasik di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh dua pusat peradaban yaitu India dan Cina, khususnya mengenai masalah kosmis-magis, angka-angka, benda keramat, para pemimpin, geografi, posisi dan lain-lain. Sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali berawal dari sejak zaman Bali Kuno sampai dengan zaman Awal Kemerdekaan. Puncak kejayaannya terjadi pada zaman Majapahit atau setelah adanya ekspedisi patih Gajah Mada berhasil menaklukkan Bali. Pengaruh agama Hindu, terutama setelah kedatangan Pendeta dari Jawa Timur : Empu Kuturan dan Dang Hyang Nirartha / Dang Hyang Dwijendra sangat mendominasi pada perkembangan dan perbaikan segi-segi kehidupan dan sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali, termasuk perkembangan arsitekturnya baik pada jenis bangunan Parahyangan, Pawongan ataupun Palemahan. Pada mulanya keraton di Bali disebut dengan “Pura” seperti : Linggarsa Pura (Samprangan, Gianyar), Sweca Pura (Gelgel) dan Semara Pura (Klungkung), setelah beberapa generasi kekuasaan di Klungkung dilakukanlah perubahan sebutan : Pura untuk fungsi bangunan Kahyangan / Suci dan Puri untuk fungsi bangunan Pawongan / Keraton. copyright Kata Kunci: sistem pemerintahan, kerajaan, arsitektur Bali ABSTRACT. Talking about the royal government system in Bali, it cannot be separated by the influence of Hindu religion. The concept of classic country in Indonesia had been affected by the two centers of civilization, namely Indian and China, particularly on the issue of cosmic- magical, numbers and figures, sacred objects, leaders, geography, and other positions. System of royal government in Bali had began from the days of the Ancient Bali to Early Independence era. -
M. Atmodjo Preliminary Report on the Copper-Plate Inscription of Asahduren
M. Atmodjo Preliminary report on the copper-plate inscription of Asahduren In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 126 (1970), no: 2, Leiden, 215-227 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:56:17AM via free access PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE COPPER-PLATE INSCRIPTION OF ASAHDUREN n June 23rd 1%7 I was invited by the people of Asahduren to ~transcribeand give an explanation of the copper-plate Oinscription which is kept there. The village of Asahduren is situated in the regqof Jëmbrana, West Bali. It is a smal1 mountain-village surrounded by thickly-grown coffee and rubber plantations, and lies about 150 kilometres from the Archaeological Service at Bedulu (Bali). During my visit there I was accompanied by students of the Udayana Universit~in Denpasar and alm some mmbers of the Archaeological Service in Bali2 We were warmly welcomed by the inhabitants who had prepared a great temple-ceremony which they described as uttamanih-uttama (the greatst of the greaitest), i.e. a special ceremony prepared for the reading of that holy inscription. As is known, most archaeological relics and pram& (inscriptions) in Bali are still re- garded as sacred. The inscription is kept in the gëdmi (building) of the Pura Desa (Village Temple), wrapped in white cloth in a smal1 box. When I came there thousands of people from Asahduren and also from its neigh- bouring villages, men and women, dressed ia their national costurnes had been waiting for me and my staff since 8 o'clock in the morning. -
A Short History of Bali.Pdf
bali_final_b 1/10/03 1:38 PM Page 1 Two million tourists visit Bali every year. Many want to know about the island, its often turbulent past, and the forces that have shaped its universally appealing culture. This lively and informative concise history is for them, and for others interested in a unique but important A SHORT HISTORY OF province of Indonesia. A Short History of Bali covers the entire history of this intriguing and mysterious island, from before the Bronze Age to the presidency of Megawati Sukarnoputri and the tragedy of the Kuta bombings on 12 October 2002. It looks at the arrival of Indian culture, early European contact, the role of anthropologists and taste- makers of the 1930s in romanticising the island, and the complex legacies of Dutch control. It tells of the Japanese Occupation, the Indonesian Revolution, the massacres of 1965—66, and the onset of mass tourism under the Soeharto regime. Finally, it looks at recent economic progress, as well as its flip side— environmental problems generated by population growth and massive tourist BALI development. It also draws on Balinese opinion about the meaning of the island’s past and its future in the new Indonesian democracy. A Short History of Bali is an important insight into the complicated and surprising history of one of Asia’s most captivating societies. Robert Pringle Robert Pringle is an historian, journalist and diplomat with special interest in environmental issues, ethnic minorities and conflict resolution. He spent thirty years A SHORT HISTORY OF in the United States Foreign Service, nine of them in Indonesia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. -
A Merican C Eramic C Ircle J Ournal
A merican C eramic Circle J ournal V olume XVI REBEKAH WOSTR EL Balinese Ritual Terra-cottas This paper discusses historic and contemporary ceramic practices in Bali, Indonesia, particularly ritual earthenwares, the eteh-eteh padudusan (the elements of the world). It also describes the author’s experience of mounting an art exhibit with local potters and religious offering experts in Ubud, the cultural and artistic mecca of Bali. Although I was an anthropology major with a religious studies minor at Smith College, I am first and foremost a visual artist. While an undergraduate, I spent a year in Kenya working with local potters, an experience that inspired me to become a potter myself. My years after college working with collections at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography at Harvard University spurred an interest in ritual artifacts of other cultures. Since the intersection of art and ritual has long been of interest to me, Bali—where art, religion, and life are inseparable—was an ideal place for me to live and work. I went to Bali looking for the potters, the pots, and the roles they played in local religious life and found that earthenwares are inextricably bound to the ritual life practices of the Balinese. Because of my background and ceramic expertise, this paper focuses on the ritual earthenwares of Bali. Since I have had to constrain its limits, there is minimal discussion of Balinese religious beliefs and the history of ceramics in Indonesia. Readers wishing to learn more about these topics may refer to the sources listed in the endnotes. -
A Short History of Bali Past and Its Future in the New Indonesian Democracy
bali_final_b 1/10/03 1:38 PM Page 1 Two million tourists visit Bali every year. Many want to know about the island, its often turbulent past, and the forces that have shaped its universally appealing culture. This lively and informative concise history is for them, and for others interested in a unique but important A SHORT HISTORY OF province of Indonesia. A Short History of Bali covers the entire history of this intriguing and mysterious island, from before the Bronze Age to the presidency of Megawati Sukarnoputri and the tragedy of the Kuta bombings on 12 October 2002. It looks at the arrival of Indian culture, early European contact, the role of anthropologists and taste- makers of the 1930s in romanticising the island, and the complex legacies of Dutch control. It tells of the Japanese Occupation, the Indonesian Revolution, the massacres of 1965—66, and the onset of mass tourism under the Soeharto regime. Finally, it looks at recent economic progress, as well as its flip side— environmental problems generated by population growth and massive tourist BALI development. It also draws on Balinese opinion about the meaning of the island’s past and its future in the new Indonesian democracy. A Short History of Bali is an important insight into the complicated and surprising history of one of Asia’s most captivating societies. Robert Pringle Robert Pringle is an historian, journalist and diplomat with special interest in environmental issues, ethnic minorities and conflict resolution. He spent thirty years A SHORT HISTORY OF in the United States Foreign Service, nine of them in Indonesia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea.