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hay un lugar en que yo seré reina. there is a place where I will be Queen. Leonardo Colón: Ese lugar no existe. Columbus: That place doesn’t exist. 2 CDs Beatriz: Porque tú serás el rey. Beatriz: Because you will be King. Colón: Tú y mis dos hijos sois mi reino, sois mi centro, Columbus: You and my two sons are my kingdom – BALADA sois mi corona. my center and my crown. Beatriz: Regresarás por mí entre hosannas y entre Beatriz: You will return to me admist “hosannas” and aplausos y el mundo entero dirá: Es el Virrey Colón, es applause. The whole world will declare: “That is Viceroy el Gobernador, es el Almirante. Columbus, he is the Governor, he is the Admiral.” Cristóbal Colón Colón: No, no, no. Columbus: No, no, no. Marineros: Hoy se cumple el plazo. Sailors: Today is the deadline. Pinzón y Rodrigo de Triana: ¡Tierra! ¡Tierra! ¡Tierra! Pinzón and Rodrigo of Triana: Land! Land! Land! José Carreras • Montserrat Caballé Colón: Tiiieeeeerrrrraaaaaa. Columbus: Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaand, ho! Orchestra and Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona ! Escena II-9 Scene II-9 Epílogo: En las Indias Epilogue: In the Indies Theo Alcántara

Indios: Ayaje, ayajo, wehnya, … Indians: Ayaje. Ayajo, wehnya… Isabella, Colón, Marchena: Bendito sea el que venga Isabella, Columbus, Marchena: Blessed is the one who y el que vaya en el nombre del creador. comes and the one who goes in the name of the creator. Isabella: Por fin sabemos por cierto que la tierra es Isabella: At last we know for sure that the Earth is redonda, sabemos por cierto que es igual que una round. We know for certain that it is like an apple, manzana que Dios sostiene en su regazo. which God holds on his lap. Marineros: Por una manzana el hombre fue expulsado Sailors: Because of an apple mankind was expelled del Paraíso Terrenal. from the earthly paradise (Garden of Eden). Isabella y Colón: Para reconciliarnos ofrezcamos otra Isabella and Columbus: To reconcile ourselves, let us manzana a Dios. now offer another apple to God. Marineros: Bendito sea el creador que nos abre los Sailors: Blessed is the creator who opens the seas for mares, que nos abre los aires. Bendito sea el creador us, who opens the skies. Blessed is the creator who que nos abre los ojos. opens our eyes. Indios: Sobre mares de sangre, sobre mares de Indians: On the seas of blood, on the seas of blood… sangre… Columbus: This is the launching site for new trips and Colón: Ésta es la plataforma para los nuevos viajes y for strange navies that will lift their flights above para naves extrañas que elevarán sus vuelos de la tierra. ground. Marineros e indios: Sobre mares de fe y esperanza. Sailors and Indians: On seas of faith and hope. Isabella: Cuando aparezcan hermanos imprevistos Isabella: Whenever unexpected brothers appear, let us compartamos con ellos la manzana del mundo. share with them the apple of the world. Colón: de aquí saldrán los hombres nuevos. Columbus: From here will come the new men. Isabella: aquí empieza su historia la humanidad entera Isabella: Here all of humanity begins its history. Marineros e indios: Paz, paz, paz Sailors and Indians: Peace, peace, peace. Colón: Sobre mares de esperanza, sobre mares de fe. Columbus: On seas of faith, on seas of hope.

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Leonardo will turn our ships back towards Spain, and in that case, my spirit will be dead. BALADA Pinzón: En todas las historias capitán hay un hombre Pinzón: In every story, Captain, there is a man who (b. 1933) que gana y hay un hombre que pierde. Si encontramos wins and a man who loses. If we find those lands, then tierra, en esta historia yo soy el perdedor. Vuestro será in that story I am the loser. The honor and glory will be Cristóbal Colón (1984-86) el honor y la gloria. yours. Pinzón: Si alguien osa tocar al Almirante durante esos Pinzón: If anyone dares to touch the Admiral during these (Christopher Columbus) dos días, juro que lo ahorcaré. two days, I swear I will hang him up with my own hand. Opera in two acts Marineros: Dos días de plazo, si no vemos tierra Sailors: We will wait two days. If we don’t see land we retornamos. will go back. Libretto by Antonio Gala (b. 1930) Premièred at the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, on 24th September, 1989 8 Escena II-8a Scene II-8a ¿En dónde está la voluntad de Dios? (aria) Where is the will of God? (aria) [Colón reflexivo] [Columbus in reflective mood] Cristóbal Colón ...... José Carreras, Tenor Queen Isabella ...... Montserrat Caballé, Soprano Colón: En dónde está la voluntad de Dios. En dónde Columbus: Where is the will of God? Where are the están los ángeles. En dónde está el destino. Aquí se angels? Where is destiny? Here ends the voyage of Martín Alonso Pinzón ...... Carlos Chausson, Baritone acaba el viaje de Cristóbal Colón, ese iluso demente Christopher Columbus, that gullible madman who Padre Fray Antonio de Marchena ...... Luis Álvarez, Baritone que a un pueblo entero convencía con sus convinced an entire people of his fascinations. Here King Fernando ...... Stefano Palatchi, Bass fascinaciones. Aquí se acaba el viaje de un corazón ends the trip of an arrogant heart that once aspired to soberbio que aspiraba a dejar su nombre escrito sobre leave his name written high above all other names. Advisor ...... Miguel Solá, Baritone todos los nombres. Pájaros que voláis sobre mi cabeza, Birds that fly above my head, I hear you, but I can’t see Treasurer ...... Juan Pedro García Márquez, Bass os escucho y no os veo, contestadme, decidme, ¿en you. Answer me, tell me, where is the will of God? General ...... Jesús Sanz Remiro, Bass dónde está la voluntad de Dios? ¿En dónde están los Where are the angels? Where is destiny? The journey ángeles? ¿En dónde está el destino? Aquí se acaba el ends here. Here ends the voyage of Christopher Scientist ...... Gregorio Poblador, Bass viaje. Aquí se acaba el viaje de Cristóbal Colón. Columbus. Bishop ...... Miguel López Galindo, Bass 9 Escena II-8b Scene II-8 Beatriz Enríquez ...... Victoria Vergara, Mezzo-soprano Canción de cuna Sleeping Song Rodrigo de Triana ...... Antonio Lluch, Tenor [Colón recuerda a Beatriz en Córdoba] [Columbus remembers Beatriz in Cordoba]

Sailors, Judeans, Neighbours, Men, Women and Children of Palos, Indians Beatriz: El padre de mi niño salió de casa y estará de Beatriz: The father of my child went out of this house, regreso antes del alba. Hernando se ha dormido. Duerme and he will be back before dawn. Hernando is asleep. Orchestra and Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona tú, duerme tú, Diego, duerme tú y soñarás cómo tu padre Sleep, sleep, Diego, sleep. You will dream how your nos lleva a los tres en una barca blanca con las velas de father takes the three of us in a white boat with silken Theo Alcántara seda y en ella nos sonríe como sonríen los reyes. sails, and in it he smiles at us like a king. Chorus conductors: Romano Gandolfi and Vittorio Sicuri 0 ¡Tierra! Land! Original Idea and Promotion: Aquiles García Tuero Colón: No es verdad, no es verdad, te engañé Beatriz Columbus: That is not true, that is not true, I lied to Sponsored by Grupo Endesa querida. you, my dear Beatriz. Commissioned by Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario Beatriz: En Córdoba sabemos que donde el sol se pone Beatriz: In Cordoba we know that where the sun sets

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tenéis medicina de Dios. Yo descanso mis ojos al power of God. I rest my eyes on both you and Spain at CD 1 64:52 CD 2 47:45 mismo tiempo en España y en vos porque sois la misma the same time, because you are the same thing. Bearer of cosa. Adelantado de mi voz y de mi lengua, Virrey de my voice and my tongue, Viceroy of my tenderness for mi ternura por los pueblos recién nacidos. Almirante, the newly born peoples. Admiral, raise up your heart as Act I Act II levad el corazón como se leva un ancla. No one raises up an anchor. Never give up, because God has desfallezcáis nunca porque Dios os ha tocado con su touched you with his finger of fire, and everyone in 1 Scene 1: ¡Salve! 7:19 1 Scene 1: En el presente, en la nave 1:59 dedo de fuego y todos en España os aguardamos. Spain is waiting for you. Admiral, admiral, never give Almirante, almirante, no desfallezcáis nunca, todos en up, everyone in Spain is waiting for you. (Women, Sailors, Columbus, Pinzón) (Pinzón, Columbus) España os aguardamos. 2 Scene 2a: Es mi nombre Cristóbal (aria) 5:14 2 Scene 2: ¡Adiós! 7:38

7 Escena II-7 Scene II-7 (Marchena, Columbus) (Judeans, Columbus, Women, Pinzón) Motín Riot 3 Scene 2b: España ensimismada (aria) 7:51 3 Scene 3: Grande tiene que ser nuestra [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] (Fernando, Isabella) esperanza 1:12 Marineros: ¡Librémonos del extranjero! Sailors: Let’s get rid of the foreigner! Hang him up! In 4 Scene 2c: La Comisión de Salamanca 8:05 (Columbus, Pinzón) ¡Ahorquémoslo! Para acabar con nuestros males, order to end our evils, we must finish him! A wind (Columbus, Advisor, Treasurer, General, 4 Scene 4: Te conocí una tarde (duet) 5:12 acabemos con él. Un viento nos empuja hacia la boca pushes us towards the mouth of hell. If we don’t turn Scientist, Bishop) (Beatriz, Columbus) del infierno. Si no viramos ahora mismo en redondo, around immediately, we will never get back. We will nunca retornaremos. Enloqueceremos en estas naves. go mad on these ships. We wake up hearing the cries of 5 Scene 2d: En la Rábida 4:47 5 Scene 5: ¡Capitán! 2:41 Nos despertamos oyendo el llanto de nuestras mujeres. our wives. That “visionary Jew” is driving us towards (Marchena, Pinzón, Columbus) (Pinzón, Columbus) Ese judío visionario nos conduce a la muerte. Cuanto death. All that we see here are lies, lies. aquí vemos es mentira, mentira. 6 Scene 3: Coro de marineros 0:47 6 Scene 6: ¡Almirante! (aria) 6:43 Pinzón: Hombres del mar. ¿Qué es esto? ¡Poner las Pinzón: Men of the sea. What is this? Laying your (Sailors) (Isabella) manos sobre el capitán es igual que ponerlas sobre Dios! hands on the captain is like laying them on God! 7 Scene 4a: El trono de los Reyes iluminado 1:34 7 Scene 7: Motín 6:09 Marineros: Echemos al extranjero por la borda. Sailors: Let’s throw that foreigner through the gunwale. Pinzón: ¡Despertad, despertad! En nombre vuestro yo Pinzón: Wake up, wake up! In your name, I will speak (Fernando, Isabella, Columbus) (Sailors, Pinzón, Columbus) hablaré con él. with him. 8 Scene 4b: Ahora comprendo (aria) 7:05 8 Scene 8a: ¿En dónde está la voluntad Marineros: Navegamos hacia la noche, navegamos Sailors: We are sailing towards the darkness, we are hacia el infierno. sailing towards hell. (Isabella) de Dios? (aria) 4:34 Pinzón: Aguardad allí sosegados. Aguardad allí. Pinzón: Wait here calmly. Wait here. 9 Scene 4c: Demasiado sensata 0:47 (Columbus) Pinzón: Ésta vez, capitán, se amotinaron las tres naves. Pinzón: This time, Captain, the three ships are in a state (Fernando, Isabella) 9 Scene 8b: Canción de cuna 1:34 of riot. Colón: Ya lo sé. Columbus: I already know. 0 Scene 4d: Caballero seréis (duet) 4:02 (Beatriz) Pinzón: El día diez de octubre es decisivo. Pinzón: The date of October 10th is decisive. (Isabella, Columbus) 0 ¡Tierra! 2:04 Colón: Ya lo sé. Pero otros lo serán más. Columbus: I already know. But others will be even ! more decisive. Scene 5: ¡Tenemos miedo! 1:35 (Columbus, Beatriz, Sailors, Pinzón, Rodrigo) Marineros: Navegamos hacia la noche, navegamos Sailors: We are sailing towards the darkness, we are (Sailors, Pinzón) ! Scene 9: Epílogo: En las Indias 7:59 hacia el infierno. sailing towards hell. @ Scene 6: En el Puerto de Palos 15:46 (Indians, Isabella, Columbus, Marchena, Colón: ¿Por qué retroceder? Columbus: Why should we turn back? Pinzón: ¿Qué les digo a los hombres? Pinzón: What should I tell the men? (Pinzón, Neighbours, Columbus, Marchena) Sailors) Colón: Que esperen hora a hora solamente dos días. Si Columbus: Tell them to wait, hour by hour, for only se cumplen sin suerte, volveremos las proas hacia two more days. If those days pass by without luck, we España, y yo en ese caso estaré muerto. 8.660237-38 26 3 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 4

Leonardo Balada (b. 1933) Colón: ¿Por qué os pusisteis de mi parte entonces? Columbus: Why did you come to my defense, then? Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus) Pinzón: Porque un hombre que empeña su palabra debe Pinzón: Because a man that makes a promise should cumplirla hasta el final. ¡Eso os reprocho ahora! stick to his word until the end. That is why I am One of the preoccupations I supported by textures and experimental sounds typical blaming you now! have had during the last few of the previous decade. Homages to Casals and Colón: ¿Qué decís? ¿Seréis acaso vos el cabecilla? Columbus: What are you talking about? Are you years has been the relentless Sarasate for orchestra was the first of these maybe the ringleader? speeding of our society toward compositions. Now, with the addition of lyrical Pinzón: Yo sé que falseáis en ese libro el número de Pinzón: I know that you write lies in that log about the an alarming cultural melodies to my palette, composing operas made sense to leguas que andamos cada día. number of leagues that we travel every day. uniformity. This fact has me. The cantata Torquemada (1980) was a prelude to Colón: Mis cálculos son otros que los vuestros. Sobre Columbus: My calculations are different from yours. influenced my aesthetic the chamber opera Hangman, Hangman! (1982) nosotros cruzan aves de larga cola; y en el mar ballenas Above us cross birds with long tails; and the whales are position in that it has spurred (8.557090) in which lyrical lines are of importance, que bogan costeando; son los mensajes de una tierra following the coastline, right beneath the surface. Those my affinity with ethnic followed, in 1984 by the dramatic opera Zapata which próxima. signs mean that land is nearby! dimensions. While I was used even more lyrical and folkloric ideas. Pinzón: ¡Pero la tierra no aparece! ¡Treinta días Pinzón: But the land does not appear! Thirty days on composing the opera, we were Cristóbal Colón is the culmination of that process. llevamos ya! ¡Rectificad el rumbo! ¡Seguid el vuelo de the sea already! Correct the course! You follow the path at the dawn of the 21st century Free from preconceptions, the voices sing unrestricted las aves porque os halláis perdido! ¡Estoy hablando en of the birds because you are lost! I am speaking on and one might have expected lyrical lines. The orchestra, on the other hand, making nombre de la tripulación! Por mi palabra se embarcó, behalf of the crew! They embarked because of my Photo: Kenneth Andreyo Cristóbal Colón to be futuristic use of the techniques of previous decades, underlines no por la vuestra. word, not yours. and full of tomorrow’s technological imageries. Instead, the tensions of any given moment. Ethnic and medieval Colón: A mí se me confió esta breve armada. Yo soy Columbus: This small fleet was entrusted to me. I am I chose to portray a world that balances technological colours intermingle with avant-garde sonorities in a quien la manda. ¡Don Cristóbal Colón. Almirante, the one in charge. Don Christopher Columbus. Admiral, progress and space trips on the one hand with cultural balance of two worlds in synthesis. Philosophically, it is Gobernador, Virrey! Governor, Viceroy! and ethnic traditions on the other. Accordingly, with this this balance that I long for in our society: a Pinzón: ¿Dónde está la tierra prometida que tanto Pinzón: Where are the promised lands of which your precept in mind, I have created an opera in which the reconciliation of past, present, and future. alardea vuestra raza? race boasts so much? music looks to the future but also echoes the past. Cristóbal Colón is the result of the idea and Colón: [señalando al mar] Ésta es mi tierra prometida. Columbus: [pointing at the sea] This is my promised To me, the important elements in opera are the initiative of the promoter Aquiles Garcia Tuero and was No olvidéis, hasta que el agua nos sepulte a vos y a mí, land. Don’t forget, until the water buries you and me, I identification of dramatic moments by the orchestra brought to completion under the patronage of the yo seré vuestro superior. [Colón tiene un momento de will be your superior! [Columbus has a moment of along with the vocal lyricism of the singers. Given the Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario, a government reflexión] ¡Timonel, rectificar el rumbo! ¡Siguiendo el reflection] Helmsman, correct the course! Follow the importance of the latter, why would a composer who agency created for the celebration of the 500th vuelo de las aves! flight of the birds! does not consider melody a vital component of his style anniversary of the discovery of America. The purpose of choose to write an opera? From 1966 to 1975, my the opera was to commemorate, in an artistic way, that 6 Escena II-6 Scene II-6 musical language was “avant-garde”, so to speak, unprecedented historical event. ¡Almirante! (aria) Admiral! (aria) avoiding obvious melodic lines. Thus, composing an The opera was conceived in August 1984 during [Colón recuerda las animosas palabras de la Reina] [Columbus remembers the encouragement in the words opera was out of the question. Accordingly, my interest five intense days of planning with playwright Antonio of the Queen] in the musical drama expressed itself in the form of Gala in Madrid. After that Gala wrote the text. While I cantatas, in which narrators took the place of vocal was composing the music, we made changes from time Isabella: Comenzaron los ángeles a ensayar sus Isabella: The angels started to rehearse their beautiful soloists and choruses sang texturally, with guttural to time in a spirit of respect and cooperation. A pile of hermosas melodías. Agradeced a Dios que previno melodies. Thank God that He foresaw from eternity the effects rather than lyrically. During this period, I sketches and manuscripts suggests a lot of revisions. desde la eternidad el momento en que nos moment in which we would meet. A moment that will composed Maria Sabina (1969) (Naxos 8.570425) with Trips to Madrid, New York, Vienna, Barcelona, and encontráramos. Un momento que no se olvidará. Yo os not be forgotten. I send you, Admiral, to take the good a text by C. J. Cela, Las Moradas (1970), based on the Pamplona to go over the score with José Carreras and mando mi almirante a llevar la buena nueva, a esas news, to those undiscovered lands that are awaiting our book by Santa Teresa of Avila, and No-Res (1974), a Montserrat Caballé, the principal singers, show that the tierras agazapadas que esperan nuestra luz. Sois la cruz light. You are the cross and the spade. Like Archangel protest against death with text by Jean París. opera was composed bearing in mind those artists. y la espada. Como Miguel Arcángel, portáis la gran Michael, we carry the big news of Redemption. Like In 1975, in search of a new dimension to my music, noticia de la Redención. Como Miguel Arcángel, sois la Archangel Michael, you are the victory over the false I incorporated true melody into my language, often Leonardo Balada victoria sobre falsos dioses. Como Migue Arcángel gods. Like Archangel Michael, you have the healing

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dejamos a la orilla todo lo que teníamos. left behind all that we had in our homeland. Synopsis clarifying the origins of his ideas, a map he was given Pinzón: Pero esa esperanza se ve diezmada por la Pinzón: But all that hope seems decimated, by a Cardinal from the Papal Court. Marchena is terquedad y la soberbia. overwhelmed by stubbornness and arrogance. Introduction convinced by the two navigators’ plan and writes a letter Colón: ¡Qué decís! ¡Qué decís! Columbus: What you say! What you say! to Isabella to solicit her backing. (A short interruption The stage setting is the deck of the “Santa Maria”, reminds us of the present moment as the sailors sing a 4 Escena II-4 Scene II-4 captained by Columbus. The time of the action spans the merry song.) Then back in time, Columbus approaches Te conocí una tarde (duetto) I met you one afternoon (duet) departure from Palos and the arrival on American shores the Throne of the Kings and presents the terms required [Colón recuerda a Beatriz] [Columbus remembers Beatriz] culminating in a shout of “Land Ahoy!” and followed for a successful enterprise. Recalling the burdens of the by an epilogue that draws moral and philosophical Granada conquest, Isabella laments “my coffers and Beatriz: Te conocí una tarde junto al río; estabas Beatriz: I met you one afternoon by the river; you were connections as well as giving a brief glimpse of the people are exhausted…goodbye friend”; but she is pensativo viendo correr el agua. Desde ese instante contemplative, watching the flowing water. Since that future. contradicted by the King (“You are too cautious. Castile supe que el agua era mi enemiga y tuve celos de ella. moment, I knew the water was my enemy, and I was Although the stage setting remains fixed, it is the does not risk anything if nothing is discovered”). The jealous of her. characters who evoke a back and forth fluidity of time Queen is convinced. She and Columbus give thanks to Colón: Hemos soñado tantas veces juntos el gozo de Columbus: So many times we have dreamt together the and place in the minds of the audience. God “for He chose the hour and the moment in which esta despedida y sin embargo hoy tenemos tristes el joy of this farewell, but today there is sadness in our we were to meet.” alma y las palabras, el alma y las caricias. souls and words, in our souls and caresses. Act I We are briefly brought back to the harsh reality of Beatriz: Me hablabas de proyectos infinitos y cuando Beatriz: You talked about limitless endeavors. When the moment. On deck, the sailors plot, murmur their todo se puso en contra tuya te entregué mi cuerpo para everything was set against you, I gave you my body to As the opera begins, the women on shore wave goodbye discontent and express their fears, but Pinzón assures hacerte sentir tu poderío. Sé que mi sino es como el let you feel your power. I know that my destiny is like to their sailor men on deck. Although there is an them, drawing a picture of Andalusian colour. A brief agua, el agua que pasa y ahora te vas y me quedo con water, the water that flows by. Now you leave, and I am undercurrent of fear of the unknown, Columbus and but tense dispute between Columbus and Pinzón is un hijo en los brazos. Sé que mi sino es como el agua left with a child in my arms. Like water that flows by. Pinzón pray for a happy voyage. The scene ends with resolved by Marchena’s intervention as the act que pasa. Tú cumple el tuyo, cúmplelo sin secarme las You go and fulfill your mission without drying my Columbus ordering anchors aweigh. concludes amidst singing and dancing. lágrimas. Hoy tenemos tristes el alma y las palabras, el tears. Today we have sadness in our souls and words, The following scene flashes back a year to the alma y las caricias. our souls and caresses. Convent in La Rábida when the Franciscan Fray Act II Colón: Beatriz, hoy tenemos triste el alma. Columbus: Beatriz, today we have sadness in our souls. Antonio de Marchena brings Columbus and Pinzón Beatriz y Colón: [tenemos tristes el alma] y las Beatriz and Columbus: [we have sadness in our souls] together, both having independently conceived the The act’s opening serves as a brief reminder of the palabras, el alma y las palabras, el alma y las caricias. and words, soul and words, soul and caresses. daring enterprise. Columbus, recounting his past and his perspective of time, soon shifting back to the past as dreams of discovering a new route to the East, sings that Columbus’s Jewish origins are recalled and he sees 5 Escena II-5 Scene II-5 there are “Lands to be discovered that call us”. We are images of his people “expelled and being shipped midst [En el presente, en la nave, Pinzón saca a Colón del [In the present, on the ship, Pinzón brings Columbus transported to the domain of the Catholic Monarchs and tears” while a pilgrimage of Jews crosses the stage to a recuerdo] back to reality] hear King Fernando assure us that Aragón is sufficiently desolate song. Once again, time is mirrored in a triple preoccupied with its enterprises in the Mediterranean leave-taking: the women of Palos bidding farewell to Pinzón: ¡Capitán! Quiero hablar de hombre a hombre Pinzón: Captain! I want to speak with you man to man. while Queen Isabella explains that her priority is the their men, the Jews to their homeland, and Columbus to con vos. Quiero pedir cuentas sin que se entere la I want to demand an explanation without the sailors conquest of Granada. And yet she shows a glimmer of his mistress, Beatriz, in Córdoba. marinería. knowing. interest in Columbus’s project (“While the King and I His reverie is soon interrupted by an angry Pinzón Colón: No sois vos quién para pedirme cuentas Columbus: Who are you to come demand an explanation? conquer Granada, the experts will hear your ideas and demanding a change of course and informing Columbus Pinzón: Los hombres están tristes y revueltos. Pinzón: The men are sad and rebellious. They whisper they will decide.”) The experts – an advisor, treasurer, of the crew’s near rebellion. The captain accedes, Murmuran contra vos. against you. general, scientist, and bishop – make negative ordering a change of course to the southeast. That done, Colón: No admito rebeldías en mi nave. Columbus: I don’t permit riots on my ship. comments, while Columbus goes to and fro in an effort he resumes his dreams of the past but they are again Pinzón: Hace tres días sólo que os libré del motín de Pinzón: Three days ago I freed you from the riot of the to persuade them, but the commissioners not only turn broken in on by the increasingly rebellious crew (“Let’s los vizcaínos aquí mismo. Baja es la borda; el mar, Vizcayans right here. The gunwale is low; the sea is him down but brand him a madman. Back at the get rid of the Foreigner!’). Columbus is given two days hambriento; y vos inerte. hungry and you are inert. Convent at La Rábida, it is Pinzón who argues his case, to sight land or the ships will return homeward. In deep

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desolation, Columbus reverts to dreaming of a brighter symbolizes all of humanity. There are prayers of Judíos: Adiós, Adiós. Ésta era nuestra tierra prometida. Judeans: Goodbye, goodbye. That was our promised past. He hears the surreal voice of Beatriz singing a thanksgiving but also intimations of an uncertain future. Aquí nacieron nuestros hijos desde hace cientos de land. Here our children were born hundreds of years lullaby to their little son but also cannot fail to hear the Five hundred years have passed and the most that años. Adiós, Adiós. ago. Goodbye, goodbye. intrusively threatening voices of the sailors. All seems mankind has to cling to is hope. Colón: Converso me llamasteis y converso soy. Una Columbus: You called me a convert, and a convert lost when, on the second day, shouts of “Land Ahoy!” The sequel to this opera, Leonardo Balada’s La nueva Jerusalén levantaremos al otro lado de los mares. indeed I am. We will raise a new Jerusalem at the other are heard. Muerte de Colón (Death of Columbus), spans the period side of the seas. In a kind of epilogue, high-pitched violins and bird from the return from the Indies to Columbus’s death in Judíos: Otra vez al desierto. Adiós, Adiós. Judeans: Again to the desert. Goodbye, goodbye. sounds suggest another world, a world in which a choir Valladolid. This recording is scheduled for release on Colón: Yo salgo ahora como heraldo vuestro en busca Columbus: I depart now as your herald, in the search of Indians contrasts with the larger chorus that Naxos 8.660193-94. de otra tierra prometida. of the other promised land. Mujeres de Palos: Adiós, Adiós. Women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye. Leonardo Balada Judíos (mujeres del coro de judíos): Adiós, adiós. Judeans (women): Goodbye, goodbye. It would be Más valdría morirse de pena en esta playa. better to die of sorrow on this beach. Born in Barcelona on 22nd September 1933, the composer Leonardo Balada graduated from the Conservatorio del Pinzón: Como el día de la partida, veo a mi pueblo Pinzón: As on the day we departed, I see my people Liceu of that city and the Juilliard School in 1960. He studied composition with Vincent Persichetti, Aaron Copland amontonarse a la vera del agua despidiéndonos. Veo a crowded on the shore of the ocean giving farewell. I see and conducting with Igor Markevitch. Since 1970 he has been teaching at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, viudas y a huérfanos aguardando el retorno antes de la the widows and the orphans awaiting the return, before Pennsylvania, where he is University Professor of Composition. Some of his best known works were written in a partida. the trip has even begun. dramatic avant-garde style in the 1960s (Guernica, María Sabina, Steel Symphony). He is credited with pioneering a Mujeres de Palos: Adiós, Adiós, reina del mar. Que Women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye, queen of the blending of ethnic music with later avant-garde techniques, creating a very personal style starting with Sinfonía en vuelvan los hombres sin daño a su hogar. Reina del sea. May the men return without harm to their home. Negro - Homage to Martin Luther King (1968), and Homage to Casals and Sarasate (1975). Balada has received Carmelo, que a ti te veamos juntos en el cielo. Queen of Carmel, may we together see you in the heavens. several international awards and his works are performed by the world’s leading orchestras, including the Pinzón: Volveremos y pondremos tejas de oro en el Pinzón: We will come back and put golden tiles on the Philharmonics of New York, Los Angeles and Israel, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Philharmonia Orchestra of techo de nuestras casas. Dicen adiós a su carne. Dicen roof of your houses. They say goodbye to their flesh. London, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Dallas, Washington D.C., Milwaukee, Oregon, Prague, Düsseldorf, adiós a su sangre. They say goodbye to their blood. Barcelona, São Paulo, and Mexico Symphony Orchestra, the radio orchestras of Leipzig, Berlin, Berne, Madrid, Mujeres de Palos: Que tengáis buenos vientos y no Women from Palos: Let them have favorable winds Hanover, Moscow, Helsinki, Luxembourg, BBC, and Jerusalem, the National Orchestras of Spain, Lyon, Toulouse, tardéis. Adiós. Si tardáis moriremos de pena en esta and no delays. If you delay, we will die of sorrow on Marseille, Ireland, and Colombia, conducted by musicians such as Lorin Maazel, Mstislav Rostropovitch, Frühbeck playa. ¡Ay! this beach. Ay! de Burgos, López-Cobos, Lukas Foss, Mariss Jansons, Jorge Mester, Sergiu Comissiona, Neville Marriner and others. Judíos: Lo que iba a ser eterno se acaba en un día. Judeans: What was going to be eternal now ends in He has been commissioned by many outstanding organizations in the United States and Europe, including the Aspen Adiós, adiós. Más valdría morirse de pena en esta one day. Goodbye, goodbye. It would be better to die of Festival, the San Diego Opera, Teatro Real of Madrid, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Hartford Symphonies, National playa. sorrow on this beach. Endowment for the Arts, Benedum Center for the Performing Arts, the Lausanne Chamber Orchestra, Berlin Radio Colón: Mi raza está siempre diciéndose adiós a sí Columbus: My race is always saying goodbye to Symphony Orchestra, The Millennium of Catalonia, Sociedad Estatal para el V Centenario, the National Orchestra of misma, cansada de estar siempre amargada y errante. herself – tired of being always bitter and wandering. Spain, the Radio TV Orchestra of Madrid, and the Barcelona Symphony Orchestra, among others. He has composed Pinzón: Mi pueblo dice adiós a cuanto ama. Pinzón: My people are saying goodbye to all that they works for artists including Alicia de Larrocha, Lorin Maazel, Mariss Jansons, the American Brass Quintet, the Miro love. String Quartet, Andrés Segovia, Narciso Yepes, Lucero Tena, Angel Romero, and Eliot Fisk, and has collaborated Colón: Pero Dios es el mismo para todos los hombres, Columbus: But God is one for all men, for us and for with artists and writers such as Salvador Dalí and Nobel Prize winner Camilo José Cela. A large number of Leonardo para nosotros y para vosotros y los que habitan tierras you, and for the ones who inhabit future lands. Balada’s compositions are recorded on Deutsche Grammophon, Naxos, Albany and New World Records. These futuras. recordings include Steel Symphony and Music for Oboe and Orchestra with the Pittsburgh Symphony conducted by Judíos y mujeres de Palos: Adiós, adiós, adiós… Judeans and women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye, Lorin Maazel, and the cantatas No-res, Torquemada and María Sabina. His Naxos recording of concertos for piano, goodbye… guitar and flute (Naxos 8.555039) was selected by Amazon.com as one of the Ten Best recordings of 2001 for classic instrumental music and also won the prestigious Rosette award granted by the Penguin Guide to Compact Discs. 3 Escena II-3 Scene II-3 Balada’s large list of works includes, in addition to chamber and symphonic compositions, cantatas, two chamber [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] and four full length operas, Zapata, Christopher Columbus, its sequel Death of Columbus, and Faust-bal. Christopher Columbus had its première in Barcelona in 1989 with José Carreras and Montserrat Caballé singing the leading rôles Colón: Grande tiene que ser nuestra esperanza porque Columbus: Our hope must be great, because we have

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Pinzón: Alegraros porque está cerca el día de la fortuna Pinzón: Be happy, because the day of richness and and attracted international attention. The Death of Columbus will be released in 2009 by Naxos Records performed by y dicha. happiness is near. Carreras and Caballé. Faust-bal, commissioned by the Teatro Real of Madrid, had its première in February 2009. This Vecinos: A carenar, a reparar las naves. Neighbours: Let us prepare, and repair the ships. is a 21st century interpretation of the classical Faust, with libretto by the surrealist Fernando Arrabal. World première Colón: La Niña, la Pinta y la Marigalante serán las tres Columbus: The Niña, The Pinta and the Marigalante will performances during the 2007-08 season included works by the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (a concerto for naves. La Marigalante será la Capitana, y llevará el be the three ships. The Marigalante will be the captain’s three cellos and orchestra), the Hungarian Chamber Symphony Orchestra (a work for string orchestra), a work for Jeff nombre de Santa María. ship, and thus it now shall bear the name Santa Maria. Turner (double bass and the Pittsburgh Symphony Chamber Orchestra.) and two chamber operas at the Teatro de la Vecinos: Santa María. Neighbours: Santa Maria. Zarzuela in Madrid and Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. Vecinos: Ni mujeres ni curas ni frailes subirán a las Neighbours: No women, no priests, no monks, should naves cuando partan. Es un viaje de hombres fuertes. get on the ships when they depart. It is a trip for strong Antonio Gala Traed provisiones, víveres, agua, vino, luz, leña, men only! Take provisions, food, water, wine, lights, espejuelos, bonetes, abalorios, agujas, alfileres con que wood, lenses, caps, trinkets, needles, pins – all with Although born in Castile-La Mancha in 1930, the Spanish poet, playwright and novelist Antonio Gala moved very comprar el oro y especias. La Niña, la Pinta, la Santa which to buy gold and spices. The Niña, the Pinta and soon to Cordoba and is widely considered an Andalusian. A graduate in law, philosophy, politics and economics, he María. the Santa Maria. has written in a wide variety of genres. He has been awarded several prizes in the field of poetry, including the Prize Vecinos, Colón y Pinzón: Ni mujeres ni curas ni frailes Neighbours, Columbus and Pinzón: No women, no Adonais (1959), and in theatre the National Theatre Prize Calderon de la Barca (1963). He started to write novels subirán a las naves. priests, no monks, should get on the ships. late in life, but had overwhelming success with the Crimson Manuscript, which won the Planeta Prize in 1990. He is Vecinos: Traemos agua, vino, cordajes; traemos leña, Neighbours: We bring water, wine, clothes; we bring the current president of the International Theatre Institute. traemos bonetes y traemos agujas de mil colores con wood, caps and needles of thousands of colors with que comprar las especias y el oro. Alegraos amigos, which to buy spices and gold. Be happy, my friends, the José Carreras (Cristóbal Colón) está cerca el día, el día de la fortuna y de la dicha. day is near, the day of richness and happiness. José Carreras occupies a privileged position in the music world. Born in Barcelona, he studied music in his hometown. In 1970 he started his ACTO SEGUNDO SECOND ACT professional career in the Gran Teatre del Liceu of Barcelona in Nabucco and Lucrezia Borgia. His meteoric musical career resulted in early débuts Acto II Act II at the world’s most prestigious opera theatres and festivals, including La 1 Escena II-1 Scene II-1 Scala of Milan, the New York Metropolitan Opera House, San Francisco [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] Opera, the Vienna Staatsoper, London’s Royal Opera House, Munich Opera, Chicago’s Lyric Opera, and the Festivals of Salzburg, Aix-en- Pinzón: Algún atardecer vuelvo el rostro hacia atrás. Pinzón: Some evenings I look back, with my face turned. Provence, Edinburgh and Verona. José Carreras has collaborated with the Busco mi pueblo blanco y sólo veo estelas. I search for my white village, but I see only vapor trails. most renowned orchestral conductors including Herbert von Karajan, Colón: Grande tiene que ser nuestra esperanza, porque Columbus: Our hope must be great, because we have Photo: Antonio Bofill Claudio Abbado, Riccardo Muti, Lorin Maazel, Riccardo Chailly, Colin hemos dejado en tierra tantas cosas. left so many things behind in our homeland. Davis, Giuseppe Sinopoli, James Levine, Carlo Maria Giulini, Leonard Bernstein and Zubin Metha, and with pre- Pinzón: Ahora sólo tenemos días indiferentes y de Pinzón: During the days we feel only indifference, and eminent stage directors such as Franco Zeffirelli, Jean Pierre Ponnelle, Giorgio Strehler, Luigi Comencini and noche el recuerdo de cuanto no trajimos. at night there is the memory of all those things that we Harold Prince. His repertoire includes over sixty operas, notably Andrea Chénier, La Bohème, Tosca, Werther, Don didn’t bring with us. Carlo, Carmen, La forza del destino, Pagliacci, L’elisir d’amore and Un ballo in maschera. He has performed the Colón: Como el día de la partida. Veo a mi raza Columbus: It is like the day we embarked. I see my leading rôle in several operatic films for television, cinema and video. Together with his opera activities, he has expulsada, como a mi propia familia hace sesenta años, expatriate race – like my own family sixty years ago, given frequent recitals in the world’s most famous halls. His wide concert repertoire includes over six hundred titles saliendo de su casa aragonesa. leaving their house in Aragon. of the most diverse styles ranging from the baroque to contemporary music. He has been awarded numerous national and international prizes and distinctions, and is Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and 2 Escena II-2 Scene II-2 Chevalier dans l’Ordre de la Légion d’Honneur de la République Française, among many other honours. In 2004 he ¡Adiós! Good-bye! received the Civil Order Golden Cross of the Social Solidarity bestowed by Her Majesty the Queen of Spain, Doña [Vuelta al pasado] [Back to the past] Sofía and since 1988 has presided with total dedication and enthusiasm over the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation established in Barcelona with branches in the United States, Switzerland and Germany. Currently his Leukaemia Foundation is one of his most important goals and priorities. 8.660237-38 22 7 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 8

Montserrat Caballé (Reina Isabel) Colón: Pinzón, oídme todos, obedeceréis a sus altezas, Columbus: Pinzón, listen to me everyone, obey the haré míos el poder y la gloria. royal wishes. I will make the power and the glory mine. Montserrat Caballé’s international career began in 1965, when she was Vecinos: Váyase, váyase el extranjero en hora mala. Neighbours: Go away, damn you! That stranger should asked at short notice to learn the title rôle in Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia, Los marineros de Palos tienen las manos limpias. go away. The sailors of Palos have their hands clean. for a concert performance in Carnegie Hall, a feat that won the widest Váyase, en hora mala. Go away, damn you! critical acclaim. Since then, she has sung in all the great opera houses and Marchena: Colón, Pinzón, bajo la corona la empresa es Marchena: Columbus, Pinzón, under the Crown the concert halls throughout the world, appearing with the most famous más segura. venture is safer. orchestras and under the baton of Herbert von Karajan, Leonard Bernstein, Colón: Traigo mandato de los reyes. Nada se hará sin Columbus: I have orders from the monarchs. Nothing Zubin Mehta, Claudio Abbado, James Levine, Seiji Ozawa, Sir Georg mí. will be done without me. Solti, Sir Colin Davis, Riccardo Muti and Carlo Maria Giulini, among Pinzón: Aquí yo soy el rey. Pinzón: I am the king here. others. Montserrat Caballé’s repertoire is enormous, with stage rôles Colón: Echaré mano de los presos. Columbus: I will use the prisoners. numbering nearly ninety, and she has made more than eighty recordings. Pinzón: Os asesinarán. Después de que supe que erais Pinzón: They will murder you. After knowing that you Photo: Antonio Bofill Her leading rôles range from Luisa Miller to Salome, from Pamina to converso me temí la traición. were formerly a Jew, but are now a Christian, I have Isolde, but she remains best known for her bel canto rôles in Donizetti and Bellini, successor to Maria Callas and been afraid of an act of treachery. Joan Sutherland. She has also done much to explore less familiar repertoire, including Gluck’s Armide, Salieri’s Les Colón: Llevo catorce años esperando y no consentiré Columbus: I have been waiting fourteen years and I Danaïdes, Paccini’s Saffo, Spontini’s La Vestale and Agnese di Hohenstaufen, Massenet’s Hérodiade, Cherubini’s que nadie malogre este instante. will not allow anyone to spoil this moment. Médée and Démophon, Rossini’s Ermione and Il viaggio a Reims, Donizetti’s Sancia di Castiglia and Respighi’s La Pinzón: Sin necesidad de cartas reales, dentro de un Pinzón: Without need of royal letters, we will be Fiamma. Montserrat Caballé is the holder of numerous international honours and awards including the Order of mes saldremos a la mar. sailing in one month. Doña Isabel la Católica, and the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres, among many other distinctions, national and Colón: Seríais un proscrito al que se perseguiría y Columbus: You would be an outlaw who would be international. She remains one of the greatest singers of her generation. cazaría. Las órdenes son esas. chased and caught. Those are the orders. Pinzón: Y esos son mis hombres, y esos mis barcos. La Pinzón: And those are my men, and those are my ships. Carlos Chausson (Pinzón) corona requiere los brazos de sus súbditos y sin ellos no The kingdom requires the arms of its subjects, and existen el poder, esas cartas, ni vos. without them there is no such thing as power, those The Spanish baritone Carlos Chausson was born in Zaragoza. He studied at the Escuela Vecinos: Váyase el extranjero, váyase en hora mala, letters, or yourself. Superior de Canto in Madrid and then moved to the United States, taking his Master of váyase, váyase el extranjero en hora mala. Los Neighbours: Make that stranger go away, go away Music degree at the University of Michigan. He has won distinction for his buffo Italian marineros de Palos tienen las manos limpias. Váyase... damn you! Go away, go away, stranger, damn you! The rôles and his performances of Mozart. He has been a guest artist at the Zurich Opera house Marchena: Reflexionar, debéis unir las fuerzas de sailors of Palos have their hands clean. Go away… for the last twelve consecutive seasons where he has sung his whole repertoire under ambos. Marchena: Reflect. You should join forces together. important conductors such as Nikolas Harnoncourt and Nello Santi. He has also sung in the Vecinos: Reflexionar, reflexionar,... Neighbours: Reflect, reflect… most important opera houses throughout the world, including La Scala, Milan, the New Marchena: La humanidad entera está pendiente de Marchena: The whole world is waiting for you two. York Metropolitan Opera, La Bastille, Munich Staatsoper, Teatro Liceu and the Madrid vosotros dos. Reflexionar. Debéis cumplir el pacto de la Reflect. You should fulfill the pact of the Rabida. Teatro Real, under such conductors as Abbado, Lopez-Cobos, Maurizio Benini, Palumbo, Rábida. Reflexionar. Reflect. and Fischer. Carlos Chausson has shared the stage with such artists as Plácido Domingo, Colón: Tenéis razón, tenéis razón. Columbus: You are right, you are right. Monserrat Caballé, Jennifer Larmore, Ileana Cotrubas, Beverly Sills, Ruggero Raimondi, Pinzón: ¿Le doy la mano? Pinzón: Should I shake his hand? and Carlos Alvarez, among others. He has made a large number of recordings and DVDs, Vecinos: ¡Sí! Neighbours: Yes! including El Gato Montés, La Francisquita and Merlín with Plácido Domingo and Carlos Pinzón: ¡Ojalá sea para siempre! Pinzón: I hope this is forever! Álvarez, Le maschere di Mascagni made for German TV, La belle Hélène (Offenbach) and Marchena: El señor os bendiga. Bendito el que navega Marchena: God bless you. Blessed is the one who sails Le nozze di Figaro (the rôle of Figaro), under Harnoncourt. He has also collaborated in the DVDs Le nozze di en nombre del señor. in the name of God. Figaro, Così fan tutte, La belle Hélène and Il barbiere di Siviglia, under Nello Santi. He has been honoured as Vecinos: Bendito sea. Neighbours: Be blessed. Mejor Artista Lírico in the 2007 season, awarded by the Fundación de Premios Líricos del Teatro Campoamor 2008. Danza Dance

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Coro Marineros: Miedo, tenemos miedo. Los vientos Choir of sailors: Fear – we have fear. The favorable Luis Álvarez (Fray Antonio de Marchena) favorables son vientos adversos. Miedo, tenemos winds are adversarial winds. Fear – we have fear. We miedo. Nos alejamos de la seguridad y de la vida, are distancing ourselves from security and from life, Luis Álvarez graduated from the Escuela Superior de Canto de Madrid. He has collaborated with the groups Sema, miedo, miedo... Ay! Aquí no estuvo antes ningún fear, fear… Ay! No man has ever been here before. We Hesperion XX, Pro Mvsica Antiqva de Madrid, La Stravaganza, Pigmalion and Lírica XVIII, touring throughout hombre. Tenemos casi ciegos los ojos de mirar las olas are almost blind from staring at empty waves. Our Europe and America, with many broadcasts, television appearances and recordings. He is a regular soloist with the vacías. Tenemos casi ciego el corazón de añorar nuestra hearts too are almost blind from homesickness. They principal Spanish orchestras and has performed at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, with the orchestras of the RAI in tierra. Dicen que nunca recuperaremos el rumbo del say we shall never find our way back We shall navigate Italy, Radio Holland, and the Suisse Romande, among others, often singing in premières of works by contemporary regreso, que seguiremos navegando sin fin hasta que forever until we die, one after another. Fear – we have composers. He takes part regularly in the opera seasons of the principal Spanish theatres, including, among others, muramos uno a uno. Miedo, tenemos miedo, somos fear. We are human beings, we are not gods. Pinzón, we the Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, and the Teatro de la Maestranza in Seville. He has contributed to the revival of hombres no somos dioses. Pinzón, sólo en ti confiamos, only trust in you. We came only because of you – only forgotten stage works and at the Teatro Lírico Nacional la Zarzuela has appeared in premières of Sin demonio no sólo por ti vinimos, sólo por ti vinimos. because of you! hay fortuna, by Jorge Fernández Guerra y Leopoldo Alas, Fígaro, by José Ramón Encinar, and El viajero indiscreto Pinzón: Hombres de poca fe, recordad, recordad. Pinzón: Men of poor faith, remember, remember. and La madre invita a comer, by Luis de Pablo and Vicente Molina Foix.

@ Escena I-6 Scene I-6 Stefano Palatchi (Rey Fernando) En el Puerto de Palos At the Port of Palos [Vuelta al pasado. El pueblo de Palos en la vera del [Back to the past. The people of Palos, on the sea Stefano Palatchi was born in Barcelona. Since his first appearance at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in 1986 he has mar.] coast.] appeared there frequently singing in more than thirty operas. He sang in Paris in the world revival performance of Una cosa rara by Martín y Soler and also in Lucrezia Borgia with Joan Sutherland and Alfredo Kraus at the Théâtre Pinzón: Todo empezó, todo empezó una clara mañana Pinzón: It all started, it all started one clear morning at des Champs-Elysées. He has appeared in the principal theatres of Spain, Europe and America, including the en el puerto de Palos. the Port of Palos. Metropolitan Opera in New York, under conductors including Bonynge, Oren, López-Cobos and with artists such as Coro de vecinas: Vecinas, vecinas cosiendo velas, Choir of neighbours: Neighbours, neighbours sewing Domingo, Milnes, Alagna, and Bartoli, among others. vecinas, vecinas se nos va la vida que se nos va, que se sails, neighbours, neighbours, life is going away, life is nos va la vida. going away. Miguel Solá (Consejero) Pinzón: Oídme, amigos. Tienen razón vuestras Pinzón: Listen to me, friends. Your wives are right. mujeres. Más allá de la mar hay tierras donde los Beyond the sea, there are lands where the mountains are Miguel Solá studied music at the Madrid Conservatory where at graduation he won the first prize in singing. His montes son de oro y donde corren fuentes de leche y made of gold, and where lakes of milk and honey flow, musical career has been varied and extensive. He has participated in concerts, operas, polyphony, zarzuelas and miel como en el Paraíso. Las minas del Rey Salomón as in Paradise. The mines of King Solomon with the oratorios with the principal Spanish orchestras. The latest of his recordings was of La Revoltosa and La Gran Via con parpadeos de diamantes os hacen guiños. Hay una glittering of diamonds are beckoning to us with their with Plácido Domingo. He has performed in many theatres, including the Madrid Teatro Real, the Teatro de la isla de perlas que nadie se agacha a coger, bosques de treasures. There is an island filled with pearls that Maestranza in Seville and the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. He performed the rôle of Figaro in the première corales, frutos de rubíes y azabaches. Es como en el nobody bends to pick up, forests of corrals, fruits of of an opera by José Ramón Encinar, and appeared in the zarzuela El Gato Montes by Penella with Domingo at the Paraíso. Pero acaso prefiráis vuestra miseria y cobardía. rubies and black jets. It is like Paradise. Or would you Madrid Teatro de la Zarzuela, the Teatro de La Maestranza in Seville, and in Tokyo. He was invited to participate in Andad conmigo, venid. Martín Alonso nunca os ha rather prefer your misery and cowardice? Come travel the Amsterdam Christmas Gala under conductor Riccardo Chailly, televised throughout Europe. He was also invited engañado. Navegaremos en los lomos azules de la mar with me! Martín Alonso has never deceived you. We to the Yehudi Menuhin Festival performing the rôle of Don Bartolo in Il barbiere di Siviglia. In 2000 he was invited y volveremos ricos y llenos de ventura. Vamos en busca will navigate through the blue back of the sea, and we to Bayreuth to perform the principal rôle in Rossini’s opera Mosè in Egitto. In 2003 he was awarded the Federico del oro y de la fama. Ha sonado la hora de la riqueza y will return rich and full of happiness. We are going in Romero prize for his continuing work in opera. His career has brought collaboration with Pavarotti, Kraus, and Joan la gloria, ha sonado la hora, la hora. Embarcaos con search of gold and fame. It is the hour of riches and Pons, and stage directors Zeffirelli, Núria Espert and Emilio Sagi, among others. Martín Alonso y con los otros Pinzones. Marineros de glory; the hour has come, the hour. Embark with Martín Palos, amigos, venid, amigos, venid, ha sonado la hora Alonso and with the other Pinzóns. Sailors of Palos, Juan Pedro García Márquez (Tesorero) de embarcaros con nosotros, de la riqueza y la gloria. friends, come, friends, come, the hour has come to Vecinos, la riqueza y la gloria, la riqueza y la gloria. embark with us, for riches and glory. Neighbours, Juan Pedro García Márquez studied in Madrid with Isabel Penagos. Since his début in Turin in 1981 he has riches and glory await, riches and glory await! performed in Italy, Germany, Holland and the United States. He also took part in the première of El caballero indiscreto by Luís de Pablo at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid and sang the title rôle in the première of the cantata Torquemada by Leonardo Balada. 8.660237-38 20 9 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 10

Jesús Sanz Remiro (General) 9 Escena I-4c Scene I-4c

Jesús Sanz Remiro studied at Madrid’s Escuela Superior de Canto of which he is now director. A well-known bass, Fernando: Demasiado sensata. Nada arriesga Castilla Fernando: You are too prudent. If he discovers he has performed in festivals throughout Europe and America, collaborating with conductors including Menotti, si nada se descubre. Yo creí que Castilla y su Reina nothing, then Castille has risked nothing. I believed that Rudel, López-Cobos and Frühbeck de Burgos. He is founder of the Grupo de Opera y Zarzuela Eurídice, with which eran más luchadoras. Acaso Portugal acepte lo que tú Castille and her Queen had more of a fighting spirit he has toured Europe and America. He has performed at the United Nations and in New York. has rechazado. than that! Just imagine Portugal accepting what you Isabella: Aprisa, aprisa, que vuelva Colón. Ni Castilla have just turned down! Gregorio Poblador (Cientifico) ni él pueden esperar más. Isabella: Quick, quick, call Columbus back. Neither Castille nor he should wait any longer. Gregorio Poblador completed his musical studies in voice at the Real Conservatorio de Madrid and at the Escuela Superior de Canto studying with soprano Teresa Tourné. In 1977 he won third prize in the Francisco Viñas 0 Escena I-4d Scene I-4d Competition and first prize in the Verdi Competition. In 1978 he was selected by RTVE for the Bel Canto Opera Festival in Ostende (Belgium). He has been a member of medieval and baroque music groups, touring in America Caballero seréis (duetto) Knight you shall be (duet) and Europe, with appearances in Rossini’s Petite Messe Solennelle and Monteverdi’s Il combattimento de Tancredi Isabella: Caballero, seréis vos y los que os hereden, os Isabella: Knight, to you and your descendents, I shall e Clorinda at the Madrid Teatro Real. He has also performed at the Semana de Música Religiosa in Cuenca, the donaré yo misma las espuelas doradas. Os llamaré en bestow my golden spurs. I shall call you Don Madrid Autumn Festivals, in the Alicante Festival of Contemporary Music and the London Almeida Festival. He voz alta Don Cristóbal Colón y seréis mi almirante, Christopher Columbus in a loud voice, and you shall be has appeared at the principal Spanish theatres and festivals and for eight years in the Opera Festival of La Corunna. gobernador y virrey. A qué esperáis. Ni Castilla ni vos my Admiral, Governor and Viceroy. What are you podéis esperar. A qué esperáis. waiting for? Neither Castille nor you can wait any Miguel López Galindo (Obispo) longer. What are you waiting for? Colón: A besar la mano más generosa de este mundo. Columbus: To kiss the most generous hand in this Born in Madrid, Miguel López Galindo graduated from the Escuela Superior de Canto in that city. He was the world.... winner of the Primer Concurso Internacional de Canto Julián Gayarre, and also won the first prize for basses at the Isabella: Sois un pordiosero extraño, regaláis reinos y Isabella: You are a strange beggar! You give away Certamen Nacional de Canto Ciudad de Logroño. His professional activities began at the Teatro Lírico Nacional La tenéis buenos modales, y dobláis con elegancia vuestra kingdoms and have good manners, and you bend your Zarzuela, and he made his début at the Teatro Bellas Artes de México with Penella’s Don Gil de Alcalá. He rodilla. knees graciously. appeared with Plácido Domingo in a concert version of Massenet’s Le Cid at the Madrid Teatro Real, and performs Colón: Ante vos solamente Alteza y reina mía, Alteza y Columbus: Only for you my Queen, your highness my regularly at Spanish opera houses and auditoria. He has also appeared at the Buenos Aires Teatro Colón. He appears reina mía, si una razón me faltase para creer en lo que Queen if there were any reason missing to believe regularly at the Liceu in Barcelona and performed in Viva la Mamma, a free adaptation of Donizetti’s Le más deseo, hoy se me cumple pues vos también creéis. fervently in what I most wish, I have it now – for you convenienze teatrali, with Montserrat Caballé and Joan Pons at the Festival Internacional de Peralada in 1990. believe in me too. Isabella: Que comiencen los Ángeles... Isabella: Let the Angels start… Victoria Vergara (Beatriz) Colón: -interrumpiendo a Isabella- Besar la mano más Columbus: – interrupting Isabella – To kiss the most generosa de este mundo, agradezcan a Dios... generous hand in this world, thanks be to God… Victoria Vergara was born in Chile and studied at the Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia as well as at The Isabella: ... a ensayar sus hermosas melodías, Isabella: …to rehearse his beautiful melodies, thanks Juilliard School in New York. With a multifaceted repertoire she has been recognized internationally as a Carmen, agradezcan... -a Dios- be to God. interpreted in the principal opera houses in Europe and America, including the Metropolitan Opera in New York Isabella y Colón: ... porque eligió la hora y el Isabella and Columbus: …because he chose the time conducted by Domingo. Among other rôles worth mentioning are Amneris with Pavarotti in Vienna, and Dulcinea momento. El momento que nadie olvidará. Un and the moment. The moment that nobody will forget. with Samuel Ramey at the New York City Opera. Among the most important world première rôles are the Duchess momento que nadie olvidará. A moment that nobody will forget. of Alba in Menotti’s Goya in Washington, la Dona in Luis de Pablo’s El viajero indiscreto in Madrid, and her present performance as Beatriz in Leonardo Balada’s Cristóbal Colón. Her DVD recordings include Maddalena in ! Escena I-5 Scene I-5 Rigoletto, with Pavarotti, and Carmen with Domingo. In her concert repertoire she has sung the rôle of Carmela in ¡Tenemos miedo! We have fear! El amor brujo by Manuel de Falla at The Juilliard School in New York, at the RAI Auditorium in Rome, in Mexico [En el presente, sobre la cubierta, los marineros [In the present, on the deck of the Santa Maria, the City and in Cadíz at the opening of the Teatro Manuel de Falla. In the concert hall she has sung in Mahler’s Second conspiran descontentos] sailors conspire unhappily] Symphony, Bach’s Magnificat, and Mozart’s Requiem, part of a wide concert repertoire.

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mujer y mis hijas, con cuidado las ordeñarán, harán wife and my daughter will milk the cow with care to Antoni Lluch (Rodrigo de Triana) queso y manteca y en casa las esperaré sin hacer nada y make cheese and butter. At home I will wait for them sentaré a mi mujer en una silla de oro, rico, rico, rico... without doing anything, and I will seat my wife in a Born near Barcelona, Antoni Lluch has appeared in the principal theatres of Spain. His début at the Gran Teatre del golden chair. For I will be rich, rich, rich…! Liceu took place in the 1975-76 season, followed by a career that has brought appearances in operas including Poliuto, Mefistofele, I due Foscari, Benvenuto Cellini, Elektra, Wozzeck, Attila, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Boris 7 Escena I-4a Scene I-4a Godunov, and Khovanschina. [El trono de los Reyes iluminado. Vuelta al pasado.] [The illuminated throne of the Kings. In the past again.] Chorus, Gran Teatre del Liceu Fernando: Las flechas de Fernando y el yugo de Fernando: The arrows of Fernando and the yoke of Isabella coronan ya la Alhambra, tanto monta, monta Isabella already crown Alhambra. Equally to each is the In the 1960s the chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu was consolidated under the leadership of Riccardo Bottino. In tanto, cubre los azulejos nazaríes. power, covering the glazed tiles. 1982 Romano Gandolfi and Vittorio Sicuri took charge and at present the director is José Luis Basso. The chorus Isabella: Ya podéis hablar de tierras nuevas, decidnos Isabella: You can now speak of new lands. Tell us has performed not only in operatic works but also in concert repertoire, and has also appeared at the Teatro Real in pues qué nos pedís a cambio. what you ask in exchange. Madrid, Les Arènes de Nîmes, in Paris and at La Fenice in Venice. Colón: Quiero que se me arme ante todos caballero con Columbus: I want to be knighted in front of everyone espuelas de oro. Quiero el título de Almirante Mayor. with spurs of gold. I want the title of Head Admiral. I Romano Gandolfi (1933-2006) Quiero ser Virrey y Gobernador perpetuo de cuantos want to be Viceroy and Governor for life of all territorios sean encontrados. Quiero la décima parte de territories that I find. Also, I want a ten percent share of The chorus director Romano Gandolfi was born in Parma. Before becoming Chorus Master at the Gran Teatre del las rentas reales. all royal bounty that we claim. Liceu he was for more than a decade choral director at La Scala, Milan, where he also served as an orchestral conductor. He conducted operatic performances in the principal Italian theaters, the United States and the Teatro 8 Escena I-4b Scene I-4b Colón in Buenos Aires. He recorded for Decca.

Ahora comprendo (aria) Now I understand (aria) Vittorio Sicuri (1938-2001) Isabella: Ahora comprendo que a un hombre nunca es Isabella: Now I understand that it is not good to make a bueno hacerle esperar. Ahora comprendo por qué os man wait. Now I comprehend why you were called The chorus master Vittorio Sicuri was born in Parma. He was director of the chorus of La Scala, Milan, before llamaron soñador mis sabios. Soñador. Jamás se vio a dreamer by our wise men. Dreamer. Never has there been becoming director of the chorus at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in 1982. In 1990 he was appointed director of choruses un mendigo un reino pedir, un reino pedir, un reino que a beggar asking for a kingdom, asking for a kingdom, a at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze-Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, where he conducted symphonic-choral concerts aún no existe. Creí que nos entenderíamos. Habríamos kingdom that yet does not exist. I believed that we would with the resident orchestra. In 1992 he was in charge of the Teatro La Fenice of Venice and in 1998 started work as juntado nuestras pobrezas. Yo, Isabella de Castilla la understand each other. We would have joined our permanent choral conductor of the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires. Sicuri worked in direct contact with composers mendiga y vos Cristóbal Colón que solo ofrece poverties. I, Isabella of Castille, the beggar, and you, such as Stockhausen, Pendereki, Nono, Bussotti and Berio during the world premières of their works. ensueños. Esta exhausto mi pueblo, mi pueblo; Christopher Columbus, who only offers dreams. My agotadas mis arcas, mis arcas; y empeñadas mis joyas. people are exhausted; My treasuries are empty; and my Symphony Orchestra, Gran Teatre del Liceu Vos y yo tal vez seamos locos y el mundo quizás deba jewelry is pawned. You and I might be crazy, and the quedarse como está. Está exhausto mi pueblo, mi world perhaps should remain as it is. My people are Throughout its long history the Symphony Orchestra of the Gran Teatre del Liceu has been conducted by pueblo, agotadas mis arcas, mis arcas, y empeñadas mis exhausted, my people; my treasuries are empty, my internationally renowned guest conductors, including Antal Doráti, Manuel de Falla, Alexander Glazunov, Otto joyas,... Creo que Dios no eligió buen día para que vos treasuries; and my jewelry is pawned… I believe that God Klemperer, Ottorino Respighi, Georges Sebastian, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Arturo Toscanini, and Bruno y yo nos encontráramos. Castilla siempre soñó con did not choose a good day for you and me to meet. Castille Walter. In more recent years the orchestra has been conducted by Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Jesús López-Cobos, echarse a la mar. Esperaremos más tiempo aún, amigo, always dreamt of going to sea. We shall wait some more Riccardo Muti, and Václav Neumann, among others. The present music director is Sebastian Weigle. amigo. Está exhausto mi pueblo, mi pueblo, agotadas time, my dear friend. My people are exhausted; My las arcas... Castilla esperará. Adiós, Colón mi amigo, treasures are empty… At this time, Castille shall wait. que la suerte os acompañe. Adiós. Goodbye, Columbus my friend, may luck go with you. Goodbye.

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Theo Alcántara promesas, juzgamos tus ofertas dignas de repulsa. your promises. We judge your offers worth rebuffing. Cuanto se arriesgue en esta empresa que tú propones, se Whatever we risk in this project will be lost, and the Throughout his career Theo Alcántara has held positions with leading musical organizations in Europe and the perderá y la autoridad real se desprestigiaría. Nuestra royal authority will be discredited. Our answer is: No, Americas. These have included tenures as conductor with the Frankfurt Opera, Music Director of the Grand Rapids respuesta es: No, no, no... no, no… Symphony, Music Director of the Phoenix Symphony, Principal Conductor of the Pittsburgh Opera, Artistic Director of the Bilbao Symphony, Principal Guest Conductor of the National Orchestra of Spain, Artistic Director 5 Escena I-2d Scene I-2d of the Caracas Opera, Artistic Director of the Music Academy of the West Summer Festival in Santa Barbara, [En la Rábida] [In the Rabida] California, and Artistic Advisor and Chief Conductor of the Buenos Aires Philharmonic and the Orchestra of the Teatro Colón. He also enjoys a distinguished reputation as a guest conductor, having appeared with the Philadelphia Marchena: Comprendo vuestra pena, lleváis muchos Marchena: I understand your sorrow. After so many Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, the Pittsburgh Symphony, Dallas Symphony, Baltimore Symphony, San Diego años en esta labor abrumadora de convencer a sordos. years spent in this overwhelming task of convincing Symphony, Rochester Philharmonic, Utah Symphony, Florida Philharmonic, New Orleans Symphony, Vancouver Vuestra desolación es justa. Hablad vos Martín Alonso. those who are deaf to your pleas, your desolation is Symphony, Calgary Philharmonic, Oregon Symphony, Seattle Symphony, Puerto Rico Symphony, National Pinzón: Ese es mi nombre, Martín Alonso Pinzón, ese justified. Speak, Martin Alonso. Symphony of Mexico, Hong Kong Philharmonic, Radio Symphony Orchestra Berlin, the Spanish Radio and es mi nombre. Mis padres, mis hermanos, yo y mis Pinzón: That is my name, Martin Alonso Pinzón. That Television Orchestra, Copenhagen Radio Orchestra, the Simon Bolivar Orchestra of Caracas, Venezuela, Municipal hijos somos gente del mar. Andalucía es hermosa como is my name. My fathers, my siblings, my children, and I Orchestra of Taipei in a tour of China, Barcelona Symphony, Salzburg Camerata Academica, and the Paris Radio un sueño que no podemos soñar. Los grandes señores are all people belonging to the sea. Andalucia is and Television Orchestra. Theo Alcántara has performed with many of the major opera companies throughout the tienen tierras, grandes, tierras. A nosotros nos cupo la beautiful – like a dream that we cannot dream. The United States, Canada, Europe and South America. He has conducted the Metropolitan Opera on tour, the New herencia vacilante del mar. Para esta empresa yo lo powerful lords have the lands, big lands. In our case, York City Opera, the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires, the San Diego Opera, the Teatre Liceu in Barcelona, the arriesgo todo. Tengo alguna nave. Tengo algún dinero y we were left only the fickle inheritance of the sea. For Canadian Opera in Toronto, Puerto Rico Opera, the Madrid Opera, the Miami Opera, the New Orleans Opera, and familia avezada a navegar. Para esta empresa yo lo this adventure, I risk all that I have. I have some ships. I the International Opera Festival in the Canary Islands. Born in the Spanish town of Cuenca, Theo Alcántara began arriesgo todo. Emprendámosla juntos, emprendámosla have some money and a family accustomed to his musical training as a choirboy in a Spanish seminary at the age of seven. Later he received diplomas in piano and juntos, Alonso Pinzón, Cristóbal Colón, Cristóbal navigating. For this adventure, I risk all that I have. composition from the Real Conservatorio de Musica in Madrid, and during that period, toured as a concert pianist Colón, Alonso Pinzón. Escribirán sus nombres juntos Let’s embark on this venture together. Let’s embark on and accompanist throughout Spain, France, and North Africa. He received his diploma in conducting from the sobre la espuma. En todo caso, es algo por lo que valdrá this venture together. Alonso Pinzón, Christopher Akademie Mozarteum in Salzburg, where he also attended the renowned master-classes of Herbert von Karajan. la pena morir. Columbus, Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón. There he was awarded the Lilli Lehmann Medal for his outstanding achievements as a conductor. In 1966 he won They will write their names together on the sea foam! the Silver Medal at the Dimitri Mitropolous International Conducting Competition in New York. In any case, this is something worth dying for. Marchena: Yo soy un pobre astrólogo y creo en Dios y Marchena: I am a poor astrologer, and I believe in God sus astros, y creo en vuestra idea. and his stars. I believe in your ideas. Colón: -interrumpiendo a Marchena- Camino de las Columbus: – interrupting Marchena – Route to the Indias, hay tierras por descubrir. Indies; there are lands to discover. Colón y Pinzón: Emprendamos la empresa juntos. Columbus and Pinzón: Let’s embark on this venture Cristóbal Colón, Alonso Pinzón, Cristóbal Colón, together. Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón, Alonso Pinzón, ... Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón… Marchena: Hoy escribiré a nuestra reina diciéndoselo Marchena: I will write today to the Queen reporting así. Pinzón, Colón. the news in this way. Pinzón, Columbus.

6 Escena I-3 Scene I-3 [En el presente, en la cubierta de la Santa María. Los [In the present, on the deck of the Santa Maria. The hombres cantan.] men sing.]

Coro de marineros: Cuando yo sea rico, compraré una Choir of sailors: When I become rich, I’ll buy some tierra donde paste un rebaño de ovejas y una vaca. Mi land where I can graze a cow and a flock of sheep. My

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doscientos ochenta y dos grados por tierra; por mar, is two hundred and eighty-two grades by land; or by sea, CRISTÓBAL CÓLON CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS setenta y ocho. Y como cada legua tiene cuatro millas... seventy-eight. And since each league has four miles… Libretto text in Spanish by Antonio Gala English translation by Patricia Li and Carson Cooman Tesorero: Yo soy tesorero. El número de millas de Treasurer: I am the treasurer. The number of miles or leguas de grados no engrosa las haciendas, más bien las leagues or grades does not increase the treasury. On the Acto I Act I disminuye. contrary, it diminishes it. 1 Escena I-1 Scene I-1 Colón: -Colón camina hacia donde está el general- Columbus: – Columbus walks towards the General – ¡Salve! Hail! Afirma el profeta Esdras que el mundo tiene siete The prophet Esdras affirms that the world has seven partes: seis de tierra y una sola de agua. parts: six of land and only one of water. [En el presente, las mujeres en la playa, los marineros [In the present; the women are on the beach, the sailors General: Yo soy soldado, soldado y nada más. Las General: I am a soldier. A soldier and nothing more. I en las naves] on the ships] profecías sólo las tengo en cuenta cuando ya ha take into account the prophecies only once they have sucedido lo que profetizaron. already come to pass! Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: Salve, salve ... Women of Palos and Sailors: Hail! Hail!… Consejero, científico, tesorero y obispo: Todo es Advisor, Scientist, Treasurer and Bishop: Everything Colón: Como la ciega estrella alumbra la negrura en Columbus: Like the unseeing star that lightens the confuso en tus palabras. is confusing in your words. mitad del océano yo cumplo mi destino ignorante de blackness in the middle of the ocean, I fulfill my Colón: Habrá hombres nuevos que convertir a Dios. Columbus: There will be new men to convert to God. todo. destiny ignorant of everything. Científico: Yo soy geógrafo y me ocupo de los mapas Scientist: I am a geographer and I am in charge of Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: (Salve, salve... -suena Women of Palos and Sailors: (Hail! hail! – resounding que dibujan lugares existentes. Los nombres maps that chart places that exist. The improbable places de fondo-) Estrella del mar. Reina del mar. Señora de in the background –) Star of the sea. Queen of the sea. improbables no son objeto de mi ciencia. are not a matter of my science. los buenos aires. Dios te salve y nos salve... Lady of the gentle breezes. God bless you, and bless us… Consejero, científico, general, tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: Colón: Hice cuanto pude. Todo está en tus manos Columbus: I have done all I could. Everything is in Todo es confuso en tus palabras, en tus palabras todo es Everything is confusing in your words, in your words timonela divina. your hands, O divine helmswoman. confuso. everything is confusing. Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: ...a nosotros contigo, Women of Palos and Sailors: …we are with you, Colón: -camina hacia el obispo- Allí está el reino de Columbus: – walks towards the bishop – There is the guíanos, no sabemos donde vamos y vemos la muerte guide us, we don’t know where we are heading, and we Saba y los grandes montes de oro. Los reyes que kingdom of Saba and big mountains of gold. The kings más cerca que la vida. Salve, salve, ... see death closer than life. Hail! Hail! conquisten tales tierras serán dueños del mundo. that conquer such lands will be landlords of the world. Pinzón: Reina del cielo. Somos tus hijos humildes, de Pinzón: Queen of the heavens, we are your humble Obispo: Yo soy Obispo confesor de la reina. He Bishop: I am the bishop, confessor to the Queen. I have tus manos nos viene el pan de cada día, remedia sons. From your hands we receive our daily bread. renunciado a todo poderío. Las riquezas se cuentan no renounced the pursuit of all power. Riches can be nuestros males, cubre nuestra pobreza, haz que este Remedy our afflictions, relieve our poverty, and make it las almas. counted, but not souls. extraño viaje nos traiga alegría. Madre del buen amor, possible for this strange voyage to bring us happiness. Consejero, científico, general y tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: haz que volvamos vivos al abrazo caliente de nuestra Mother of all good love, allow us to come back alive to Todo es confuso en tus palabras, en tus palabras todo es Everything is confusing in your words. In your words Andalucía. the warm embrace of our Andalucia. confuso. everything is confusing. Marineros: Que tu manto como una vela nos proteja y Sailors: May your mantle cover us like our ship’s sail, Colón: Es redonda la tierra, es una esfera. Columbus: The Earth is round, like a sphere. sosiegue la ira de los mares porque vemos la muerte and relieve the wrath of the seas. For we see death closer Consejero: Si lo es, vuestros barcos caerán al abismo y Advisor: If so, our ships would fall into the abyss, and más cerca que la vida y nos mantiene sólo la esperanza. than life, and only hope keeps us alive. Hail, hail! You habrá personas opuestas a nosotros que anden cabeza there would be people on the opposite side of the world Salve, salve. Esperanza nuestra Madre del Salvador. who are our hope. You who are our Savior’s Mother. abajo. that walk upside down! Colón: Salve Reina del mundo, desde el fin de esta Columbus: Hail, Queen of the World! From the end of Consejero, científico, general y tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: tierra te suplico que lleves a otra tierra esta nave. the Earth, I beseech that you would take this ship to Loco está, loco está, loco... He is crazy, he is crazy, crazy… Salve Reina del mundo, nunca hasta hoy se hizo another land. Hail, Queen of the World! Never before Colón: No soy un soñador sino un insomne. No un Columbus: I am not a dreamer, but rather an súplica semejante que Dios entregue al hombre, que today has there been such a plea: that God would give inventor sino un predestinado. Nadie me cree. De mano insomniac. I am not an inventor but rather one who was Dios entregue al hombre la redondez del mundo, la to mankind, that God would give to mankind the en mano voy, de fatiga en fatiga. Nadie me cree, que predestined. Nobody believes in me. I beg from hand to redondez del mundo. Salve Reina del mundo, salve, roundness of the world, the roundness of the world. me lo digan claramente, claramente. hand – from one sorrow to another Nobody believes in salve, salve. Hail, Queen of the World! Hail, Hail! me. Tell me that clearly, clearly. Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: Salve, salve... Women of Palos and Sailors: Hail, Hail! You are our Consejero, científico, general, tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: Esperanza nuestra madre del Salvador, salva a tus hijos. hope, O mother of our Savior. Save your sons. Hail, Colón, tras cuatro años de estudio, juzgamos tus Columbus, after four years of study, we have evaluated Salve, salve, salve. hail, hail!

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Colón: ¡En el nombre de Dios, levad las anclas! ¡En el Columbus: In the name of God, lift the anchors! In the 3 Escena I-2b Scene I-2b nombre de Dios! name of God! Marineros: Salve, Estrella del mar, salve Reina del Sailors: Hail, Star of the sea! Hail, Queen of the sea! Fernando: Con Portugal firmamos capitulaciones que Fernando: With Portugal we signed an agreement to mar, salve Señora de los buenos aires. Guíanos, porque Hail, Lady of the gentle breezes. Guide us, for we do marcan sus derechos. settle their rights. no sabemos donde vamos ni sabemos qué not know where we are heading, nor what we are going Isabella: España es como un manto, ocho siglos Isabella: Spain is like a robe: eight centuries trying to encontraremos; porque vemos la muerte más cerca que to encounter. For we see death closer than life, and only llevamos terminándolo y aún le falta un pedazo. make it complete, and it still misses a section. Granada, la vida y nos sostiene sólo la esperanza. Que tu manto hope keeps us alive. May your mantle cover us like our Granada, Granada, Granada. Granada, Granada. como una vela nos proteja y sosiegue la ira de los ship’s sail, and relieve the wrath of the seas. Hail, our Fernando: El reino de Aragón, mi reino, tiene bastante Fernando: The kingdom of Aragon, my kingdom, has mares. Salve Esperanza nuestra, Dios te salve y nos true Hope! God bless you and bless us with you, mar con el Mediterráneo. Las barras de mi escudo hasta enough sea with the Mediterranean. The crest of salve a nosotros contigo, Madre del Salvador. Mother of our Savior. Grecia han llegado y los peces las llevan en sus lomos Aragon reaches all the way to Greece. Even the fish pintadas. carry it, painted on their backs. 2 Escena I-2a Scene I-2a [En el convento de la Rábida, el año anterior] [In the convent of La Rábida, the year before] España ensimismada (aria) Spain looking within itself (aria) Isabella: España ensimismada, España ensimismada va Isabella: Spain, lost in its own thoughts, is going to Padre Fray Antonio de Marchena: Es voluntad de Father Fray Anthony of Marchena: It is the wish of a rematar su historia, va a conquistar Granada, Granada, complete its history, is going to conquer Granada, Dios que os conocierais en el convento de la Rábida. God that we should meet here at the convent of La Granada. Hasta que no concluya esa tarea, esa tarea, no Granada, Granada. Until that task is finished, no other Bueno será que os presentéis porque vuestros corazones Rábida. It would be a good idea if you introduced ha de comenzar otra. Si venís a decirme que va a crecer endeavor should be started. If you come to tell me that tienen la misma ansia y miran vuestros ojos en la yourself, because your hearts share the same eagerness, me asusta y me ilusiona al mismo tiempo porque Spain is going to grow, it both scares and thrills me at misma dirección. and your eyes look in the same direction. España, España ya me parece inmensa, pero sé también the same time, because Spain already seems so que al ama de una casa puede aumentarle los hijos. Yo immense to me. But I also know that a mother can have Es mi nombre Cristóbal (aria) My name is Christopher (aria) no entiendo de leguas, no entiendo de grados marinos, the number of her children increased. I don’t Colón: Es mi nombre Cristóbal y Colón mi apellido. Columbus: I am called Christopher, and Columbus is para mí las estrellas sólo son la voluntad de Dios sobre understand about leagues or fathoms, I don’t understand Siempre que me recuerdo, me recuerdo en la mar. En my family name. Whenever I think of myself, I see los cielos. Pero acepto los hijos que me mande. En la about marine grades or ocean measurements from the Portugal me hirvieron las primeras preguntas. En myself on the sea. In Portugal, the first questions of the ventura y desventura Castilla, Castilla está hecha a salir stars. For me the stars are only the will of God in the Portugal me casé y allí tuve a mi hijo. De Occidente world began to form in my mind. In Portugal, I got de sí misma. Castilla. Los encargos de Dios no le han skies. But I accept the children that He may send to me. llegaban mil mensajes y cadáveres de hombres married, and it was there I had my first child. From the tomado nunca de sorpresa. Mientras el rey y yo Through both fortune and misfortune, Castille is made diferentes. Dios y el destino los mandaban. Estoy west came thousands of messages and corpses of conquistamos Granada, los expertos oirán vuestras to survive itself. The orders of God have never taken seguro que hay camino de las Indias, tierras por different men. God and destiny were sending them. I ideas y decidirán. Adiós buen navegante, que os her by surprise. While the King and I conquer Granada, descubrir que aguardan impacientes y nos llaman y nos am sure that there are lands still to be discovered en escuchen los santos, que os escuchen los sabios. Adiós. the experts will hear your ideas and decide upon them. llaman y nos llaman y nos llaman.- Colón se dirige a route to the Indies. They are awaiting for us impatiently Goodbye, dear explorer, let the saints hear you, let the los reyes- El mundo está de parto, me lo dice la sangre. and calling us and calling us and calling us and calling wise men hear you. Goodbye. El mundo está de parto, me lo dice la sangre. Pero el us. – Columbus talks to the kings – I can feel it within rey portugués no me creyó. En siete largos años nada the depths of my being – the world is about to give birth 4 Escena I-2c Scene I-2c bastó para que me creyeran. Hasta que por abril to something tremendous. But the King of Portugal did La Comisión de Salamanca The Commission of Salamanca Córdoba, Córdoba me recibió y en ella los reyes. Estoy not believe me. Even in seven long years, I could not [Los miembros de la comisión, Colón va de uno en [Members of the commission; Columbus approaches seguro que hay camino de las Indias, tierras por convince them. Until around April, Cordoba received uno] them one by one.] descubrir que nos llaman, que nos llaman, que nos me and the monarchs were there. I am sure that there llaman... are lands still to be discovered en route to the Indies. Colón: Como el sol y la luna, es redonda la tierra. Columbus: Like the sun and the moon, so too is the They are calling us, calling us, calling us… earth round. Consejero: Sobre eso hay discusiones y ninguna Advisor: Regarding that claim, there are discussions, experiencia. but no concrete evidence whatsoever. Colón: Entre España y las Indias la distancia es de Columbus: Between Spain and the Indies the distance

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Colón: ¡En el nombre de Dios, levad las anclas! ¡En el Columbus: In the name of God, lift the anchors! In the 3 Escena I-2b Scene I-2b nombre de Dios! name of God! Marineros: Salve, Estrella del mar, salve Reina del Sailors: Hail, Star of the sea! Hail, Queen of the sea! Fernando: Con Portugal firmamos capitulaciones que Fernando: With Portugal we signed an agreement to mar, salve Señora de los buenos aires. Guíanos, porque Hail, Lady of the gentle breezes. Guide us, for we do marcan sus derechos. settle their rights. no sabemos donde vamos ni sabemos qué not know where we are heading, nor what we are going Isabella: España es como un manto, ocho siglos Isabella: Spain is like a robe: eight centuries trying to encontraremos; porque vemos la muerte más cerca que to encounter. For we see death closer than life, and only llevamos terminándolo y aún le falta un pedazo. make it complete, and it still misses a section. Granada, la vida y nos sostiene sólo la esperanza. Que tu manto hope keeps us alive. May your mantle cover us like our Granada, Granada, Granada. Granada, Granada. como una vela nos proteja y sosiegue la ira de los ship’s sail, and relieve the wrath of the seas. Hail, our Fernando: El reino de Aragón, mi reino, tiene bastante Fernando: The kingdom of Aragon, my kingdom, has mares. Salve Esperanza nuestra, Dios te salve y nos true Hope! God bless you and bless us with you, mar con el Mediterráneo. Las barras de mi escudo hasta enough sea with the Mediterranean. The crest of salve a nosotros contigo, Madre del Salvador. Mother of our Savior. Grecia han llegado y los peces las llevan en sus lomos Aragon reaches all the way to Greece. Even the fish pintadas. carry it, painted on their backs. 2 Escena I-2a Scene I-2a [En el convento de la Rábida, el año anterior] [In the convent of La Rábida, the year before] España ensimismada (aria) Spain looking within itself (aria) Isabella: España ensimismada, España ensimismada va Isabella: Spain, lost in its own thoughts, is going to Padre Fray Antonio de Marchena: Es voluntad de Father Fray Anthony of Marchena: It is the wish of a rematar su historia, va a conquistar Granada, Granada, complete its history, is going to conquer Granada, Dios que os conocierais en el convento de la Rábida. God that we should meet here at the convent of La Granada. Hasta que no concluya esa tarea, esa tarea, no Granada, Granada. Until that task is finished, no other Bueno será que os presentéis porque vuestros corazones Rábida. It would be a good idea if you introduced ha de comenzar otra. Si venís a decirme que va a crecer endeavor should be started. If you come to tell me that tienen la misma ansia y miran vuestros ojos en la yourself, because your hearts share the same eagerness, me asusta y me ilusiona al mismo tiempo porque Spain is going to grow, it both scares and thrills me at misma dirección. and your eyes look in the same direction. España, España ya me parece inmensa, pero sé también the same time, because Spain already seems so que al ama de una casa puede aumentarle los hijos. Yo immense to me. But I also know that a mother can have Es mi nombre Cristóbal (aria) My name is Christopher (aria) no entiendo de leguas, no entiendo de grados marinos, the number of her children increased. I don’t Colón: Es mi nombre Cristóbal y Colón mi apellido. Columbus: I am called Christopher, and Columbus is para mí las estrellas sólo son la voluntad de Dios sobre understand about leagues or fathoms, I don’t understand Siempre que me recuerdo, me recuerdo en la mar. En my family name. Whenever I think of myself, I see los cielos. Pero acepto los hijos que me mande. En la about marine grades or ocean measurements from the Portugal me hirvieron las primeras preguntas. En myself on the sea. In Portugal, the first questions of the ventura y desventura Castilla, Castilla está hecha a salir stars. For me the stars are only the will of God in the Portugal me casé y allí tuve a mi hijo. De Occidente world began to form in my mind. In Portugal, I got de sí misma. Castilla. Los encargos de Dios no le han skies. But I accept the children that He may send to me. llegaban mil mensajes y cadáveres de hombres married, and it was there I had my first child. From the tomado nunca de sorpresa. Mientras el rey y yo Through both fortune and misfortune, Castille is made diferentes. Dios y el destino los mandaban. Estoy west came thousands of messages and corpses of conquistamos Granada, los expertos oirán vuestras to survive itself. The orders of God have never taken seguro que hay camino de las Indias, tierras por different men. God and destiny were sending them. I ideas y decidirán. Adiós buen navegante, que os her by surprise. While the King and I conquer Granada, descubrir que aguardan impacientes y nos llaman y nos am sure that there are lands still to be discovered en escuchen los santos, que os escuchen los sabios. Adiós. the experts will hear your ideas and decide upon them. llaman y nos llaman y nos llaman.- Colón se dirige a route to the Indies. They are awaiting for us impatiently Goodbye, dear explorer, let the saints hear you, let the los reyes- El mundo está de parto, me lo dice la sangre. and calling us and calling us and calling us and calling wise men hear you. Goodbye. El mundo está de parto, me lo dice la sangre. Pero el us. – Columbus talks to the kings – I can feel it within rey portugués no me creyó. En siete largos años nada the depths of my being – the world is about to give birth 4 Escena I-2c Scene I-2c bastó para que me creyeran. Hasta que por abril to something tremendous. But the King of Portugal did La Comisión de Salamanca The Commission of Salamanca Córdoba, Córdoba me recibió y en ella los reyes. Estoy not believe me. Even in seven long years, I could not [Los miembros de la comisión, Colón va de uno en [Members of the commission; Columbus approaches seguro que hay camino de las Indias, tierras por convince them. Until around April, Cordoba received uno] them one by one.] descubrir que nos llaman, que nos llaman, que nos me and the monarchs were there. I am sure that there llaman... are lands still to be discovered en route to the Indies. Colón: Como el sol y la luna, es redonda la tierra. Columbus: Like the sun and the moon, so too is the They are calling us, calling us, calling us… earth round. Consejero: Sobre eso hay discusiones y ninguna Advisor: Regarding that claim, there are discussions, experiencia. but no concrete evidence whatsoever. Colón: Entre España y las Indias la distancia es de Columbus: Between Spain and the Indies the distance

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doscientos ochenta y dos grados por tierra; por mar, is two hundred and eighty-two grades by land; or by sea, CRISTÓBAL CÓLON CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS setenta y ocho. Y como cada legua tiene cuatro millas... seventy-eight. And since each league has four miles… Libretto text in Spanish by Antonio Gala English translation by Patricia Li and Carson Cooman Tesorero: Yo soy tesorero. El número de millas de Treasurer: I am the treasurer. The number of miles or leguas de grados no engrosa las haciendas, más bien las leagues or grades does not increase the treasury. On the Acto I Act I disminuye. contrary, it diminishes it. 1 Escena I-1 Scene I-1 Colón: -Colón camina hacia donde está el general- Columbus: – Columbus walks towards the General – ¡Salve! Hail! Afirma el profeta Esdras que el mundo tiene siete The prophet Esdras affirms that the world has seven partes: seis de tierra y una sola de agua. parts: six of land and only one of water. [En el presente, las mujeres en la playa, los marineros [In the present; the women are on the beach, the sailors General: Yo soy soldado, soldado y nada más. Las General: I am a soldier. A soldier and nothing more. I en las naves] on the ships] profecías sólo las tengo en cuenta cuando ya ha take into account the prophecies only once they have sucedido lo que profetizaron. already come to pass! Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: Salve, salve ... Women of Palos and Sailors: Hail! Hail!… Consejero, científico, tesorero y obispo: Todo es Advisor, Scientist, Treasurer and Bishop: Everything Colón: Como la ciega estrella alumbra la negrura en Columbus: Like the unseeing star that lightens the confuso en tus palabras. is confusing in your words. mitad del océano yo cumplo mi destino ignorante de blackness in the middle of the ocean, I fulfill my Colón: Habrá hombres nuevos que convertir a Dios. Columbus: There will be new men to convert to God. todo. destiny ignorant of everything. Científico: Yo soy geógrafo y me ocupo de los mapas Scientist: I am a geographer and I am in charge of Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: (Salve, salve... -suena Women of Palos and Sailors: (Hail! hail! – resounding que dibujan lugares existentes. Los nombres maps that chart places that exist. The improbable places de fondo-) Estrella del mar. Reina del mar. Señora de in the background –) Star of the sea. Queen of the sea. improbables no son objeto de mi ciencia. are not a matter of my science. los buenos aires. Dios te salve y nos salve... Lady of the gentle breezes. God bless you, and bless us… Consejero, científico, general, tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: Colón: Hice cuanto pude. Todo está en tus manos Columbus: I have done all I could. Everything is in Todo es confuso en tus palabras, en tus palabras todo es Everything is confusing in your words, in your words timonela divina. your hands, O divine helmswoman. confuso. everything is confusing. Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: ...a nosotros contigo, Women of Palos and Sailors: …we are with you, Colón: -camina hacia el obispo- Allí está el reino de Columbus: – walks towards the bishop – There is the guíanos, no sabemos donde vamos y vemos la muerte guide us, we don’t know where we are heading, and we Saba y los grandes montes de oro. Los reyes que kingdom of Saba and big mountains of gold. The kings más cerca que la vida. Salve, salve, ... see death closer than life. Hail! Hail! conquisten tales tierras serán dueños del mundo. that conquer such lands will be landlords of the world. Pinzón: Reina del cielo. Somos tus hijos humildes, de Pinzón: Queen of the heavens, we are your humble Obispo: Yo soy Obispo confesor de la reina. He Bishop: I am the bishop, confessor to the Queen. I have tus manos nos viene el pan de cada día, remedia sons. From your hands we receive our daily bread. renunciado a todo poderío. Las riquezas se cuentan no renounced the pursuit of all power. Riches can be nuestros males, cubre nuestra pobreza, haz que este Remedy our afflictions, relieve our poverty, and make it las almas. counted, but not souls. extraño viaje nos traiga alegría. Madre del buen amor, possible for this strange voyage to bring us happiness. Consejero, científico, general y tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: haz que volvamos vivos al abrazo caliente de nuestra Mother of all good love, allow us to come back alive to Todo es confuso en tus palabras, en tus palabras todo es Everything is confusing in your words. In your words Andalucía. the warm embrace of our Andalucia. confuso. everything is confusing. Marineros: Que tu manto como una vela nos proteja y Sailors: May your mantle cover us like our ship’s sail, Colón: Es redonda la tierra, es una esfera. Columbus: The Earth is round, like a sphere. sosiegue la ira de los mares porque vemos la muerte and relieve the wrath of the seas. For we see death closer Consejero: Si lo es, vuestros barcos caerán al abismo y Advisor: If so, our ships would fall into the abyss, and más cerca que la vida y nos mantiene sólo la esperanza. than life, and only hope keeps us alive. Hail, hail! You habrá personas opuestas a nosotros que anden cabeza there would be people on the opposite side of the world Salve, salve. Esperanza nuestra Madre del Salvador. who are our hope. You who are our Savior’s Mother. abajo. that walk upside down! Colón: Salve Reina del mundo, desde el fin de esta Columbus: Hail, Queen of the World! From the end of Consejero, científico, general y tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: tierra te suplico que lleves a otra tierra esta nave. the Earth, I beseech that you would take this ship to Loco está, loco está, loco... He is crazy, he is crazy, crazy… Salve Reina del mundo, nunca hasta hoy se hizo another land. Hail, Queen of the World! Never before Colón: No soy un soñador sino un insomne. No un Columbus: I am not a dreamer, but rather an súplica semejante que Dios entregue al hombre, que today has there been such a plea: that God would give inventor sino un predestinado. Nadie me cree. De mano insomniac. I am not an inventor but rather one who was Dios entregue al hombre la redondez del mundo, la to mankind, that God would give to mankind the en mano voy, de fatiga en fatiga. Nadie me cree, que predestined. Nobody believes in me. I beg from hand to redondez del mundo. Salve Reina del mundo, salve, roundness of the world, the roundness of the world. me lo digan claramente, claramente. hand – from one sorrow to another Nobody believes in salve, salve. Hail, Queen of the World! Hail, Hail! me. Tell me that clearly, clearly. Mujeres de Palos y Marineros: Salve, salve... Women of Palos and Sailors: Hail, Hail! You are our Consejero, científico, general, tesorero y obispo: Advisor, Scientist, General, Treasurer and Bishop: Esperanza nuestra madre del Salvador, salva a tus hijos. hope, O mother of our Savior. Save your sons. Hail, Colón, tras cuatro años de estudio, juzgamos tus Columbus, after four years of study, we have evaluated Salve, salve, salve. hail, hail!

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Theo Alcántara promesas, juzgamos tus ofertas dignas de repulsa. your promises. We judge your offers worth rebuffing. Cuanto se arriesgue en esta empresa que tú propones, se Whatever we risk in this project will be lost, and the Throughout his career Theo Alcántara has held positions with leading musical organizations in Europe and the perderá y la autoridad real se desprestigiaría. Nuestra royal authority will be discredited. Our answer is: No, Americas. These have included tenures as conductor with the Frankfurt Opera, Music Director of the Grand Rapids respuesta es: No, no, no... no, no… Symphony, Music Director of the Phoenix Symphony, Principal Conductor of the Pittsburgh Opera, Artistic Director of the Bilbao Symphony, Principal Guest Conductor of the National Orchestra of Spain, Artistic Director 5 Escena I-2d Scene I-2d of the Caracas Opera, Artistic Director of the Music Academy of the West Summer Festival in Santa Barbara, [En la Rábida] [In the Rabida] California, and Artistic Advisor and Chief Conductor of the Buenos Aires Philharmonic and the Orchestra of the Teatro Colón. He also enjoys a distinguished reputation as a guest conductor, having appeared with the Philadelphia Marchena: Comprendo vuestra pena, lleváis muchos Marchena: I understand your sorrow. After so many Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, the Pittsburgh Symphony, Dallas Symphony, Baltimore Symphony, San Diego años en esta labor abrumadora de convencer a sordos. years spent in this overwhelming task of convincing Symphony, Rochester Philharmonic, Utah Symphony, Florida Philharmonic, New Orleans Symphony, Vancouver Vuestra desolación es justa. Hablad vos Martín Alonso. those who are deaf to your pleas, your desolation is Symphony, Calgary Philharmonic, Oregon Symphony, Seattle Symphony, Puerto Rico Symphony, National Pinzón: Ese es mi nombre, Martín Alonso Pinzón, ese justified. Speak, Martin Alonso. Symphony of Mexico, Hong Kong Philharmonic, Radio Symphony Orchestra Berlin, the Spanish Radio and es mi nombre. Mis padres, mis hermanos, yo y mis Pinzón: That is my name, Martin Alonso Pinzón. That Television Orchestra, Copenhagen Radio Orchestra, the Simon Bolivar Orchestra of Caracas, Venezuela, Municipal hijos somos gente del mar. Andalucía es hermosa como is my name. My fathers, my siblings, my children, and I Orchestra of Taipei in a tour of China, Barcelona Symphony, Salzburg Camerata Academica, and the Paris Radio un sueño que no podemos soñar. Los grandes señores are all people belonging to the sea. Andalucia is and Television Orchestra. Theo Alcántara has performed with many of the major opera companies throughout the tienen tierras, grandes, tierras. A nosotros nos cupo la beautiful – like a dream that we cannot dream. The United States, Canada, Europe and South America. He has conducted the Metropolitan Opera on tour, the New herencia vacilante del mar. Para esta empresa yo lo powerful lords have the lands, big lands. In our case, York City Opera, the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires, the San Diego Opera, the Teatre Liceu in Barcelona, the arriesgo todo. Tengo alguna nave. Tengo algún dinero y we were left only the fickle inheritance of the sea. For Canadian Opera in Toronto, Puerto Rico Opera, the Madrid Opera, the Miami Opera, the New Orleans Opera, and familia avezada a navegar. Para esta empresa yo lo this adventure, I risk all that I have. I have some ships. I the International Opera Festival in the Canary Islands. Born in the Spanish town of Cuenca, Theo Alcántara began arriesgo todo. Emprendámosla juntos, emprendámosla have some money and a family accustomed to his musical training as a choirboy in a Spanish seminary at the age of seven. Later he received diplomas in piano and juntos, Alonso Pinzón, Cristóbal Colón, Cristóbal navigating. For this adventure, I risk all that I have. composition from the Real Conservatorio de Musica in Madrid, and during that period, toured as a concert pianist Colón, Alonso Pinzón. Escribirán sus nombres juntos Let’s embark on this venture together. Let’s embark on and accompanist throughout Spain, France, and North Africa. He received his diploma in conducting from the sobre la espuma. En todo caso, es algo por lo que valdrá this venture together. Alonso Pinzón, Christopher Akademie Mozarteum in Salzburg, where he also attended the renowned master-classes of Herbert von Karajan. la pena morir. Columbus, Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón. There he was awarded the Lilli Lehmann Medal for his outstanding achievements as a conductor. In 1966 he won They will write their names together on the sea foam! the Silver Medal at the Dimitri Mitropolous International Conducting Competition in New York. In any case, this is something worth dying for. Marchena: Yo soy un pobre astrólogo y creo en Dios y Marchena: I am a poor astrologer, and I believe in God sus astros, y creo en vuestra idea. and his stars. I believe in your ideas. Colón: -interrumpiendo a Marchena- Camino de las Columbus: – interrupting Marchena – Route to the Indias, hay tierras por descubrir. Indies; there are lands to discover. Colón y Pinzón: Emprendamos la empresa juntos. Columbus and Pinzón: Let’s embark on this venture Cristóbal Colón, Alonso Pinzón, Cristóbal Colón, together. Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón, Alonso Pinzón, ... Christopher Columbus, Alonso Pinzón… Marchena: Hoy escribiré a nuestra reina diciéndoselo Marchena: I will write today to the Queen reporting así. Pinzón, Colón. the news in this way. Pinzón, Columbus.

6 Escena I-3 Scene I-3 [En el presente, en la cubierta de la Santa María. Los [In the present, on the deck of the Santa Maria. The hombres cantan.] men sing.]

Coro de marineros: Cuando yo sea rico, compraré una Choir of sailors: When I become rich, I’ll buy some tierra donde paste un rebaño de ovejas y una vaca. Mi land where I can graze a cow and a flock of sheep. My

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mujer y mis hijas, con cuidado las ordeñarán, harán wife and my daughter will milk the cow with care to Antoni Lluch (Rodrigo de Triana) queso y manteca y en casa las esperaré sin hacer nada y make cheese and butter. At home I will wait for them sentaré a mi mujer en una silla de oro, rico, rico, rico... without doing anything, and I will seat my wife in a Born near Barcelona, Antoni Lluch has appeared in the principal theatres of Spain. His début at the Gran Teatre del golden chair. For I will be rich, rich, rich…! Liceu took place in the 1975-76 season, followed by a career that has brought appearances in operas including Poliuto, Mefistofele, I due Foscari, Benvenuto Cellini, Elektra, Wozzeck, Attila, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Boris 7 Escena I-4a Scene I-4a Godunov, and Khovanschina. [El trono de los Reyes iluminado. Vuelta al pasado.] [The illuminated throne of the Kings. In the past again.] Chorus, Gran Teatre del Liceu Fernando: Las flechas de Fernando y el yugo de Fernando: The arrows of Fernando and the yoke of Isabella coronan ya la Alhambra, tanto monta, monta Isabella already crown Alhambra. Equally to each is the In the 1960s the chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu was consolidated under the leadership of Riccardo Bottino. In tanto, cubre los azulejos nazaríes. power, covering the glazed tiles. 1982 Romano Gandolfi and Vittorio Sicuri took charge and at present the director is José Luis Basso. The chorus Isabella: Ya podéis hablar de tierras nuevas, decidnos Isabella: You can now speak of new lands. Tell us has performed not only in operatic works but also in concert repertoire, and has also appeared at the Teatro Real in pues qué nos pedís a cambio. what you ask in exchange. Madrid, Les Arènes de Nîmes, in Paris and at La Fenice in Venice. Colón: Quiero que se me arme ante todos caballero con Columbus: I want to be knighted in front of everyone espuelas de oro. Quiero el título de Almirante Mayor. with spurs of gold. I want the title of Head Admiral. I Romano Gandolfi (1933-2006) Quiero ser Virrey y Gobernador perpetuo de cuantos want to be Viceroy and Governor for life of all territorios sean encontrados. Quiero la décima parte de territories that I find. Also, I want a ten percent share of The chorus director Romano Gandolfi was born in Parma. Before becoming Chorus Master at the Gran Teatre del las rentas reales. all royal bounty that we claim. Liceu he was for more than a decade choral director at La Scala, Milan, where he also served as an orchestral conductor. He conducted operatic performances in the principal Italian theaters, the United States and the Teatro 8 Escena I-4b Scene I-4b Colón in Buenos Aires. He recorded for Decca.

Ahora comprendo (aria) Now I understand (aria) Vittorio Sicuri (1938-2001) Isabella: Ahora comprendo que a un hombre nunca es Isabella: Now I understand that it is not good to make a bueno hacerle esperar. Ahora comprendo por qué os man wait. Now I comprehend why you were called The chorus master Vittorio Sicuri was born in Parma. He was director of the chorus of La Scala, Milan, before llamaron soñador mis sabios. Soñador. Jamás se vio a dreamer by our wise men. Dreamer. Never has there been becoming director of the chorus at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in 1982. In 1990 he was appointed director of choruses un mendigo un reino pedir, un reino pedir, un reino que a beggar asking for a kingdom, asking for a kingdom, a at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze-Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, where he conducted symphonic-choral concerts aún no existe. Creí que nos entenderíamos. Habríamos kingdom that yet does not exist. I believed that we would with the resident orchestra. In 1992 he was in charge of the Teatro La Fenice of Venice and in 1998 started work as juntado nuestras pobrezas. Yo, Isabella de Castilla la understand each other. We would have joined our permanent choral conductor of the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires. Sicuri worked in direct contact with composers mendiga y vos Cristóbal Colón que solo ofrece poverties. I, Isabella of Castille, the beggar, and you, such as Stockhausen, Pendereki, Nono, Bussotti and Berio during the world premières of their works. ensueños. Esta exhausto mi pueblo, mi pueblo; Christopher Columbus, who only offers dreams. My agotadas mis arcas, mis arcas; y empeñadas mis joyas. people are exhausted; My treasuries are empty; and my Symphony Orchestra, Gran Teatre del Liceu Vos y yo tal vez seamos locos y el mundo quizás deba jewelry is pawned. You and I might be crazy, and the quedarse como está. Está exhausto mi pueblo, mi world perhaps should remain as it is. My people are Throughout its long history the Symphony Orchestra of the Gran Teatre del Liceu has been conducted by pueblo, agotadas mis arcas, mis arcas, y empeñadas mis exhausted, my people; my treasuries are empty, my internationally renowned guest conductors, including Antal Doráti, Manuel de Falla, Alexander Glazunov, Otto joyas,... Creo que Dios no eligió buen día para que vos treasuries; and my jewelry is pawned… I believe that God Klemperer, Ottorino Respighi, Georges Sebastian, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Arturo Toscanini, and Bruno y yo nos encontráramos. Castilla siempre soñó con did not choose a good day for you and me to meet. Castille Walter. In more recent years the orchestra has been conducted by Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Jesús López-Cobos, echarse a la mar. Esperaremos más tiempo aún, amigo, always dreamt of going to sea. We shall wait some more Riccardo Muti, and Václav Neumann, among others. The present music director is Sebastian Weigle. amigo. Está exhausto mi pueblo, mi pueblo, agotadas time, my dear friend. My people are exhausted; My las arcas... Castilla esperará. Adiós, Colón mi amigo, treasures are empty… At this time, Castille shall wait. que la suerte os acompañe. Adiós. Goodbye, Columbus my friend, may luck go with you. Goodbye.

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Jesús Sanz Remiro (General) 9 Escena I-4c Scene I-4c

Jesús Sanz Remiro studied at Madrid’s Escuela Superior de Canto of which he is now director. A well-known bass, Fernando: Demasiado sensata. Nada arriesga Castilla Fernando: You are too prudent. If he discovers he has performed in festivals throughout Europe and America, collaborating with conductors including Menotti, si nada se descubre. Yo creí que Castilla y su Reina nothing, then Castille has risked nothing. I believed that Rudel, López-Cobos and Frühbeck de Burgos. He is founder of the Grupo de Opera y Zarzuela Eurídice, with which eran más luchadoras. Acaso Portugal acepte lo que tú Castille and her Queen had more of a fighting spirit he has toured Europe and America. He has performed at the United Nations and in New York. has rechazado. than that! Just imagine Portugal accepting what you Isabella: Aprisa, aprisa, que vuelva Colón. Ni Castilla have just turned down! Gregorio Poblador (Cientifico) ni él pueden esperar más. Isabella: Quick, quick, call Columbus back. Neither Castille nor he should wait any longer. Gregorio Poblador completed his musical studies in voice at the Real Conservatorio de Madrid and at the Escuela Superior de Canto studying with soprano Teresa Tourné. In 1977 he won third prize in the Francisco Viñas 0 Escena I-4d Scene I-4d Competition and first prize in the Verdi Competition. In 1978 he was selected by RTVE for the Bel Canto Opera Festival in Ostende (Belgium). He has been a member of medieval and baroque music groups, touring in America Caballero seréis (duetto) Knight you shall be (duet) and Europe, with appearances in Rossini’s Petite Messe Solennelle and Monteverdi’s Il combattimento de Tancredi Isabella: Caballero, seréis vos y los que os hereden, os Isabella: Knight, to you and your descendents, I shall e Clorinda at the Madrid Teatro Real. He has also performed at the Semana de Música Religiosa in Cuenca, the donaré yo misma las espuelas doradas. Os llamaré en bestow my golden spurs. I shall call you Don Madrid Autumn Festivals, in the Alicante Festival of Contemporary Music and the London Almeida Festival. He voz alta Don Cristóbal Colón y seréis mi almirante, Christopher Columbus in a loud voice, and you shall be has appeared at the principal Spanish theatres and festivals and for eight years in the Opera Festival of La Corunna. gobernador y virrey. A qué esperáis. Ni Castilla ni vos my Admiral, Governor and Viceroy. What are you podéis esperar. A qué esperáis. waiting for? Neither Castille nor you can wait any Miguel López Galindo (Obispo) longer. What are you waiting for? Colón: A besar la mano más generosa de este mundo. Columbus: To kiss the most generous hand in this Born in Madrid, Miguel López Galindo graduated from the Escuela Superior de Canto in that city. He was the world.... winner of the Primer Concurso Internacional de Canto Julián Gayarre, and also won the first prize for basses at the Isabella: Sois un pordiosero extraño, regaláis reinos y Isabella: You are a strange beggar! You give away Certamen Nacional de Canto Ciudad de Logroño. His professional activities began at the Teatro Lírico Nacional La tenéis buenos modales, y dobláis con elegancia vuestra kingdoms and have good manners, and you bend your Zarzuela, and he made his début at the Teatro Bellas Artes de México with Penella’s Don Gil de Alcalá. He rodilla. knees graciously. appeared with Plácido Domingo in a concert version of Massenet’s Le Cid at the Madrid Teatro Real, and performs Colón: Ante vos solamente Alteza y reina mía, Alteza y Columbus: Only for you my Queen, your highness my regularly at Spanish opera houses and auditoria. He has also appeared at the Buenos Aires Teatro Colón. He appears reina mía, si una razón me faltase para creer en lo que Queen if there were any reason missing to believe regularly at the Liceu in Barcelona and performed in Viva la Mamma, a free adaptation of Donizetti’s Le más deseo, hoy se me cumple pues vos también creéis. fervently in what I most wish, I have it now – for you convenienze teatrali, with Montserrat Caballé and Joan Pons at the Festival Internacional de Peralada in 1990. believe in me too. Isabella: Que comiencen los Ángeles... Isabella: Let the Angels start… Victoria Vergara (Beatriz) Colón: -interrumpiendo a Isabella- Besar la mano más Columbus: – interrupting Isabella – To kiss the most generosa de este mundo, agradezcan a Dios... generous hand in this world, thanks be to God… Victoria Vergara was born in Chile and studied at the Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia as well as at The Isabella: ... a ensayar sus hermosas melodías, Isabella: …to rehearse his beautiful melodies, thanks Juilliard School in New York. With a multifaceted repertoire she has been recognized internationally as a Carmen, agradezcan... -a Dios- be to God. interpreted in the principal opera houses in Europe and America, including the Metropolitan Opera in New York Isabella y Colón: ... porque eligió la hora y el Isabella and Columbus: …because he chose the time conducted by Domingo. Among other rôles worth mentioning are Amneris with Pavarotti in Vienna, and Dulcinea momento. El momento que nadie olvidará. Un and the moment. The moment that nobody will forget. with Samuel Ramey at the New York City Opera. Among the most important world première rôles are the Duchess momento que nadie olvidará. A moment that nobody will forget. of Alba in Menotti’s Goya in Washington, la Dona in Luis de Pablo’s El viajero indiscreto in Madrid, and her present performance as Beatriz in Leonardo Balada’s Cristóbal Colón. Her DVD recordings include Maddalena in ! Escena I-5 Scene I-5 Rigoletto, with Pavarotti, and Carmen with Domingo. In her concert repertoire she has sung the rôle of Carmela in ¡Tenemos miedo! We have fear! El amor brujo by Manuel de Falla at The Juilliard School in New York, at the RAI Auditorium in Rome, in Mexico [En el presente, sobre la cubierta, los marineros [In the present, on the deck of the Santa Maria, the City and in Cadíz at the opening of the Teatro Manuel de Falla. In the concert hall she has sung in Mahler’s Second conspiran descontentos] sailors conspire unhappily] Symphony, Bach’s Magnificat, and Mozart’s Requiem, part of a wide concert repertoire.

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Coro Marineros: Miedo, tenemos miedo. Los vientos Choir of sailors: Fear – we have fear. The favorable Luis Álvarez (Fray Antonio de Marchena) favorables son vientos adversos. Miedo, tenemos winds are adversarial winds. Fear – we have fear. We miedo. Nos alejamos de la seguridad y de la vida, are distancing ourselves from security and from life, Luis Álvarez graduated from the Escuela Superior de Canto de Madrid. He has collaborated with the groups Sema, miedo, miedo... Ay! Aquí no estuvo antes ningún fear, fear… Ay! No man has ever been here before. We Hesperion XX, Pro Mvsica Antiqva de Madrid, La Stravaganza, Pigmalion and Lírica XVIII, touring throughout hombre. Tenemos casi ciegos los ojos de mirar las olas are almost blind from staring at empty waves. Our Europe and America, with many broadcasts, television appearances and recordings. He is a regular soloist with the vacías. Tenemos casi ciego el corazón de añorar nuestra hearts too are almost blind from homesickness. They principal Spanish orchestras and has performed at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, with the orchestras of the RAI in tierra. Dicen que nunca recuperaremos el rumbo del say we shall never find our way back We shall navigate Italy, Radio Holland, and the Suisse Romande, among others, often singing in premières of works by contemporary regreso, que seguiremos navegando sin fin hasta que forever until we die, one after another. Fear – we have composers. He takes part regularly in the opera seasons of the principal Spanish theatres, including, among others, muramos uno a uno. Miedo, tenemos miedo, somos fear. We are human beings, we are not gods. Pinzón, we the Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, and the Teatro de la Maestranza in Seville. He has contributed to the revival of hombres no somos dioses. Pinzón, sólo en ti confiamos, only trust in you. We came only because of you – only forgotten stage works and at the Teatro Lírico Nacional la Zarzuela has appeared in premières of Sin demonio no sólo por ti vinimos, sólo por ti vinimos. because of you! hay fortuna, by Jorge Fernández Guerra y Leopoldo Alas, Fígaro, by José Ramón Encinar, and El viajero indiscreto Pinzón: Hombres de poca fe, recordad, recordad. Pinzón: Men of poor faith, remember, remember. and La madre invita a comer, by Luis de Pablo and Vicente Molina Foix.

@ Escena I-6 Scene I-6 Stefano Palatchi (Rey Fernando) En el Puerto de Palos At the Port of Palos [Vuelta al pasado. El pueblo de Palos en la vera del [Back to the past. The people of Palos, on the sea Stefano Palatchi was born in Barcelona. Since his first appearance at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in 1986 he has mar.] coast.] appeared there frequently singing in more than thirty operas. He sang in Paris in the world revival performance of Una cosa rara by Martín y Soler and also in Lucrezia Borgia with Joan Sutherland and Alfredo Kraus at the Théâtre Pinzón: Todo empezó, todo empezó una clara mañana Pinzón: It all started, it all started one clear morning at des Champs-Elysées. He has appeared in the principal theatres of Spain, Europe and America, including the en el puerto de Palos. the Port of Palos. Metropolitan Opera in New York, under conductors including Bonynge, Oren, López-Cobos and with artists such as Coro de vecinas: Vecinas, vecinas cosiendo velas, Choir of neighbours: Neighbours, neighbours sewing Domingo, Milnes, Alagna, and Bartoli, among others. vecinas, vecinas se nos va la vida que se nos va, que se sails, neighbours, neighbours, life is going away, life is nos va la vida. going away. Miguel Solá (Consejero) Pinzón: Oídme, amigos. Tienen razón vuestras Pinzón: Listen to me, friends. Your wives are right. mujeres. Más allá de la mar hay tierras donde los Beyond the sea, there are lands where the mountains are Miguel Solá studied music at the Madrid Conservatory where at graduation he won the first prize in singing. His montes son de oro y donde corren fuentes de leche y made of gold, and where lakes of milk and honey flow, musical career has been varied and extensive. He has participated in concerts, operas, polyphony, zarzuelas and miel como en el Paraíso. Las minas del Rey Salomón as in Paradise. The mines of King Solomon with the oratorios with the principal Spanish orchestras. The latest of his recordings was of La Revoltosa and La Gran Via con parpadeos de diamantes os hacen guiños. Hay una glittering of diamonds are beckoning to us with their with Plácido Domingo. He has performed in many theatres, including the Madrid Teatro Real, the Teatro de la isla de perlas que nadie se agacha a coger, bosques de treasures. There is an island filled with pearls that Maestranza in Seville and the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. He performed the rôle of Figaro in the première corales, frutos de rubíes y azabaches. Es como en el nobody bends to pick up, forests of corrals, fruits of of an opera by José Ramón Encinar, and appeared in the zarzuela El Gato Montes by Penella with Domingo at the Paraíso. Pero acaso prefiráis vuestra miseria y cobardía. rubies and black jets. It is like Paradise. Or would you Madrid Teatro de la Zarzuela, the Teatro de La Maestranza in Seville, and in Tokyo. He was invited to participate in Andad conmigo, venid. Martín Alonso nunca os ha rather prefer your misery and cowardice? Come travel the Amsterdam Christmas Gala under conductor Riccardo Chailly, televised throughout Europe. He was also invited engañado. Navegaremos en los lomos azules de la mar with me! Martín Alonso has never deceived you. We to the Yehudi Menuhin Festival performing the rôle of Don Bartolo in Il barbiere di Siviglia. In 2000 he was invited y volveremos ricos y llenos de ventura. Vamos en busca will navigate through the blue back of the sea, and we to Bayreuth to perform the principal rôle in Rossini’s opera Mosè in Egitto. In 2003 he was awarded the Federico del oro y de la fama. Ha sonado la hora de la riqueza y will return rich and full of happiness. We are going in Romero prize for his continuing work in opera. His career has brought collaboration with Pavarotti, Kraus, and Joan la gloria, ha sonado la hora, la hora. Embarcaos con search of gold and fame. It is the hour of riches and Pons, and stage directors Zeffirelli, Núria Espert and Emilio Sagi, among others. Martín Alonso y con los otros Pinzones. Marineros de glory; the hour has come, the hour. Embark with Martín Palos, amigos, venid, amigos, venid, ha sonado la hora Alonso and with the other Pinzóns. Sailors of Palos, Juan Pedro García Márquez (Tesorero) de embarcaros con nosotros, de la riqueza y la gloria. friends, come, friends, come, the hour has come to Vecinos, la riqueza y la gloria, la riqueza y la gloria. embark with us, for riches and glory. Neighbours, Juan Pedro García Márquez studied in Madrid with Isabel Penagos. Since his début in Turin in 1981 he has riches and glory await, riches and glory await! performed in Italy, Germany, Holland and the United States. He also took part in the première of El caballero indiscreto by Luís de Pablo at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid and sang the title rôle in the première of the cantata Torquemada by Leonardo Balada. 8.660237-38 20 9 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 8

Montserrat Caballé (Reina Isabel) Colón: Pinzón, oídme todos, obedeceréis a sus altezas, Columbus: Pinzón, listen to me everyone, obey the haré míos el poder y la gloria. royal wishes. I will make the power and the glory mine. Montserrat Caballé’s international career began in 1965, when she was Vecinos: Váyase, váyase el extranjero en hora mala. Neighbours: Go away, damn you! That stranger should asked at short notice to learn the title rôle in Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia, Los marineros de Palos tienen las manos limpias. go away. The sailors of Palos have their hands clean. for a concert performance in Carnegie Hall, a feat that won the widest Váyase, en hora mala. Go away, damn you! critical acclaim. Since then, she has sung in all the great opera houses and Marchena: Colón, Pinzón, bajo la corona la empresa es Marchena: Columbus, Pinzón, under the Crown the concert halls throughout the world, appearing with the most famous más segura. venture is safer. orchestras and under the baton of Herbert von Karajan, Leonard Bernstein, Colón: Traigo mandato de los reyes. Nada se hará sin Columbus: I have orders from the monarchs. Nothing Zubin Mehta, Claudio Abbado, James Levine, Seiji Ozawa, Sir Georg mí. will be done without me. Solti, Sir Colin Davis, Riccardo Muti and Carlo Maria Giulini, among Pinzón: Aquí yo soy el rey. Pinzón: I am the king here. others. Montserrat Caballé’s repertoire is enormous, with stage rôles Colón: Echaré mano de los presos. Columbus: I will use the prisoners. numbering nearly ninety, and she has made more than eighty recordings. Pinzón: Os asesinarán. Después de que supe que erais Pinzón: They will murder you. After knowing that you Photo: Antonio Bofill Her leading rôles range from Luisa Miller to Salome, from Pamina to converso me temí la traición. were formerly a Jew, but are now a Christian, I have Isolde, but she remains best known for her bel canto rôles in Donizetti and Bellini, successor to Maria Callas and been afraid of an act of treachery. Joan Sutherland. She has also done much to explore less familiar repertoire, including Gluck’s Armide, Salieri’s Les Colón: Llevo catorce años esperando y no consentiré Columbus: I have been waiting fourteen years and I Danaïdes, Paccini’s Saffo, Spontini’s La Vestale and Agnese di Hohenstaufen, Massenet’s Hérodiade, Cherubini’s que nadie malogre este instante. will not allow anyone to spoil this moment. Médée and Démophon, Rossini’s Ermione and Il viaggio a Reims, Donizetti’s Sancia di Castiglia and Respighi’s La Pinzón: Sin necesidad de cartas reales, dentro de un Pinzón: Without need of royal letters, we will be Fiamma. Montserrat Caballé is the holder of numerous international honours and awards including the Order of mes saldremos a la mar. sailing in one month. Doña Isabel la Católica, and the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres, among many other distinctions, national and Colón: Seríais un proscrito al que se perseguiría y Columbus: You would be an outlaw who would be international. She remains one of the greatest singers of her generation. cazaría. Las órdenes son esas. chased and caught. Those are the orders. Pinzón: Y esos son mis hombres, y esos mis barcos. La Pinzón: And those are my men, and those are my ships. Carlos Chausson (Pinzón) corona requiere los brazos de sus súbditos y sin ellos no The kingdom requires the arms of its subjects, and existen el poder, esas cartas, ni vos. without them there is no such thing as power, those The Spanish baritone Carlos Chausson was born in Zaragoza. He studied at the Escuela Vecinos: Váyase el extranjero, váyase en hora mala, letters, or yourself. Superior de Canto in Madrid and then moved to the United States, taking his Master of váyase, váyase el extranjero en hora mala. Los Neighbours: Make that stranger go away, go away Music degree at the University of Michigan. He has won distinction for his buffo Italian marineros de Palos tienen las manos limpias. Váyase... damn you! Go away, go away, stranger, damn you! The rôles and his performances of Mozart. He has been a guest artist at the Zurich Opera house Marchena: Reflexionar, debéis unir las fuerzas de sailors of Palos have their hands clean. Go away… for the last twelve consecutive seasons where he has sung his whole repertoire under ambos. Marchena: Reflect. You should join forces together. important conductors such as Nikolas Harnoncourt and Nello Santi. He has also sung in the Vecinos: Reflexionar, reflexionar,... Neighbours: Reflect, reflect… most important opera houses throughout the world, including La Scala, Milan, the New Marchena: La humanidad entera está pendiente de Marchena: The whole world is waiting for you two. York Metropolitan Opera, La Bastille, Munich Staatsoper, Teatro Liceu and the Madrid vosotros dos. Reflexionar. Debéis cumplir el pacto de la Reflect. You should fulfill the pact of the Rabida. Teatro Real, under such conductors as Abbado, Lopez-Cobos, Maurizio Benini, Palumbo, Rábida. Reflexionar. Reflect. and Fischer. Carlos Chausson has shared the stage with such artists as Plácido Domingo, Colón: Tenéis razón, tenéis razón. Columbus: You are right, you are right. Monserrat Caballé, Jennifer Larmore, Ileana Cotrubas, Beverly Sills, Ruggero Raimondi, Pinzón: ¿Le doy la mano? Pinzón: Should I shake his hand? and Carlos Alvarez, among others. He has made a large number of recordings and DVDs, Vecinos: ¡Sí! Neighbours: Yes! including El Gato Montés, La Francisquita and Merlín with Plácido Domingo and Carlos Pinzón: ¡Ojalá sea para siempre! Pinzón: I hope this is forever! Álvarez, Le maschere di Mascagni made for German TV, La belle Hélène (Offenbach) and Marchena: El señor os bendiga. Bendito el que navega Marchena: God bless you. Blessed is the one who sails Le nozze di Figaro (the rôle of Figaro), under Harnoncourt. He has also collaborated in the DVDs Le nozze di en nombre del señor. in the name of God. Figaro, Così fan tutte, La belle Hélène and Il barbiere di Siviglia, under Nello Santi. He has been honoured as Vecinos: Bendito sea. Neighbours: Be blessed. Mejor Artista Lírico in the 2007 season, awarded by the Fundación de Premios Líricos del Teatro Campoamor 2008. Danza Dance

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Pinzón: Alegraros porque está cerca el día de la fortuna Pinzón: Be happy, because the day of richness and and attracted international attention. The Death of Columbus will be released in 2009 by Naxos Records performed by y dicha. happiness is near. Carreras and Caballé. Faust-bal, commissioned by the Teatro Real of Madrid, had its première in February 2009. This Vecinos: A carenar, a reparar las naves. Neighbours: Let us prepare, and repair the ships. is a 21st century interpretation of the classical Faust, with libretto by the surrealist Fernando Arrabal. World première Colón: La Niña, la Pinta y la Marigalante serán las tres Columbus: The Niña, The Pinta and the Marigalante will performances during the 2007-08 season included works by the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (a concerto for naves. La Marigalante será la Capitana, y llevará el be the three ships. The Marigalante will be the captain’s three cellos and orchestra), the Hungarian Chamber Symphony Orchestra (a work for string orchestra), a work for Jeff nombre de Santa María. ship, and thus it now shall bear the name Santa Maria. Turner (double bass and the Pittsburgh Symphony Chamber Orchestra.) and two chamber operas at the Teatro de la Vecinos: Santa María. Neighbours: Santa Maria. Zarzuela in Madrid and Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. Vecinos: Ni mujeres ni curas ni frailes subirán a las Neighbours: No women, no priests, no monks, should naves cuando partan. Es un viaje de hombres fuertes. get on the ships when they depart. It is a trip for strong Antonio Gala Traed provisiones, víveres, agua, vino, luz, leña, men only! Take provisions, food, water, wine, lights, espejuelos, bonetes, abalorios, agujas, alfileres con que wood, lenses, caps, trinkets, needles, pins – all with Although born in Castile-La Mancha in 1930, the Spanish poet, playwright and novelist Antonio Gala moved very comprar el oro y especias. La Niña, la Pinta, la Santa which to buy gold and spices. The Niña, the Pinta and soon to Cordoba and is widely considered an Andalusian. A graduate in law, philosophy, politics and economics, he María. the Santa Maria. has written in a wide variety of genres. He has been awarded several prizes in the field of poetry, including the Prize Vecinos, Colón y Pinzón: Ni mujeres ni curas ni frailes Neighbours, Columbus and Pinzón: No women, no Adonais (1959), and in theatre the National Theatre Prize Calderon de la Barca (1963). He started to write novels subirán a las naves. priests, no monks, should get on the ships. late in life, but had overwhelming success with the Crimson Manuscript, which won the Planeta Prize in 1990. He is Vecinos: Traemos agua, vino, cordajes; traemos leña, Neighbours: We bring water, wine, clothes; we bring the current president of the International Theatre Institute. traemos bonetes y traemos agujas de mil colores con wood, caps and needles of thousands of colors with que comprar las especias y el oro. Alegraos amigos, which to buy spices and gold. Be happy, my friends, the José Carreras (Cristóbal Colón) está cerca el día, el día de la fortuna y de la dicha. day is near, the day of richness and happiness. José Carreras occupies a privileged position in the music world. Born in Barcelona, he studied music in his hometown. In 1970 he started his ACTO SEGUNDO SECOND ACT professional career in the Gran Teatre del Liceu of Barcelona in Nabucco and Lucrezia Borgia. His meteoric musical career resulted in early débuts Acto II Act II at the world’s most prestigious opera theatres and festivals, including La 1 Escena II-1 Scene II-1 Scala of Milan, the New York Metropolitan Opera House, San Francisco [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] Opera, the Vienna Staatsoper, London’s Royal Opera House, Munich Opera, Chicago’s Lyric Opera, and the Festivals of Salzburg, Aix-en- Pinzón: Algún atardecer vuelvo el rostro hacia atrás. Pinzón: Some evenings I look back, with my face turned. Provence, Edinburgh and Verona. José Carreras has collaborated with the Busco mi pueblo blanco y sólo veo estelas. I search for my white village, but I see only vapor trails. most renowned orchestral conductors including Herbert von Karajan, Colón: Grande tiene que ser nuestra esperanza, porque Columbus: Our hope must be great, because we have Photo: Antonio Bofill Claudio Abbado, Riccardo Muti, Lorin Maazel, Riccardo Chailly, Colin hemos dejado en tierra tantas cosas. left so many things behind in our homeland. Davis, Giuseppe Sinopoli, James Levine, Carlo Maria Giulini, Leonard Bernstein and Zubin Metha, and with pre- Pinzón: Ahora sólo tenemos días indiferentes y de Pinzón: During the days we feel only indifference, and eminent stage directors such as Franco Zeffirelli, Jean Pierre Ponnelle, Giorgio Strehler, Luigi Comencini and noche el recuerdo de cuanto no trajimos. at night there is the memory of all those things that we Harold Prince. His repertoire includes over sixty operas, notably Andrea Chénier, La Bohème, Tosca, Werther, Don didn’t bring with us. Carlo, Carmen, La forza del destino, Pagliacci, L’elisir d’amore and Un ballo in maschera. He has performed the Colón: Como el día de la partida. Veo a mi raza Columbus: It is like the day we embarked. I see my leading rôle in several operatic films for television, cinema and video. Together with his opera activities, he has expulsada, como a mi propia familia hace sesenta años, expatriate race – like my own family sixty years ago, given frequent recitals in the world’s most famous halls. His wide concert repertoire includes over six hundred titles saliendo de su casa aragonesa. leaving their house in Aragon. of the most diverse styles ranging from the baroque to contemporary music. He has been awarded numerous national and international prizes and distinctions, and is Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and 2 Escena II-2 Scene II-2 Chevalier dans l’Ordre de la Légion d’Honneur de la République Française, among many other honours. In 2004 he ¡Adiós! Good-bye! received the Civil Order Golden Cross of the Social Solidarity bestowed by Her Majesty the Queen of Spain, Doña [Vuelta al pasado] [Back to the past] Sofía and since 1988 has presided with total dedication and enthusiasm over the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation established in Barcelona with branches in the United States, Switzerland and Germany. Currently his Leukaemia Foundation is one of his most important goals and priorities. 8.660237-38 22 7 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 6

desolation, Columbus reverts to dreaming of a brighter symbolizes all of humanity. There are prayers of Judíos: Adiós, Adiós. Ésta era nuestra tierra prometida. Judeans: Goodbye, goodbye. That was our promised past. He hears the surreal voice of Beatriz singing a thanksgiving but also intimations of an uncertain future. Aquí nacieron nuestros hijos desde hace cientos de land. Here our children were born hundreds of years lullaby to their little son but also cannot fail to hear the Five hundred years have passed and the most that años. Adiós, Adiós. ago. Goodbye, goodbye. intrusively threatening voices of the sailors. All seems mankind has to cling to is hope. Colón: Converso me llamasteis y converso soy. Una Columbus: You called me a convert, and a convert lost when, on the second day, shouts of “Land Ahoy!” The sequel to this opera, Leonardo Balada’s La nueva Jerusalén levantaremos al otro lado de los mares. indeed I am. We will raise a new Jerusalem at the other are heard. Muerte de Colón (Death of Columbus), spans the period side of the seas. In a kind of epilogue, high-pitched violins and bird from the return from the Indies to Columbus’s death in Judíos: Otra vez al desierto. Adiós, Adiós. Judeans: Again to the desert. Goodbye, goodbye. sounds suggest another world, a world in which a choir Valladolid. This recording is scheduled for release on Colón: Yo salgo ahora como heraldo vuestro en busca Columbus: I depart now as your herald, in the search of Indians contrasts with the larger chorus that Naxos 8.660193-94. de otra tierra prometida. of the other promised land. Mujeres de Palos: Adiós, Adiós. Women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye. Leonardo Balada Judíos (mujeres del coro de judíos): Adiós, adiós. Judeans (women): Goodbye, goodbye. It would be Más valdría morirse de pena en esta playa. better to die of sorrow on this beach. Born in Barcelona on 22nd September 1933, the composer Leonardo Balada graduated from the Conservatorio del Pinzón: Como el día de la partida, veo a mi pueblo Pinzón: As on the day we departed, I see my people Liceu of that city and the Juilliard School in 1960. He studied composition with Vincent Persichetti, Aaron Copland amontonarse a la vera del agua despidiéndonos. Veo a crowded on the shore of the ocean giving farewell. I see and conducting with Igor Markevitch. Since 1970 he has been teaching at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, viudas y a huérfanos aguardando el retorno antes de la the widows and the orphans awaiting the return, before Pennsylvania, where he is University Professor of Composition. Some of his best known works were written in a partida. the trip has even begun. dramatic avant-garde style in the 1960s (Guernica, María Sabina, Steel Symphony). He is credited with pioneering a Mujeres de Palos: Adiós, Adiós, reina del mar. Que Women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye, queen of the blending of ethnic music with later avant-garde techniques, creating a very personal style starting with Sinfonía en vuelvan los hombres sin daño a su hogar. Reina del sea. May the men return without harm to their home. Negro - Homage to Martin Luther King (1968), and Homage to Casals and Sarasate (1975). Balada has received Carmelo, que a ti te veamos juntos en el cielo. Queen of Carmel, may we together see you in the heavens. several international awards and his works are performed by the world’s leading orchestras, including the Pinzón: Volveremos y pondremos tejas de oro en el Pinzón: We will come back and put golden tiles on the Philharmonics of New York, Los Angeles and Israel, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Philharmonia Orchestra of techo de nuestras casas. Dicen adiós a su carne. Dicen roof of your houses. They say goodbye to their flesh. London, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Dallas, Washington D.C., Milwaukee, Oregon, Prague, Düsseldorf, adiós a su sangre. They say goodbye to their blood. Barcelona, São Paulo, and Mexico Symphony Orchestra, the radio orchestras of Leipzig, Berlin, Berne, Madrid, Mujeres de Palos: Que tengáis buenos vientos y no Women from Palos: Let them have favorable winds Hanover, Moscow, Helsinki, Luxembourg, BBC, and Jerusalem, the National Orchestras of Spain, Lyon, Toulouse, tardéis. Adiós. Si tardáis moriremos de pena en esta and no delays. If you delay, we will die of sorrow on Marseille, Ireland, and Colombia, conducted by musicians such as Lorin Maazel, Mstislav Rostropovitch, Frühbeck playa. ¡Ay! this beach. Ay! de Burgos, López-Cobos, Lukas Foss, Mariss Jansons, Jorge Mester, Sergiu Comissiona, Neville Marriner and others. Judíos: Lo que iba a ser eterno se acaba en un día. Judeans: What was going to be eternal now ends in He has been commissioned by many outstanding organizations in the United States and Europe, including the Aspen Adiós, adiós. Más valdría morirse de pena en esta one day. Goodbye, goodbye. It would be better to die of Festival, the San Diego Opera, Teatro Real of Madrid, the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Hartford Symphonies, National playa. sorrow on this beach. Endowment for the Arts, Benedum Center for the Performing Arts, the Lausanne Chamber Orchestra, Berlin Radio Colón: Mi raza está siempre diciéndose adiós a sí Columbus: My race is always saying goodbye to Symphony Orchestra, The Millennium of Catalonia, Sociedad Estatal para el V Centenario, the National Orchestra of misma, cansada de estar siempre amargada y errante. herself – tired of being always bitter and wandering. Spain, the Radio TV Orchestra of Madrid, and the Barcelona Symphony Orchestra, among others. He has composed Pinzón: Mi pueblo dice adiós a cuanto ama. Pinzón: My people are saying goodbye to all that they works for artists including Alicia de Larrocha, Lorin Maazel, Mariss Jansons, the American Brass Quintet, the Miro love. String Quartet, Andrés Segovia, Narciso Yepes, Lucero Tena, Angel Romero, and Eliot Fisk, and has collaborated Colón: Pero Dios es el mismo para todos los hombres, Columbus: But God is one for all men, for us and for with artists and writers such as Salvador Dalí and Nobel Prize winner Camilo José Cela. A large number of Leonardo para nosotros y para vosotros y los que habitan tierras you, and for the ones who inhabit future lands. Balada’s compositions are recorded on Deutsche Grammophon, Naxos, Albany and New World Records. These futuras. recordings include Steel Symphony and Music for Oboe and Orchestra with the Pittsburgh Symphony conducted by Judíos y mujeres de Palos: Adiós, adiós, adiós… Judeans and women from Palos: Goodbye, goodbye, Lorin Maazel, and the cantatas No-res, Torquemada and María Sabina. His Naxos recording of concertos for piano, goodbye… guitar and flute (Naxos 8.555039) was selected by Amazon.com as one of the Ten Best recordings of 2001 for classic instrumental music and also won the prestigious Rosette award granted by the Penguin Guide to Compact Discs. 3 Escena II-3 Scene II-3 Balada’s large list of works includes, in addition to chamber and symphonic compositions, cantatas, two chamber [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] and four full length operas, Zapata, Christopher Columbus, its sequel Death of Columbus, and Faust-bal. Christopher Columbus had its première in Barcelona in 1989 with José Carreras and Montserrat Caballé singing the leading rôles Colón: Grande tiene que ser nuestra esperanza porque Columbus: Our hope must be great, because we have

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dejamos a la orilla todo lo que teníamos. left behind all that we had in our homeland. Synopsis clarifying the origins of his ideas, a map he was given Pinzón: Pero esa esperanza se ve diezmada por la Pinzón: But all that hope seems decimated, by a Cardinal from the Papal Court. Marchena is terquedad y la soberbia. overwhelmed by stubbornness and arrogance. Introduction convinced by the two navigators’ plan and writes a letter Colón: ¡Qué decís! ¡Qué decís! Columbus: What you say! What you say! to Isabella to solicit her backing. (A short interruption The stage setting is the deck of the “Santa Maria”, reminds us of the present moment as the sailors sing a 4 Escena II-4 Scene II-4 captained by Columbus. The time of the action spans the merry song.) Then back in time, Columbus approaches Te conocí una tarde (duetto) I met you one afternoon (duet) departure from Palos and the arrival on American shores the Throne of the Kings and presents the terms required [Colón recuerda a Beatriz] [Columbus remembers Beatriz] culminating in a shout of “Land Ahoy!” and followed for a successful enterprise. Recalling the burdens of the by an epilogue that draws moral and philosophical Granada conquest, Isabella laments “my coffers and Beatriz: Te conocí una tarde junto al río; estabas Beatriz: I met you one afternoon by the river; you were connections as well as giving a brief glimpse of the people are exhausted…goodbye friend”; but she is pensativo viendo correr el agua. Desde ese instante contemplative, watching the flowing water. Since that future. contradicted by the King (“You are too cautious. Castile supe que el agua era mi enemiga y tuve celos de ella. moment, I knew the water was my enemy, and I was Although the stage setting remains fixed, it is the does not risk anything if nothing is discovered”). The jealous of her. characters who evoke a back and forth fluidity of time Queen is convinced. She and Columbus give thanks to Colón: Hemos soñado tantas veces juntos el gozo de Columbus: So many times we have dreamt together the and place in the minds of the audience. God “for He chose the hour and the moment in which esta despedida y sin embargo hoy tenemos tristes el joy of this farewell, but today there is sadness in our we were to meet.” alma y las palabras, el alma y las caricias. souls and words, in our souls and caresses. Act I We are briefly brought back to the harsh reality of Beatriz: Me hablabas de proyectos infinitos y cuando Beatriz: You talked about limitless endeavors. When the moment. On deck, the sailors plot, murmur their todo se puso en contra tuya te entregué mi cuerpo para everything was set against you, I gave you my body to As the opera begins, the women on shore wave goodbye discontent and express their fears, but Pinzón assures hacerte sentir tu poderío. Sé que mi sino es como el let you feel your power. I know that my destiny is like to their sailor men on deck. Although there is an them, drawing a picture of Andalusian colour. A brief agua, el agua que pasa y ahora te vas y me quedo con water, the water that flows by. Now you leave, and I am undercurrent of fear of the unknown, Columbus and but tense dispute between Columbus and Pinzón is un hijo en los brazos. Sé que mi sino es como el agua left with a child in my arms. Like water that flows by. Pinzón pray for a happy voyage. The scene ends with resolved by Marchena’s intervention as the act que pasa. Tú cumple el tuyo, cúmplelo sin secarme las You go and fulfill your mission without drying my Columbus ordering anchors aweigh. concludes amidst singing and dancing. lágrimas. Hoy tenemos tristes el alma y las palabras, el tears. Today we have sadness in our souls and words, The following scene flashes back a year to the alma y las caricias. our souls and caresses. Convent in La Rábida when the Franciscan Fray Act II Colón: Beatriz, hoy tenemos triste el alma. Columbus: Beatriz, today we have sadness in our souls. Antonio de Marchena brings Columbus and Pinzón Beatriz y Colón: [tenemos tristes el alma] y las Beatriz and Columbus: [we have sadness in our souls] together, both having independently conceived the The act’s opening serves as a brief reminder of the palabras, el alma y las palabras, el alma y las caricias. and words, soul and words, soul and caresses. daring enterprise. Columbus, recounting his past and his perspective of time, soon shifting back to the past as dreams of discovering a new route to the East, sings that Columbus’s Jewish origins are recalled and he sees 5 Escena II-5 Scene II-5 there are “Lands to be discovered that call us”. We are images of his people “expelled and being shipped midst [En el presente, en la nave, Pinzón saca a Colón del [In the present, on the ship, Pinzón brings Columbus transported to the domain of the Catholic Monarchs and tears” while a pilgrimage of Jews crosses the stage to a recuerdo] back to reality] hear King Fernando assure us that Aragón is sufficiently desolate song. Once again, time is mirrored in a triple preoccupied with its enterprises in the Mediterranean leave-taking: the women of Palos bidding farewell to Pinzón: ¡Capitán! Quiero hablar de hombre a hombre Pinzón: Captain! I want to speak with you man to man. while Queen Isabella explains that her priority is the their men, the Jews to their homeland, and Columbus to con vos. Quiero pedir cuentas sin que se entere la I want to demand an explanation without the sailors conquest of Granada. And yet she shows a glimmer of his mistress, Beatriz, in Córdoba. marinería. knowing. interest in Columbus’s project (“While the King and I His reverie is soon interrupted by an angry Pinzón Colón: No sois vos quién para pedirme cuentas Columbus: Who are you to come demand an explanation? conquer Granada, the experts will hear your ideas and demanding a change of course and informing Columbus Pinzón: Los hombres están tristes y revueltos. Pinzón: The men are sad and rebellious. They whisper they will decide.”) The experts – an advisor, treasurer, of the crew’s near rebellion. The captain accedes, Murmuran contra vos. against you. general, scientist, and bishop – make negative ordering a change of course to the southeast. That done, Colón: No admito rebeldías en mi nave. Columbus: I don’t permit riots on my ship. comments, while Columbus goes to and fro in an effort he resumes his dreams of the past but they are again Pinzón: Hace tres días sólo que os libré del motín de Pinzón: Three days ago I freed you from the riot of the to persuade them, but the commissioners not only turn broken in on by the increasingly rebellious crew (“Let’s los vizcaínos aquí mismo. Baja es la borda; el mar, Vizcayans right here. The gunwale is low; the sea is him down but brand him a madman. Back at the get rid of the Foreigner!’). Columbus is given two days hambriento; y vos inerte. hungry and you are inert. Convent at La Rábida, it is Pinzón who argues his case, to sight land or the ships will return homeward. In deep

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Leonardo Balada (b. 1933) Colón: ¿Por qué os pusisteis de mi parte entonces? Columbus: Why did you come to my defense, then? Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus) Pinzón: Porque un hombre que empeña su palabra debe Pinzón: Because a man that makes a promise should cumplirla hasta el final. ¡Eso os reprocho ahora! stick to his word until the end. That is why I am One of the preoccupations I supported by textures and experimental sounds typical blaming you now! have had during the last few of the previous decade. Homages to Casals and Colón: ¿Qué decís? ¿Seréis acaso vos el cabecilla? Columbus: What are you talking about? Are you years has been the relentless Sarasate for orchestra was the first of these maybe the ringleader? speeding of our society toward compositions. Now, with the addition of lyrical Pinzón: Yo sé que falseáis en ese libro el número de Pinzón: I know that you write lies in that log about the an alarming cultural melodies to my palette, composing operas made sense to leguas que andamos cada día. number of leagues that we travel every day. uniformity. This fact has me. The cantata Torquemada (1980) was a prelude to Colón: Mis cálculos son otros que los vuestros. Sobre Columbus: My calculations are different from yours. influenced my aesthetic the chamber opera Hangman, Hangman! (1982) nosotros cruzan aves de larga cola; y en el mar ballenas Above us cross birds with long tails; and the whales are position in that it has spurred (8.557090) in which lyrical lines are of importance, que bogan costeando; son los mensajes de una tierra following the coastline, right beneath the surface. Those my affinity with ethnic followed, in 1984 by the dramatic opera Zapata which próxima. signs mean that land is nearby! dimensions. While I was used even more lyrical and folkloric ideas. Pinzón: ¡Pero la tierra no aparece! ¡Treinta días Pinzón: But the land does not appear! Thirty days on composing the opera, we were Cristóbal Colón is the culmination of that process. llevamos ya! ¡Rectificad el rumbo! ¡Seguid el vuelo de the sea already! Correct the course! You follow the path at the dawn of the 21st century Free from preconceptions, the voices sing unrestricted las aves porque os halláis perdido! ¡Estoy hablando en of the birds because you are lost! I am speaking on and one might have expected lyrical lines. The orchestra, on the other hand, making nombre de la tripulación! Por mi palabra se embarcó, behalf of the crew! They embarked because of my Photo: Kenneth Andreyo Cristóbal Colón to be futuristic use of the techniques of previous decades, underlines no por la vuestra. word, not yours. and full of tomorrow’s technological imageries. Instead, the tensions of any given moment. Ethnic and medieval Colón: A mí se me confió esta breve armada. Yo soy Columbus: This small fleet was entrusted to me. I am I chose to portray a world that balances technological colours intermingle with avant-garde sonorities in a quien la manda. ¡Don Cristóbal Colón. Almirante, the one in charge. Don Christopher Columbus. Admiral, progress and space trips on the one hand with cultural balance of two worlds in synthesis. Philosophically, it is Gobernador, Virrey! Governor, Viceroy! and ethnic traditions on the other. Accordingly, with this this balance that I long for in our society: a Pinzón: ¿Dónde está la tierra prometida que tanto Pinzón: Where are the promised lands of which your precept in mind, I have created an opera in which the reconciliation of past, present, and future. alardea vuestra raza? race boasts so much? music looks to the future but also echoes the past. Cristóbal Colón is the result of the idea and Colón: [señalando al mar] Ésta es mi tierra prometida. Columbus: [pointing at the sea] This is my promised To me, the important elements in opera are the initiative of the promoter Aquiles Garcia Tuero and was No olvidéis, hasta que el agua nos sepulte a vos y a mí, land. Don’t forget, until the water buries you and me, I identification of dramatic moments by the orchestra brought to completion under the patronage of the yo seré vuestro superior. [Colón tiene un momento de will be your superior! [Columbus has a moment of along with the vocal lyricism of the singers. Given the Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario, a government reflexión] ¡Timonel, rectificar el rumbo! ¡Siguiendo el reflection] Helmsman, correct the course! Follow the importance of the latter, why would a composer who agency created for the celebration of the 500th vuelo de las aves! flight of the birds! does not consider melody a vital component of his style anniversary of the discovery of America. The purpose of choose to write an opera? From 1966 to 1975, my the opera was to commemorate, in an artistic way, that 6 Escena II-6 Scene II-6 musical language was “avant-garde”, so to speak, unprecedented historical event. ¡Almirante! (aria) Admiral! (aria) avoiding obvious melodic lines. Thus, composing an The opera was conceived in August 1984 during [Colón recuerda las animosas palabras de la Reina] [Columbus remembers the encouragement in the words opera was out of the question. Accordingly, my interest five intense days of planning with playwright Antonio of the Queen] in the musical drama expressed itself in the form of Gala in Madrid. After that Gala wrote the text. While I cantatas, in which narrators took the place of vocal was composing the music, we made changes from time Isabella: Comenzaron los ángeles a ensayar sus Isabella: The angels started to rehearse their beautiful soloists and choruses sang texturally, with guttural to time in a spirit of respect and cooperation. A pile of hermosas melodías. Agradeced a Dios que previno melodies. Thank God that He foresaw from eternity the effects rather than lyrically. During this period, I sketches and manuscripts suggests a lot of revisions. desde la eternidad el momento en que nos moment in which we would meet. A moment that will composed Maria Sabina (1969) (Naxos 8.570425) with Trips to Madrid, New York, Vienna, Barcelona, and encontráramos. Un momento que no se olvidará. Yo os not be forgotten. I send you, Admiral, to take the good a text by C. J. Cela, Las Moradas (1970), based on the Pamplona to go over the score with José Carreras and mando mi almirante a llevar la buena nueva, a esas news, to those undiscovered lands that are awaiting our book by Santa Teresa of Avila, and No-Res (1974), a Montserrat Caballé, the principal singers, show that the tierras agazapadas que esperan nuestra luz. Sois la cruz light. You are the cross and the spade. Like Archangel protest against death with text by Jean París. opera was composed bearing in mind those artists. y la espada. Como Miguel Arcángel, portáis la gran Michael, we carry the big news of Redemption. Like In 1975, in search of a new dimension to my music, noticia de la Redención. Como Miguel Arcángel, sois la Archangel Michael, you are the victory over the false I incorporated true melody into my language, often Leonardo Balada victoria sobre falsos dioses. Como Migue Arcángel gods. Like Archangel Michael, you have the healing

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tenéis medicina de Dios. Yo descanso mis ojos al power of God. I rest my eyes on both you and Spain at CD 1 64:52 CD 2 47:45 mismo tiempo en España y en vos porque sois la misma the same time, because you are the same thing. Bearer of cosa. Adelantado de mi voz y de mi lengua, Virrey de my voice and my tongue, Viceroy of my tenderness for mi ternura por los pueblos recién nacidos. Almirante, the newly born peoples. Admiral, raise up your heart as Act I Act II levad el corazón como se leva un ancla. No one raises up an anchor. Never give up, because God has desfallezcáis nunca porque Dios os ha tocado con su touched you with his finger of fire, and everyone in 1 Scene 1: ¡Salve! 7:19 1 Scene 1: En el presente, en la nave 1:59 dedo de fuego y todos en España os aguardamos. Spain is waiting for you. Admiral, admiral, never give Almirante, almirante, no desfallezcáis nunca, todos en up, everyone in Spain is waiting for you. (Women, Sailors, Columbus, Pinzón) (Pinzón, Columbus) España os aguardamos. 2 Scene 2a: Es mi nombre Cristóbal (aria) 5:14 2 Scene 2: ¡Adiós! 7:38

7 Escena II-7 Scene II-7 (Marchena, Columbus) (Judeans, Columbus, Women, Pinzón) Motín Riot 3 Scene 2b: España ensimismada (aria) 7:51 3 Scene 3: Grande tiene que ser nuestra [En el presente, en la nave] [In the present, on the ship] (Fernando, Isabella) esperanza 1:12 Marineros: ¡Librémonos del extranjero! Sailors: Let’s get rid of the foreigner! Hang him up! In 4 Scene 2c: La Comisión de Salamanca 8:05 (Columbus, Pinzón) ¡Ahorquémoslo! Para acabar con nuestros males, order to end our evils, we must finish him! A wind (Columbus, Advisor, Treasurer, General, 4 Scene 4: Te conocí una tarde (duet) 5:12 acabemos con él. Un viento nos empuja hacia la boca pushes us towards the mouth of hell. If we don’t turn Scientist, Bishop) (Beatriz, Columbus) del infierno. Si no viramos ahora mismo en redondo, around immediately, we will never get back. We will nunca retornaremos. Enloqueceremos en estas naves. go mad on these ships. We wake up hearing the cries of 5 Scene 2d: En la Rábida 4:47 5 Scene 5: ¡Capitán! 2:41 Nos despertamos oyendo el llanto de nuestras mujeres. our wives. That “visionary Jew” is driving us towards (Marchena, Pinzón, Columbus) (Pinzón, Columbus) Ese judío visionario nos conduce a la muerte. Cuanto death. All that we see here are lies, lies. aquí vemos es mentira, mentira. 6 Scene 3: Coro de marineros 0:47 6 Scene 6: ¡Almirante! (aria) 6:43 Pinzón: Hombres del mar. ¿Qué es esto? ¡Poner las Pinzón: Men of the sea. What is this? Laying your (Sailors) (Isabella) manos sobre el capitán es igual que ponerlas sobre Dios! hands on the captain is like laying them on God! 7 Scene 4a: El trono de los Reyes iluminado 1:34 7 Scene 7: Motín 6:09 Marineros: Echemos al extranjero por la borda. Sailors: Let’s throw that foreigner through the gunwale. Pinzón: ¡Despertad, despertad! En nombre vuestro yo Pinzón: Wake up, wake up! In your name, I will speak (Fernando, Isabella, Columbus) (Sailors, Pinzón, Columbus) hablaré con él. with him. 8 Scene 4b: Ahora comprendo (aria) 7:05 8 Scene 8a: ¿En dónde está la voluntad Marineros: Navegamos hacia la noche, navegamos Sailors: We are sailing towards the darkness, we are hacia el infierno. sailing towards hell. (Isabella) de Dios? (aria) 4:34 Pinzón: Aguardad allí sosegados. Aguardad allí. Pinzón: Wait here calmly. Wait here. 9 Scene 4c: Demasiado sensata 0:47 (Columbus) Pinzón: Ésta vez, capitán, se amotinaron las tres naves. Pinzón: This time, Captain, the three ships are in a state (Fernando, Isabella) 9 Scene 8b: Canción de cuna 1:34 of riot. Colón: Ya lo sé. Columbus: I already know. 0 Scene 4d: Caballero seréis (duet) 4:02 (Beatriz) Pinzón: El día diez de octubre es decisivo. Pinzón: The date of October 10th is decisive. (Isabella, Columbus) 0 ¡Tierra! 2:04 Colón: Ya lo sé. Pero otros lo serán más. Columbus: I already know. But others will be even ! more decisive. Scene 5: ¡Tenemos miedo! 1:35 (Columbus, Beatriz, Sailors, Pinzón, Rodrigo) Marineros: Navegamos hacia la noche, navegamos Sailors: We are sailing towards the darkness, we are (Sailors, Pinzón) ! Scene 9: Epílogo: En las Indias 7:59 hacia el infierno. sailing towards hell. @ Scene 6: En el Puerto de Palos 15:46 (Indians, Isabella, Columbus, Marchena, Colón: ¿Por qué retroceder? Columbus: Why should we turn back? Pinzón: ¿Qué les digo a los hombres? Pinzón: What should I tell the men? (Pinzón, Neighbours, Columbus, Marchena) Sailors) Colón: Que esperen hora a hora solamente dos días. Si Columbus: Tell them to wait, hour by hour, for only se cumplen sin suerte, volveremos las proas hacia two more days. If those days pass by without luck, we España, y yo en ese caso estaré muerto. 8.660237-38 26 3 8.660237-38 660237-38 bk Balada 14/5/09 10:07 Page 2

Leonardo will turn our ships back towards Spain, and in that case, my spirit will be dead. BALADA Pinzón: En todas las historias capitán hay un hombre Pinzón: In every story, Captain, there is a man who (b. 1933) que gana y hay un hombre que pierde. Si encontramos wins and a man who loses. If we find those lands, then tierra, en esta historia yo soy el perdedor. Vuestro será in that story I am the loser. The honor and glory will be Cristóbal Colón (1984-86) el honor y la gloria. yours. Pinzón: Si alguien osa tocar al Almirante durante esos Pinzón: If anyone dares to touch the Admiral during these (Christopher Columbus) dos días, juro que lo ahorcaré. two days, I swear I will hang him up with my own hand. Opera in two acts Marineros: Dos días de plazo, si no vemos tierra Sailors: We will wait two days. If we don’t see land we retornamos. will go back. Libretto by Antonio Gala (b. 1930) Premièred at the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, on 24th September, 1989 8 Escena II-8a Scene II-8a ¿En dónde está la voluntad de Dios? (aria) Where is the will of God? (aria) [Colón reflexivo] [Columbus in reflective mood] Cristóbal Colón ...... José Carreras, Tenor Queen Isabella ...... Montserrat Caballé, Soprano Colón: En dónde está la voluntad de Dios. En dónde Columbus: Where is the will of God? Where are the están los ángeles. En dónde está el destino. Aquí se angels? Where is destiny? Here ends the voyage of Martín Alonso Pinzón ...... Carlos Chausson, Baritone acaba el viaje de Cristóbal Colón, ese iluso demente Christopher Columbus, that gullible madman who Padre Fray Antonio de Marchena ...... Luis Álvarez, Baritone que a un pueblo entero convencía con sus convinced an entire people of his fascinations. Here King Fernando ...... Stefano Palatchi, Bass fascinaciones. Aquí se acaba el viaje de un corazón ends the trip of an arrogant heart that once aspired to soberbio que aspiraba a dejar su nombre escrito sobre leave his name written high above all other names. Advisor ...... Miguel Solá, Baritone todos los nombres. Pájaros que voláis sobre mi cabeza, Birds that fly above my head, I hear you, but I can’t see Treasurer ...... Juan Pedro García Márquez, Bass os escucho y no os veo, contestadme, decidme, ¿en you. Answer me, tell me, where is the will of God? General ...... Jesús Sanz Remiro, Bass dónde está la voluntad de Dios? ¿En dónde están los Where are the angels? Where is destiny? The journey ángeles? ¿En dónde está el destino? Aquí se acaba el ends here. Here ends the voyage of Christopher Scientist ...... Gregorio Poblador, Bass viaje. Aquí se acaba el viaje de Cristóbal Colón. Columbus. Bishop ...... Miguel López Galindo, Bass 9 Escena II-8b Scene II-8 Beatriz Enríquez ...... Victoria Vergara, Mezzo-soprano Canción de cuna Sleeping Song Rodrigo de Triana ...... Antonio Lluch, Tenor [Colón recuerda a Beatriz en Córdoba] [Columbus remembers Beatriz in Cordoba]

Sailors, Judeans, Neighbours, Men, Women and Children of Palos, Indians Beatriz: El padre de mi niño salió de casa y estará de Beatriz: The father of my child went out of this house, regreso antes del alba. Hernando se ha dormido. Duerme and he will be back before dawn. Hernando is asleep. Orchestra and Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona tú, duerme tú, Diego, duerme tú y soñarás cómo tu padre Sleep, sleep, Diego, sleep. You will dream how your nos lleva a los tres en una barca blanca con las velas de father takes the three of us in a white boat with silken Theo Alcántara seda y en ella nos sonríe como sonríen los reyes. sails, and in it he smiles at us like a king. Chorus conductors: Romano Gandolfi and Vittorio Sicuri 0 ¡Tierra! Land! Original Idea and Promotion: Aquiles García Tuero Colón: No es verdad, no es verdad, te engañé Beatriz Columbus: That is not true, that is not true, I lied to Sponsored by Grupo Endesa querida. you, my dear Beatriz. Commissioned by Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario Beatriz: En Córdoba sabemos que donde el sol se pone Beatriz: In Cordoba we know that where the sun sets

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hay un lugar en que yo seré reina. there is a place where I will be Queen. Leonardo Colón: Ese lugar no existe. Columbus: That place doesn’t exist. 2 CDs Beatriz: Porque tú serás el rey. Beatriz: Because you will be King. Colón: Tú y mis dos hijos sois mi reino, sois mi centro, Columbus: You and my two sons are my kingdom – BALADA sois mi corona. my center and my crown. Beatriz: Regresarás por mí entre hosannas y entre Beatriz: You will return to me admist “hosannas” and aplausos y el mundo entero dirá: Es el Virrey Colón, es applause. The whole world will declare: “That is Viceroy el Gobernador, es el Almirante. Columbus, he is the Governor, he is the Admiral.” Cristóbal Colón Colón: No, no, no. Columbus: No, no, no. Marineros: Hoy se cumple el plazo. Sailors: Today is the deadline. Pinzón y Rodrigo de Triana: ¡Tierra! ¡Tierra! ¡Tierra! Pinzón and Rodrigo of Triana: Land! Land! Land! José Carreras • Montserrat Caballé Colón: Tiiieeeeerrrrraaaaaa. Columbus: Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaand, ho! Orchestra and Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona ! Escena II-9 Scene II-9 Epílogo: En las Indias Epilogue: In the Indies Theo Alcántara

Indios: Ayaje, ayajo, wehnya, … Indians: Ayaje. Ayajo, wehnya… Isabella, Colón, Marchena: Bendito sea el que venga Isabella, Columbus, Marchena: Blessed is the one who y el que vaya en el nombre del creador. comes and the one who goes in the name of the creator. Isabella: Por fin sabemos por cierto que la tierra es Isabella: At last we know for sure that the Earth is redonda, sabemos por cierto que es igual que una round. We know for certain that it is like an apple, manzana que Dios sostiene en su regazo. which God holds on his lap. Marineros: Por una manzana el hombre fue expulsado Sailors: Because of an apple mankind was expelled del Paraíso Terrenal. from the earthly paradise (Garden of Eden). Isabella y Colón: Para reconciliarnos ofrezcamos otra Isabella and Columbus: To reconcile ourselves, let us manzana a Dios. now offer another apple to God. Marineros: Bendito sea el creador que nos abre los Sailors: Blessed is the creator who opens the seas for mares, que nos abre los aires. Bendito sea el creador us, who opens the skies. Blessed is the creator who que nos abre los ojos. opens our eyes. Indios: Sobre mares de sangre, sobre mares de Indians: On the seas of blood, on the seas of blood… sangre… Columbus: This is the launching site for new trips and Colón: Ésta es la plataforma para los nuevos viajes y for strange navies that will lift their flights above para naves extrañas que elevarán sus vuelos de la tierra. ground. Marineros e indios: Sobre mares de fe y esperanza. Sailors and Indians: On seas of faith and hope. Isabella: Cuando aparezcan hermanos imprevistos Isabella: Whenever unexpected brothers appear, let us compartamos con ellos la manzana del mundo. share with them the apple of the world. Colón: de aquí saldrán los hombres nuevos. Columbus: From here will come the new men. Isabella: aquí empieza su historia la humanidad entera Isabella: Here all of humanity begins its history. Marineros e indios: Paz, paz, paz Sailors and Indians: Peace, peace, peace. Colón: Sobre mares de esperanza, sobre mares de fe. Columbus: On seas of faith, on seas of hope.

8.660237-38 28 CMYK

O Also available P E R A C L 8.557342 8.557343 A S S I C 8.557749 8.570425 S CMYK NAXOS NAXOS From one of the world’s great opera houses, the Gran Teatre del Liceau in Barcelona, comes Leonardo Balada’s richly melodic opera about one of the world’s great explorers, Christopher Columbus, commissioned by the Spanish government for the 5th Centennial of the Discovery of America. A superb cast, headed by José Carreras as Columbus and Monserrat Caballé as Queen

BALADA: Isabella of Spain, gained critical acclaim for their performances in what The Washington Times DDD BALADA: described as “a masterpiece... a landmark score in the lyric theater of our time”. 8.660237-38 Leonardo Playing Time BALADA 1:52:37 (b. 1933) Cristóbal Colón Cristóbal Colón (1984-86) Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus) Opera in two acts • Libretto by Antonio Gala Cristóbal Colón ...... José Carreras Queen Isabella ...... Montserrat Caballé Martín Alonso Pinzón ...... Carlos Chausson Padre Fray Antonio de Marchena ...... Luis Álvarez

King Fernando ...... Stefano Palatchi www.naxos.com Disc made in Canada. Printed and assembled USA. Booklet notes in English ൿ

Beatriz Enríquez ...... Victoria Vergara & Orchestra and Chorus of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona Ꭿ 2009 Naxos Rights International Ltd. Theo Alcántara CD 1 64:52 CD 2 47:45 Sponsored by Grupo Endesa • La Sociedad Estatal para la Ejecución de Programas y Actos Conmemorativos del Quinto Centenario del Descubrimiento de América and Sociedad Estatal de Gestión de Activos (AGESA) A full track and cast list can be found on pages 2 and 3 of the booklet The Spanish libretto and an English translation are included in the booklet, 8.660237-38 and may also be accessed at www.naxos.com/libretti/660237.htm 8.660237-38 Recorded live at the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, Spain, from 24th to 29th September, 1989 Production and engineering: Sony BMG Music • Publisher: Beteca Music Cover photo: José Carreras and Montserrat Caballé in Cristóbal Colón, Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, September 1989, by Antoni Bofill (used with kind permission)