Hans Erni, Un Peintre Dans Le Siècle

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Hans Erni, Un Peintre Dans Le Siècle Fiche pédagogique Hans Erni, un peintre dans le siècle Sortie prévue en salles 10 février 2010 Titre original : Hans Erni, un Résumé Cette gloire tardive ne l'émeut peintre dans le siècle plus guère et une seule chose Film long métrage documentaire, On a fêté en 2009 le centenaire semble compter : poursuivre sa CH 2010 de l'artiste, qui vit à Lucerne, sa création artistique. ville d'origine. Connu de longue Le réalisateur Raphaël Blanc et le Réalisation : Raphaël Blanc et date pour son humanisme sans journaliste Jean-Philippe Rapp ont Jean-Philippe Rapp frontières et son art bien particu- suivi l’artiste pendant trois ans et Intervenants : Hans et Doris Erni, lier, combinant des formes abs- recueilli les témoignages de plu- Karl Bühlmann, Andreas Furger, traites et dynamiques avec des sieurs "témoins du siècle" helvé- Hans-Ulrich Jost, Jean Charles motifs picturaux figuratifs préci- tiques, venant des milieux aca- Giroud, Léonard Gianadda, Stani- slas von Moos, Ruth Dreifuss, sément délimités de blanc, Hans démique, historique, artistique, Thomi Wolfensberger Pascal Cou- Erni est une figure incontournable politique, etc. chepin, Micheline Calmy-Rey, du XXe siècle. Il se livre avec Travailleur acharné et prolifique modestie et simplicité face à la aux multiples talents, Erni raconte Scénario : Raphaël Blanc, Ann- Kathrin Graf, Ian Jaquier caméra de Raphaël Blanc. son parcours. Son œuvre est pro- Il rend hommage à ses parents, fondément ancrée dans la réalité Photographie : Henri Guareschi raconte ses écoles et apprentis- suisse et dans l'histoire du siècle sages, ses premiers pas dans le dernier qui est à la fois la toile de Production et Distribution : Arté- mis-Films Productions, Genève monde de la peinture. Il rappelle fond et la source première ses relations difficiles jusqu'à la fin d’inspiration d'Erni. Son art est Version originale français et suisse des années 1960 avec les autori- fluide, décoratif, harmonieux. allemand, sous-titrée français et tés suisses qui le considéraient Le documentaire rappelle qu'Erni allemand comme un "rouge" ! Partout ail- a d'abord été un peintre abstrait Durée : 1h20 leurs, aux Etats-Unis en particu- avant-gardiste. lier, il rappelle qu'il fut encensé et En retraçant les grands événe- Distribution : Mont-Blanc Distribu- son oeuvre recherchée, alors qu'il ments de la vie de Hans Erni, le tion, Genève restait plus ou moins marginalisé film offre un témoignage vivant et Public concerné : dans son propre pays. émouvant sur un immense artiste Âge légal : 7 ans Puis le vent a tourné, sa ville na- qui s’est distingué par son enga- Âge suggéré : 12 ans tale l'a officiellement honoré, les gement pacifiste, écologique, Site de l'Organe cantonal (VD et témoignages d'admiration et de social et humain. GE) de contrôle des films : reconnaissance en Suisse se sont http://filmages.vd.ch/ multipliés ! _______________________________________________________ Commentaires les hauts de Lucerne. Il se dit A cent ans, Erni travaille chaque attentif, prêt à saisir chaque pos- jour dans son lumineux atelier sur sibilité de création, prêt à se lan- cer dans une nouvelle entreprise. Peintre, dessinateur sculpteur, Disciplines et thèmes Belle santé pour un centenaire ! Il graveur, lithographe, créateur de concernés : s'exprime dans un français soi- décors de théâtre, illustrateur de gné, cherchant ses mots avec une livres, Erni a excellé aussi bien Histoire : Le MacCarthysme aux grande précision. Parmi les inter- dans les fresques gigantesques Etats-Unis ; La Guerre Froide ; le venants, Andreas Furger, qui était que l'illustration de timbres-poste. MacCarthysme (la lutte anti- jusqu'en 2006 directeur du Lan- Mais ses préférences vont certai- communiste) en Suisse au len- desmuseum et Karl Bühlmann, qui nement aux grandes surfaces, demain de la 2e Guerre Mondiale; a écrit plusieurs ouvrages sur dans lesquelles il excelle ! la neutralité suisse en théorie et Hans Erni, ont admirablement dans les faits depuis 1815 (en cerné la personnalité du peintre. On lui doit, outre des affiches, des particulier dans sa "coopération Ils s'expriment en suisse- lithographies, un nombre incalcu- illégitime avec les Nazis") ; la politique de neutralité suisse en allemand, mais que cela ne dé- lable de portraits (les époux Ro- temps de paix depuis 1945 ; le courage pas les spectateurs ro- senberg, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, scandale des "fiches" dans les mands, même si les sous-titres Mstislav Rostropovitch, Alexandre années 1980 en Suisse; les dé- sont un peu pâles : leurs com- Fleming, Guglielmo Marconi, Al- buts de l'AVS ; mentaires sont fort enrichissants. bert Einstein, etc. sans oublier les portraits de proches ou les auto- Histoire de l'art: quelques Le film de Raphaël Blanc utilise portraits). Ce plaisir à peindre grands noms de la scène artis- comme fil rouge une excursion de l'humain a même incité l'artiste à tique suisse au XXe siècle (Hans Doris et Hans Erni à bord du ruti- créer un alphabet anthropo- Erni, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Tinguely, Paul Klee, Max Bill, Le lant bateau à aubes "Stadt Lu- morphe dans lequel des couples Corbusier. H.R. Giger, etc.) ; les zern" sur le Lac des Quatre- nus composent les lettres. pionniers de l'art abstrait, dit "art Cantons. Les commentaires de concret" ou "art absolu"; l'art de l'artiste enregistrés dans son stu- Il a illustré plus d'une centaine de Hans Erni ; Jean Gabus, ethno- dio, alternent avec des photos et livres entre 1935 et 2000, prêtant logue-muséologue suisse (1908- films d'archives et des témoi- son talent à des auteurs aussi 1992) ; le groupe "Abstraction gnages de personnalités de la divers que Victor Hugo, Léopold Création" (1931-1936) ; l'Asso- scène culturelle suisse. Tout au Senghor, Paul Verlaine, Paul ciation "Alliance suisse" (1937- long du film, on découvre des Eluard, C.F. Ramuz, et autre So- 1954) : le "Bauhaus" et Laszlo Moholy-Nagy ; Konrad Farner, oeuvres d'Erni, du plus petit au phocle. Les Editions d'Art Gonin, journaliste, essayiste et historien plus grand, des origines à nos créées en 1926, furent des clients de l'art suisse (1903-1974) ; les jours : un survol passionnant de fidèles de Erni. mouvements précurseurs de l'art son immense oeuvre. La caméra abstrait (nabisme, fauvisme, est précise, l'éclairage parfait, Ecoles, apprentissages, forma- expressionnisme, art nouveau, c'est une promenade fantastique tion cubisme, impressionnisme, etc.) ; parmi les tableaux d'une exposi- Issu d'une modeste famille dans les développements du non figu- tion chronologique orchestrée par laquelle on lisait beaucoup, ratif en Russie (rayonnisme, le film. l’artiste montre à la caméra les suprématisme, constructivisme, etc) ; livres dont son père couvrait les La "patte Erni" caractérisée par espaces libres de dessins et d'an- Economie et politique : Les des créatures charnues et puis- notations. On parlait philosophie, entreprises suisses exportatrices santes dont les contours sont art, politique, religion dans sa d'armes Ruag Holding, Mowag marqués d'un trait blanc, l'a rendu famille et c'est avec son père qu'il GmbH, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd, unique, même si des fâcheux a découvert son amour pour le Rheinmetall AG, etc. et la neutra- répètent qu'il fait la même chose cheval, dans lequel il voit un ani- lité suisse ; depuis les années 1940. Ses mal indomptable toujours en mou- peintures confrontent l'Antiquité vement, comme le sont les idées ! Art pictural : l'art millénaire de la avec le monde contemporain, la Erni fit un premier apprentissage Tempera (tempera all'uovo) ; l'art de la fresque ; l'art de la lithogra- nature avec les technologies, le d'arpenteur-géomètre, puis en phie ; la gravure ; la sculpture ; passé avec le futur, et tracent la accomplit un second de dessina- l'affiche ; les diverses techniques continuité dans l'harmonie des teur-architecte. Mais en 1928, il de peinture (huile, chaux, eau, couleurs et la fusion des con- trouve sa voie à l'Ecole des Arts et cire, aquarelle, etc.) ; traires. L'homme est au centre de Métiers de Lucerne, et une année sa création, au centre d'entrelacs pus tard, on le retrouve à l'Aca- de courbes et de formes géomé- démie Julian à Paris, puis en 1930 triques. à l'Ecole des Arts Appliqués de Berlin. Il fréquente des artistes comme Jean Hélion, Kandinsky, 2 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Mondrian, À une interrogation sur l'étiquette Calder, et se dit très impressionné "communiste", Erni dit n'avoir par Dali, et fortement influencé jamais été inscrit à un parti, même par Picasso et Braque. si ses sympathies allaient à la gauche. Erni rappelle l'influence profonde de ces deux artistes, en particulier Lorsqu'en 1935, Erni reçoit man- celle de Picasso qui est telle qu'à dat d'organiser une exposition l'époque, il renonce à signer de d'art contemporain à Lucerne. il son nom, et s'invente le pseudo se propose de créer une synthèse "François Grèques" : ainsi remer- entre représentation abstraite et cie-t-il la "France" qui l'accueille et langage figuratif, modernité et la "Grèce", berceau de la culture ! tradition. Il donne vraisemblable- Erni définit Picasso, son maître de ment trop d'espace à l'art avant- toujours, comme un artiste qui a gardiste et l'exposition est un flop. exploré toutes les conceptions, et L'art abstrait est considéré alors qui a toujours été le premier à en comme anti-bourgeois, anti- quitter une pour en découvrir une helvétique, anarchiste et provoca- autre, toujours en évolution, tou- teur. Avec l'influence grandissante jours en mouvement. de l'Allemagne, on le taxe même Doris et Hans Erni en 2009, lors des de "juif" ou de "communiste". Swiss Awards. Il évoque aussi avec émotion son ami et complice de l'époque, le Le souci de témoigner et d'être philosophe, journaliste et historien perçu par un large public a proba- de l'art Konrad Farner, comme lui blement ramené Erni à un art plus un amoureux de la Rome et de la figuratif à l'aube de la Seconde Grèce antique et un bibliophile.
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