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Gianyar Regency Udayana University Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, M.S. (et al.) Department Of Culture, Gianyar Regency In Collaboration With Center Cor Bali Studies Udayana University 2015 The Government of Gianyar Regency BRANDING OF GIANYAR REGENCY Identity Representation of Kabupaten Seni and Kota Pusaka in the Local, National, and International Communication By Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, M.S. (et al.) DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, GIANYAR REGENCY IN COLLABORATION WITH CENTER COR BALI STUDIES UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 2015 BRANDING OF GIANYAR REGENCY Identity Representation of Kabupaten Seni and Kota Pusaka in the Local, National, and International Communication ©2015 Department of Culture, Gianyar Regency Authors Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, M.S. Prof. Dr. Phil. I Ketut Ardhana, M.A. Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, M.A. Drs. I Wayan Geriya Dr. Drs. Anak Agung Gd. Raka, M.Si. I Dewa Ngurah Anom, S.Pd., M.Pd. Translator Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani, S.S., M.Hum & friends Preprint Slamat Trisila Publisher Pustaka Larasan Jalan Tunggul Ametung IIIA/11B Denpasar, Bali 80116 Email: [email protected] DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, GIANYAR REGENCY in collaboration with CENTER FOR BALI STUDIES UDAYANA UNIVERSITY First Edition: 2015 ISBN 978-602-1586-55-6 ii Advisory Committe Prof. Dr. dr. I Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD. KEMD (Rektor Universitas Udayana) A.A. Gde Agung Bharata, S.H. (Bupati Gianyar) Officer In Charge: Prof. Drs. I Made Suastra, M.A, Ph. D. (Pembantu Rektor IV Unud) Drs. I Gusti Ngurah Wijana, M.M., M.Pd. (Kepala Dinas Kebudayaan Kabupaten Gianyar) Organizing Committe : Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, M.S. (Head) Prof. Dr. Phil. I Ketut Ardhana, M. A. (Secretary) Dra. Sulanjari, M. A. (Finance) Members: Ir. Wayan Suwija, M.M. Dra. Ida Ayu Made Adnyani, M.Si. A.A. Gde Putra Parwata, S.Sn. I Gusti Nyoman Kodim, S.S.Kar. I Wayan Darya, S.Sn. I Gusti Putu Gotama, S.Sn. Dr. I Ketut Setiawan Dra. A.A.A. Rai Wahyuni, M. Si. Drs. Ida Bagus Gede Putra, M. Hum. I Wayan Ery Setiawan, S.H. Fransiska, S.S. Ida Bagus Gede Baskara Cokorda Gde Eka Badrayana Ni Luh Nyoman Juliari Team of Authors: Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, M.S. Prof. Dr. Phil. I Ketut Ardhana, M.A. Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, M.A. Drs. I Wayan Geriya Dr. Drs. Anak Agung Gd. Raka, M.Si. I Dewa Nyoman Anom, S.Pd., M.Pd. iii Informan: Prof. Dr. Ir. I Wayan Windia, S.U. Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Wedakusuma, M. S. Drs. I Wayan Muliarsa, Ir. Ketut Witarka Yudiata, M.T. Ir. I Wayan Gomudha, M.T. Ir. I Gusti Made Rena Yoke Darmawan iv FOREWORD Om Swastyastu, This branding book of Gianyar regency can be published as it was planned because of the blessing from Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa/Almighty God. Therefore, we should deliver our gratefulness, angayu bagia, and parasuksma over His greatness. thatBefore can the enrich book thewas data written and by the Team information of the Authors, design it for was Gianyar firstly Regencyperformed Branding. a number Those of academic academic activitiesactivities andare suchfield literatureactivities study and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) that are ordered to explore and assess the referral sources that can be used as a conceptual basis for the branding. In addition, the Branding Plan Committee of Gianyar Regency was also conducting several meetings and roundtable discussions to accomplish two things, they are: (1) the availability of graphic design draft (2) realization of a branding book of Gianyar regency. In the branding book of Gianyar regency was examined seven aspects: Chapter I Introduction (by Drs. I Wayan Geriya), Chapter II Overview of Gianyar Regency: The Arts Regency and Heritage City (by Prof. Dr. I Ketut Ardana, M.Phil.), Chapter III Branding in Chapter IV Transformation of Kecak as the Basic Foundation Brandingthe Modern of Era:Gianyar Definition, Regency Function, (by Dr. MeaningDrs. Anak (by Agung I Wayan Gde Geriya, Raka, M. Hum.), Chapter V Application of Branding in the development of Gianyar regency (by Prof. Dr. I Ketut Ardana, M.Phil.), Chapter VI Legislation, IPR and socialization of the Branding (by Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, MS), and Chapter VII Inference (by Prof. Dr. I Wayan Pastika, MS). In addition of those seven chapters, the book is also attached with a number of appendixes that inform the preparatory process of its designing: the formulation of FGD, v reporter notes of FGD, introductory material of FGD from the Chairman of the Committee, the attendant list of FGD, proposal of graphic design for the Branding of Gianyar regency from the Committee, and the Branding Competition Guidelines of Gianyar regency. On this auspicious occasion we should express our gratitude profusely and highest appreciation to the honorable Regent of Gianyar that has given way to us for this noble task. Further, uur who have commissioned us through Bali’s Udayana University Researchgratitude alsoCenter goes to towork the Rectortogether of toUdayana succeed University creation andBranding staffs Gianyar regency. We would also thank the Head of Department of the excellent cooperation so that all activities can be carried out smoothly.Culture, Gianyar Finally, regency we would and also staffs express that our have highest facilitated appreciation us with for their contributions, either idea or energy, to the realization for theto all Branding the public of figuresGianyar in regency. Gianyar and members of the committee Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti Om. Gianyar, 10 Desember 2015 Editor vi MESSAGE FROM REGENT OF GIANYAR Om Swastyastu, First, I would like to show my gratefulness, angayu bagia, before Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa/the almighty God so I could have the opportunity to give this written speech for the publishing of Gianyar Regency Branding Book 2015. As the regent of Gianyar, I consider that the establishment of branding either as the city or county, as it has been prepared this far, is a compulsion. A branding is not merely a symbol or emblem of an institution, but it is a symbolic representation of the potential and predominance that refer to the institution. In addition, branding is also a visual image, emotional, rational and cultural image as a symbol of the identity of the institution; or symbols of products or services that belong to an agency. In the industrial world the term branding has the same meaning as a trademark. In accordance with branding of Gianyar, the chosen emblem will be used as a media campaign to gain recognition at the local, national, and international levels. Gianyar Regency has a lot of potential and predominance in various aspects of life characterized by the culture of Bali that are dominant, therefore the preservation and empowerment of Balinese culture are very important. Preservation of culture is not only important because of Balinese culture, itself, is showing our identity as Balinese Hinduism, however it is also able to prosper us, both materially and spiritually. In this regard, I feel very happy to read this book who has studied the existence of “Cak” dance as a vii source of inspiration Branding Gianyar regency. As it is known that Cak based on stories that have been told by elders in Puri Gianyar, that dance dance is already was born in Gianyarin Gianyar long in 1935,before but 1900 I have in themore confidence, innocent and simple form. Cak dance not only depicts about harmony of nature-human-God that we called it Tri Hita Karana, but also shows the high level of dynamics and collaboration regardless of social status. Therefore, I also believe that the dynamics of Gianyar society portrayed in Cak dance which latter was inspiring the scheme of Gianyar Regency Branding. Finally, I hope that imaging through Gianyar Regency Branding can be socialized properly so that all components of society can be continuously work together and could always drive them to a successful progress. creation of Gianyar Regency Branding. My gratitude goes to all those who have been objectified the Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti, Om. Gianyar, 15 Dessmber 2015 REGENT OF GIANYAR, A.A. GDE AGUNG BHARATA viii MESSAGE FROM RECTOR OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY Om Swastyastu, By saying grace before the almighty God, I feel honored to give my regards on the publishing of this Branding book of Gianyar regency. The publishing of the branding book that is done by a remarkable work the Cultural Expert Team of Gianyar Regency is an academic step to establish a branding design. It was not only of theory, methods and instruments that its validity could be accounted.done through Gianyar literature, regency but alsobasically a field inhabited study with by the people application of Bali those are very dynamic in their livelihood, social, religion, art and culture life, so that the source of inspiration for the creation of branding can be extracted from those regarding elements. The elements of their life could never be separated from the character of Balinese people in general, with a breath of Balinese Hinduism. Therefore, Gianyar in its branding is worth of the slogan: “Gianyar the Soul of Bali”. As the Rector of Udayana University I was also concerned to express gratitude to all parties who have provided positive support, both material and spiritual towards the achievement of foremost gratitude that goes to the honorable Regent of Gianyar the publication of Gianyar Regency Branding book. For the first and to actively participate in realizing the development programs of Gianyar,and staffs and for one the of credence which is thatthe publishinghas been givenof this to Branding our academics book ix of Gianyar regency. The following acknowledgments addressed to the members of the Expert Team, both from inside and outside the University of Udayana.
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  • The Dutch Strategic and Operational Approach in the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945– 1949

    The Dutch Strategic and Operational Approach in the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945– 1949

    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 46, Nr 2, 2018. doi: 10.5787/46-2-1237 THE DUTCH STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL APPROACH IN THE INDONESIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1945– 1949 Leopold Scholtz1 North-West University Abstract The Indonesian War of Independence (1945–1949) and the Dutch attempt to combat the insurgency campaign by the Indonesian nationalists provides an excellent case study of how not to conduct a counter-insurgency war. In this article, it is reasoned that the Dutch security strategic objective – a smokescreen of autonomy while keeping hold of political power – was unrealistic. Their military strategic approach was very deficient. They approached the war with a conventional war mind- set, thinking that if they could merely reoccupy the whole archipelago and take the nationalist leaders prisoner, that it would guarantee victory. They also mistreated the indigenous population badly, including several mass murders and other war crimes, and ensured that the population turned against them. There was little coordination between the civilian and military authorities. Two conventional mobile operations, while conducted professionally, actually enlarged the territory to be pacified and weakened the Dutch hold on the country. By early 1949, it was clear that the Dutch had lost the war, mainly because the Dutch made a series of crucial mistakes, such as not attempting to win the hearts and minds of the local population. In addition, the implacable opposition by the United States made their war effort futile. Keywords: Indonesian War of Independence, Netherlands, insurgency, counter- insurgency, police actions, strategy, operations, tactics, Dutch army Introduction Analyses of counter-insurgency operations mostly concentrate on the well- known conflicts – the French and Americans in Vietnam, the British in Malaya and Kenya, the French in Algeria, the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique, the Ian Smith government in Rhodesia, the South Africans in Namibia, et cetera.